Fully covered bio polymer chemistry

1. BIOPOLYMER

2.  Biopolymer are polymer produced by living
organisms.
 Since the are polymers, biopolymers contain
monomeric units that are covalently bonded to
form larger structure.
Example of biopolymer:
1) Starch
2) Cellulose
3) Chitin,Gulucose
4) DNA, RNA.
.

3. Bio
polymer
Protein
Nucleic
Acids
Cellulose
Starch

4.  Starch acts as a natural polymer obtained from
Wheat, Tapioca, maize and Potatoes.
 The material is stored in tissues of plants as
one way carbohydrates.
 It is composed of glucose and can be
obtained by melting starch.
 This polymer is not present in animal tissues.

5.  It can be found in vegetables like tapioca,
corn, wheat and potatoes.

6. • Cellulose is the most common organic compound
and biopolymer on Earth.
• About 33% of all plant matter is cellulose.
• The cellulose content of cotton is 90%, while
wood’s is 50%.
• These are used for packing cigarettes, CDS and
confectionary.

7. * This polymer is composed of glucose and is the
primary consituent of plant cellular walls.
* It is obtained from natural resources like wood
and corn.

8.  In each other’s presence, the different types
amino acids molecule undergo chemical
reaction that make them bond together and
form larger molecules.
 Since they come from chains of monomers,
proteins are also known as polymers.
 The resulting chain are typically referred to as
peptides.

9.  The human body contains about 100,000 different
protein polymer, or proteins.
* Specific uses of human protein polymers include
transportation of oxygen in your bloodstream,
carbohydrate digestion and formation of structures
such as your muscles, skin, tendos and hairs.

10.  Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or large
biomolecules, essential for all known forms
of life.
 Which include DNA and RNA, are made from
monomers known as nucleotides.
 When sugar and nitrogenous base gets
combine they form nucleoside.
 Nucleotide is also known as phosphate
nucleoside.

12.  Biodegradable polymer is polymer
decomposes naturally in the environment.
 This is achieved when microorganisms in the
environment metabolize and break. Eg: bio
plastic
Structure of biodegradable plastic.

13.  There are two forms of biodegradable plastic,
injection molded and solid.
 The solid forms normally are used for items
such as food containers, leaf collection bags,
and water bottles.
 Biodegradable plastics are made from all
natural plants materials.
 These can include corn oil, orange peels,
starch, and plants.

14. Research > Development > Pilot Plant > Commercialization > World-scale Plant > Industrial production
State of development
Source: bioplastics Magazine 03/2007

15.  sun
Carbon Cycle of Bioplastics
CO2
H2O
Biodegradation
Carbohydrates
Plastic Products
Plants
Fermentation
PHA Polymer
Photosynthesis
Recycle

16.  Fastest in anaerobic sewage and slowest in
seawater
 Depends on temperature, light, moisture,
exposed surface area, pH and microbial
activity
 Degrading microbes colonize polymer surface
& secrete PHA depolymerases
 PHA  CO2 + H2O (aerobically)
 PHA  CO2 + H2O + CH4 (anaerobically)

18.  Woven shirts (ironability), microwavable trays, hot-
fill applications and even engineering plastics (in
this case, the stereocomplex is blended with a
rubber-like polymer such as ABS).
 PLA is currently used in a number of biomedical
applications, such as sutures, stents, dialysis media
and drug delivery devices. The total degradation
time of PLA is a few years. It is also being evaluated
as a material for tissue engineering.

19.  Because it is biodegradable, it can also be
employed in the preparation of bioplastic, useful
for producing loose-fill packaging, compost bags,
food packaging, and disposable tableware. In the
form of fibers and non-woven textiles, PLA also
has many potential uses, for example as
upholstery, disposable garments, awnings,
feminine hygiene products, and diapers.

20. • PLA is a sustainable alternative to petrochemical-
derived products, since the lactides from which it is
ultimately produced can be derived from the
fermentation of agricultural by-products such as
corn starch or other carbohydrate-rich substances
like maize, sugar or wheat.
• PLA can be an alternative to high-impact
polystyrene by using as much as 1 wt% non-PLA
due to creating co-polymers which can strengthen
PLA plastic.

21.  Bioplastics from Microorganisms.
Degradable polymers that are naturally degraded by the
action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and
algae
Several legislations enacted but demand for bioplastics
have not increased
Benefits
• 100 % biodegradable
• Produced from natural,
renewable resources
• Able to be recycled, composted
or burned without producing
toxic byproducts

22.  biopolymers
Conclusions
• Need for biodegradable optimization:
– Economically feasible to produce
– Cost appealing to consumers
– Give our landfills a break
 How many of you would be willing to pay 2-3 times
more for plastic products because they were
“environmentally friendly”?

23. THANK YOU