BRICK AND PVC WORK

1. Brickandpvc
Presented by:
Khushbu bansal
Nemat dhesi
Nikhita malhotra
Pallav bansal
Parul gupta
Prerna jain
Vijay karan singh

2. BRICK IS AN BUILDING MATERIAL
THIS MATERIAL IS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION
BECAUSE OF BEING CHEAP,DURABLE,AND
EASY TO HANDLE AND WORK WITH.CLAY BRICKS ARE
USED FOR BUILDING- UP EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR
WALLS,PARTITIONS,FOOTINGS AND OTHER LOAD
BEARING STRUCTURES.

3.  A BRICK IS RECTANGULAR IN SHAPE AND SIZE THAT
CAN BE CONVINIENTLY HANDLED WITH ONE HAND
 LENTH OF BRICK =2 X WIDTH OF BRICK+TCKNESS OF
MORTOR
 HEIGHT OF BRICK=WIDTH OF BRICK
 STANDARD SIZE OF A BRICK
19 X 9 X 9 CM

5. THE SURFACES OF A BRICK HAVE NAMES:
 TOP AND BOTTOM SURFACES ARE BEDS.
 ENDS ARE HEADERS AND HEADER FACES.
 SIDES ARE STRETCHERS OR STRETCHER FACES.

6. A STANDARD METRIC BRICK HAS COORDINATING
DIMENSIONS OF 225 X 112.5 X 75 MM (9''×4½" ×3“)
CALLED NOMINAL SIZE AND
WORKING DIMENSIONS (ACTUAL DIMENSIONS) OF 215 X
102.5 X 65 MM (8.5“ * 4 *2.5) CALLED ARCHITECTURAL
SIZE

10. I. SOLID BRICKS
SOLID BRICK SHALL NOT HAVE HOLES, CAVITIES OR
DEPRESSIONS.

11.  PERFORATED BRICK SHALL HAVE HOLES NOT
EXCEEDING THE 25% OF THE GROSS VOLUME OF THE
BRICK; MINIMUM 30% SOLID ACROSS THE WIDTH OF
BRICK.

12.  FROGGED BRICKS
FROGGED BRICKS SHALL HAVE DEPRESSIONS IN
ONE OR MORE BED FACES BUT THEIR TOTAL VOLUME
SHALL NOT EXCEED 20% OF GROSS VOLUME OF A
BRICK.

13. IV. CELLULAR BRICKS
CELLULAR BRICKS HAVE CAVITIES OR DEPRESSIONS
EXCEEDING 20% OF THE VOLUME IN TOTAL.

14.  FIRST CLASS BRICKS
 THESE ARE THOROUGHLY BURNT AND OR OF DEEP RED
,CHERRY COLOUR.
 THESE SHOULD BE FREE FROM FLAWS ,CRACKS AND
STONES.
 THE SURFACE SHOULD BE SMOOTH AND RECTANGULAR
,WITH PARALLEL ,SHARP AND STRAIGHT EDGES AND
SQUARE CORNERS
 THESE SHOULD HAVE UNIFORM TEXTURE
 WATER ABSORPTION SHOULD BE
12-15% OF ITS DRY WEIGHT WHEN
IMMERSED IN COLD WATER
FOR 24 HOURS.
USES:
THESE BRICKS ARE RECOMMENDED
FOR POINTING,EXPOSED FACEWORK IN
MASONRY STRUCTURES.

15.  SECOND CLASS BRICKS
 THESE ARE SUPPOSED TO HAVE THE SAME
REQIREMENTS AS THE FIRST CLASS BRICKS
 1. SMALL CRACKS AND DISTORTIONS ARE PERMITTED.
 2. A LITTLE HIGHER WATER ABSORPTION OF ABOUT 16-
20% OF ITS DRY WEIGHT IS ALLOWED
 3. THE CRUSHING STRENGTH SHOULD NOT BE
LESSTHAN
7.0 N/mm^2.
USES:
THESE ARE RECOMMENDED FOR
ALL MASONRY WORKS

16.  THIRD CLASS BRICKS
 THESE ARE UNDERBURNT.
 THEY ARE SOFT AND LIGHT COLOURED PRRODUCING
A DULL SOUND
 WATER ABSORPTION IS ABOUT 25% OF DRY WEIGHT
USES:
 IT IS USED FOR BUILDING TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES

17.  FOURTH CLASS BRICKS
 THESE ARE OVERBURNT AND BADLY DISTORTED
IN SHAPE AND SIZE AND BRITTLE IN NATURE.
USES:
THE BALLAST OF SUCH BRICKS IS USED
FOR FOUNDATION AND ROAD METAL.

18. USES:
 COMMON BRICK: IT IS A GENERAL MULTIPURPOSE
UNIT MANUFACTURED ECONOMICALLY WITHOUT
SPECIAL REFERRENCE TO APPEARANCE
 FACING BRICK:THESE ARE MADE PRIMARLY WITH A
VIEW TO HAVE GOOD APPEARANCE AND TEXTURE
 ENGINEERING BRICKS:THESE ARE STRONG
IMPERMIABLE SMOOTH TABLEMOULED.

19. ENGLISH BOND
 THE FACING BRICKS ARE LAID IN ALTERNATE
COURSES OF HEADERS AND STRETCHERS.
 QUEEN-CLOSER INSERTED NEXT TO QUOIN-HEADERS
TO PRODUCE OVERLAP.
 ENGLISH BOND IS THE STRONGEST.
a. AVOIDS CONTINUOUS VERTICAL JOINTS.
DISADVANTAGE:
 PENETRATION OF DAMP THROUGH TRANSVERSE
JOINTS.
 APPEARANCE NOT AS GOOD AS FLEMISH BOND.

21.  FLEMISH BOND
 IN THIS BOND A QUEEN CLOSER IS PROVIDED AFTER EVERY
QUEEN HEADER IN THE ALTERNATE COURSES TO BREAK
THE CONTINUITY OF VERTICAL JOINTS.
 BRICK BATS ARE TO BE USED FOR FORMING THIS BOND
WHEN THICKNESS OF WALL IS MULTIPLE OF HALF BRICK.

22. HEADING OR HEADER BOND
 HEADING OR HEADER BOND IS LAID ON HEADERS.
 USED FOR ROUND QUICK SWEEPS, AS IN FIG. 4.
 SHOULD NEVER BE USED IN STRAIGHT WORK, AS IT IS VERY
WEAK

23. STRETCHING OR STRETCHER BOND
 BRICKS ARE LAID IN STRETCHERS, AS IN THE FIGURE
BELOW.
 USED IN WALLS OF HALF-BRICK IN THICKNESS.
 DUE TO ITS CONSTANT OCCURRENCE IN THE LAST
POSITION IT IS ALSO CALLED CHIMNEY BOND.

24. GARDEN-WALL BOND
 USED FOR 9 INCH WALLS.
 USED WHEN A FAIR FACE IS REQUIRED ON BOTH SIDES.
 WALL IS COMPOSED OF THREE OR FOUR COURSES OF
STRETCHERS ALTERNATING WITH ONE OF HEADERS, AS
IN THE FIGURE BELOW.

25. RAT TRAP BOND
 IT IS MADE BY PLACING THE BRICKS ON THEIR SIDES
HAVING A CAVITY OF 4″ (100 MM)
 ALTERNATE COURSE OF STRETCHERS AND HEADERS.
 IT IS STILL USED IN INDIA AS AN ECONOMICAL BOND.

26.  DONOT BURN, BUCKLE OR MELT.
 DONOT ROT AND ALLOW TERMITES TO INVADE.
 DONOT RUST AND CORRODE.
 DONOT DENT.
 DONOT FADE FROM THE SUN'S UV RAYS.
 WILL NOT BE DAMAGED BY HIGH WINDS, RAIN OR
HAIL.
 DONOT REQUIRE CONSTANT MAINTENANCE.
 DNOT DEVALUE.
 DONOT LIMIT YOUR PERSONAL EXPRESSION.
 DONOT LIMIT YOUR DESIGN OPTIONS.

27.  LOAD BEARING MASONRY HAS A HIGH SELF-WEIGHT OR
LOW STRENGTH-TO-WEIGHT RATIO.
 LABOUR INTENSIVE CONSTRUCTION
 MOISTURE PENETRATION.
 THERMAL EXPANSION
 A SLOW AND TEDIOUS PROCESS.
 REQUIRES SKILLED MASONS.
 LOW TENSILE STRENGTH, CAN FAIL DURING
EARTHQUAKES.
 STRUCTURAL LIMITATIONS :
 MASONRY HAS HIGH COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH UNDER
VERTICAL LOADS BUT HAS LOW TENSILE STRENGTH
(AGAINST TWISTING OR STRETCHING) UNLESS
REINFORCED.
 THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF MASONRY WALLS CAN BE
INCREASED BY THICKENING THE WALL, OR BY BUILDING
MASONRY PIERS (VERTICAL COLUMNS OR RIBS) AT
INTERVALS.

28.  SIZE AND SHAPE
 THE BRICKS SHOULD HAVE UNIFORM SIZE AND PLANE
,RECTANGULAR SURFACES WITH PARALLEL SIDES AND
SHARP STRAIGHT EDGES
 COLOUR
 THE BRICK SHOULD HAVE A UNIFORM DEEP RED OR
CHERRY COLOUR AS INDICATIVE OF UNIFORMLY IN
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
 TEXTURE AND COMPACTNESS
 THE SURFACES SOULD NOT BE TOO
SMOOTH TO CAUSE SLIPPING OF MOTOR
 THE BRICK SHOULD HAVE PRECOMPACT
AND UNIFORM TEXTURE

29.  HARDNESS AND SOUNDNESS
 THE BRICK SHOULD BE SO HARD THAT
WHEN SCRATCHED BY A FINGERNAIL
NO IMPRESSION IS MADE
 WATER ABSORPTION
 IT SHOULD NOT EXCEED 20% OF ITS
DRYWEIGHT WHEN KEPT IMMERSED IN
WATER FOR 24 HOURS
CRUSHING STRENGTH
IT SHOULD NOT BE LESS THAN
10N/MM^2
BRICKEARTH
IT SHOULD BE FREE FROM STONES ,
KANKARS,ORGANICMATTER
,SALTPETRE ETC

30.  PVC IS REPLACING TRADITIONAL BUILDING
MATERIALS SUCH AS WOOD, METAL, CONCRETE
AND CLAY IN MANY APPLICATIONS.
 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, PVC, IS ONE OF THE MOST
POPULAR PLASTICS USED IN BUILDING AND
CONSTRUCTION. IT IS USED IN WINDOW FRAMES,
FLOORING AND ROOFING FOILS, WALL COVERINGS,
CABLES AND MANY OTHER APPLICATIONS
 AS IT PROVIDES A MODERN ALTERNATIVE TO
TRADITIONAL MATERIALS SUCH AS WOOD, METAL,
RUBBER AND GLASS

31.  MADE FROM SALT (57 PER CENT) AND OIL/GAS (43
PER CENT).
 WAS FIRST PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN THE LATE
1920S.

32.  PVC IN MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

PVC IN TRANSPORT

PVC IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION

PVC IN TOYS

PVC IN CONSUMER GOODS AND EVERYDAY LIFE

PVC IN PACKAGING

PVC IN ART AND DESIGN

33.  DURABLE, STRONG, LIGHTWEIGHT
 LOW MAINTANENCE REQUIRED
 ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY RECYCLED PLASTICS
 HIGH PERFORMANCE AT LOW COST
 HELPS CONSERVE ENERGY AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
 SAFE AND INERT TO USE (PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE
IN SAVING PEOPLE’S LIVES)
 DOESN’T SUPPORT COMBUSTION (INHERENTLY
FIRE RESISTANT)

34.  MAJOR APPLICATIONS IN THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT INCLUDE:
 WINDOW FRAMES
 DRAINAGE PIPES
 WATER SERVICE PIPES
 RESILIENT FLOORINGS
 ROOFING MEMBRANES

35.  WINDOW PROFILES
 PVC REPRESENTS A GOOD ECONOMIC AND
 ECOLOGICAL BALANCE COMPARED TO ALTERNATIVES
 AND, BECAUSE LITTLE MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED,
 PVC AVOIDS THE NEED FOR CLEANING
 CHEMICALS, SOLVENTS AND PAINT.
 CLADDING
 PVC CLADDING IS AN ATTRACTIVE WAY OF ADDING
 VALUE TO A PROPERTY. IT OFFERS HIGH RESISTANCE TO
 THE ELEMENTS AND REQUIRES LITTLE MAINTENANCE.
 ROOFLINE DRAINAGE, DRAINPIPES,
 SOFFITS, BARGEBOARDS

36.  CONSERVATORIES AND ATRIA
 PVC IS A STRONG AND DURABLE CONSTRUCTION
 MATERIAL ALLOWING MASS-PRODUCED OR
 ONE-OFF DESIGNS FOR APPLICATIONS SUCH AS
 CONSERVATORIES, SWIMMING POOL ROOMS
 AND ATRIA.
 WALLCOVERINGS
 PVC WALLCOVERINGS OFFER THE WIDEST VARIETY OF
 FINISHES IN DOMESTIC OR COMMERCIAL
 BUILDINGS. FROM FASHIONABLE PRINTED VINYL
 WALLPAPER TO HIGH-TECH SPECIALIST
 COVERINGS IN AREAS SUCH AS OPERATING THEATRES.

37.  DAMP-PROOF COURSE
 PVC IS IMPERVIOUS SO AN IDEAL MATERIAL FOR
 DAMP-PROOFING WALLS
 CABLING
 DUCTING FOR CABLES
 LIGHTWEIGHT, MODULAR DUCTING ALLOWS EASY
 ACCESS TO BUILDING SERVICES INCLUDING
 WATER, POWER AND TELECOMS.
 PIPES AND FITTINGS
 ECONOMY, EASY INSTALLATION, CHEMICAL
 RESISTANCE, GOOD FLOW PROPERTIES, AND
 MINIMAL MAINTENANCE ALL MEAN SIGNIFICANT
 ADVANTAGES FOR PVC PIPES AND FITTINGS
 IN CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS.

38.  CABLING FOR TV
 DOORS
 BETTER SOUND AND HEAT INSULATION TOGETHER
 WITH IMPROVED SECURITY ARE JUST SOME OF
 THE BENEFITS OF A WELCOMING PVC DOOR.
 FLOORING

39.  THIS RANGE IS USED IN DECORATING HOMES, WALL
CLADDING AND POSSESS PIVOTAL FEATURES THAT
ENHANCE THE APPEAL OF A ROOM.
 THESE WALL PANELS ARE HIGHLY DEMANDED BY
CUSTOMERS FOR GIVING THEIR INTERIOR A
ELEGANT AND STYLISH LOOK.

40.  STRONG AND LIGHTWEIGHT
 EASY TO INSTALL
 DURABLE
 COST-EFFECTIVE
 SAFE MATERIAL
 FIRE RESISTANT
 GOOD INSULATOR
 VERSATILE

41.  ALL PVC WALL CLADDING PRODUCTS HAVE SILVER
IONS EMBEDDED AT THE TIME OF MANUFACTURE
MEANING THAT IT HAS ANTIMICROBIAL
PROTECTION THROUGHOUT THE SHEET
 THIS MEANS THE BIOCLAD PVC CLADDING SYSTEM
WILL REMAIN EFFECTIVE EVEN WHEN SCRATCHED
AS THE ANTIMICROBIAL PROTECTION CANNOT BE
WASHED AWAY LIKE OTHER SYSTEMS.
 THE BIOCLAD PVC CLADDING SYSTEMS HAS BEEN
PROVEN TO BE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING BACTERIA,
MICROBES, PROTOZOAN AND FUNGI.