This document summarizes a student's class topic on producing industrial enzymes, biodegradable plastics, and therapeutic proteins using genetic engineering. The student's name is Preeti Kunwar Chouhan and they are in the final year of their M.Sc. studying in the Department of Botany. The document defines industrial enzymes and their production process. It also discusses different types of biodegradable plastics like PHA, cellulose acetate, and their uses. Finally, it lists examples of therapeutic proteins like insulin and antibodies that are engineered for pharmaceutical applications.

1. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
NAME – PREETI KUNWAR CHOUHAN
CLASS- M.Sc. Final yr. 4thSEM.

2. TOPIC- PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES ,
BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS , THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS
USING GENETIC ENGINEERING
CONTENT-
1.Introduction of industrial enzymes
2. Production

3. TOPIC- PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES ,
BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS , THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS
USING GENETIC ENGINEERING
DEFINITION- Industrial enzymes are enzymes that are commercially
used in a variety of industries such as pharmaceuticals chemical
production, biofuels ,food & beverage, and consumer products.
Enzymes as a operation –
 1.Immobilization 2. adsorption 3. covalent binding
4. Affinity 5. Entrapment

4. PRODUCTIONOFINDUSTRIALENZYMES-
Genetically engineered bulk enzymes are in food industry ( baking ,
starch manufacture, fruit juices) the animal feed industry , in textile
manufacture, and in detergents .many companies manufacture these
enzymes. E.g. Novo company
Process of industrial enzymes –
1. Screening 2. Modification 3. laboratory scale pilot
4. pilot plant 5. industry scale fermenter
Advantages of industrial enzymes –
1. Pure enzyme production
2. Highly specific for their target
3. Bulk production ability
4. Use of any type of raw material ( juice industry)
5. Reduced energy consumption and waste.

8.  Biodegradable plastics –
 Biodegradable plastics are plastics that can be decomposed by the
action of living organisms, usually microbes, into water, carbon
dioxide, and biomass.
 While the words "bioplastic" and "biodegradable plastic" are
similar, they are not synonymous. Not all bioplastics are
biodegradable.
 Biodegradable plastics are petroleum based plastics that are
combined with an additive that makes them break quickly .
 Types of different types of biodegradable plastic –
1.PBS-polybutylene succinate
2.PCL –polycaprolactone
3. PES-polyethersulfone
4.PHA - Polyhydroxyalkanoate

10.  1. PHA is produced naturally by bacteria and Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMO) plants, but there are plans to try production
from food waste.
 Uses: PHAs are used as food wraps, cups, plates, coating for paper
and cardboard, and 'many medical uses, including sutures, gauzes,
and coati.gs for medicines.
 2. Cellulose Acetate
 Cellulose acetate (CA) is a synthetic product that is derived from
cellulose that is found in each part of a plant. Cellulose is currently
used from cotton, wood, and crop waste .This can be used to form
molded solid plastics, cigarette filters, coatings, photographic-films
and filters.
 Cellophane is a biodegradable film produced from cellulose.
 E.g. - coffee cups,

12. Therapeutic proteins
 Therapeutic proteins are proteins that are engineered in the
laboratory for pharmaceutical use, including noncovalent
binders, proteins that affect covalent bonds which are almost all
enzymes, and albumin.
 Therapeutic proteins are highly effective in vivo and have
revolutionized treatment of diseases.
 Examples of thereapeutic proteins-
 1.Insulin 2.Immunoglobulin G 3.Enzyme inhibitor
 4. Tumor necrosis factor alpha 5. factor VIII 6. Trypsin
 7. Human serum albumin 8. Hirudin 9. Thrombin
 10. calcitonin

14. Production of therapeutic proteins-

16.  THANK YOU….