Intelligent Design involves critical thinking and has provided to biological anthropology as: Repackaging of science Power of irreducible complexity Unseen Being/Power Creationism-Evolution relationship. Again, Science is a process, not a result.

1. BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
For centuries, people have argued about whether biology or culture is the most
important influence on human behaviour, intelligence, and a wide range of other
human qualities. This has sometimes been called the genes-environment debate or
the nature-nurture debate. Why is the dichotomy between biology and culture a false
one? Considering any human trait, from aggression to intelligence to courtship, how
might human biology and culture interact with one another?
ASSIGNMENT
OBAJE GODWIN SUNDAY
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical
Sciences AE-FUNAI
+2348068638121
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2. MECHANISM OF EVOLUTION
What is science
Who are the early
thinkers
The main road to the early
Darwinian Revolution
ORIGIN OF EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT
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3. What is science
Science is a process, not a result.
• Observation; gathering of scientific
information by watching phenomenon
• Deduction; conclusion coming out of
observation
• Hypothesis; a preliminary explanation of
phenomenon
• Experimentation; testing of hypothesis
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4. Hypothesis testing…….
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5. Science is a process…….
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6. Science cont’d
• Data; the scientific evidence produced by
experiment
• Scientific method; standard scientific research
process in which hypothesis is stated, data are
collected and hypothesis is either supported
or rejected.
• Science is an empirical process that relies on
evidence and experiment. It has the essential
component of self-correcting, although it’s not
perfection AE-FUNAI, THE WORLD CLASS UNIVERSITY 6

7. Who are the early thinkers
• Charles Darwin: 1st intellectual figure,
published a book; Origin of species in 1859
• Aristotle: 4th Century, life is an hierarchy, man
at the top, immutability of species
• Middle Age: Political norm, Church decides
and early thinkers killed.
• 14th-16th Centuries (Renaissance): 3 key critical
developments occurred;
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8. 3 key critical developments occurred
Rediscovery the knowledge of the early scholars
(Greeks and Romans)
Reconstruction of past ideas
Knowledge of cultural variations emerged
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9. The Root to Modern Science
• Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519):
Drawing/artistic
• Galen: Chief dissector of dead bodies
• Vesalius (1543): Reconstructed Galen’s work,
produced a standard medical textbook
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10. European Discovery and Exploration
• The birth of New World, deep look at thousands
of exotic plants and animal species, and exposure
to greater range of human variations
QUESTIONS
Were they fully humans
Did they possess soul
Could their origin be traced to Adam and Eve
Is the Garden of Eden real
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11. But then is the migration…..
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12. European Discovery and Exploration
• Polygenism (16th-17th Century): Century
scholars argued on the multiple origin of
humans
• Monogenism: Century scholars argued from
religious views
• Blumenbach (1752-1840) indicated interests
for the basic unity of humankind through
monogensis
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13. Comparative study…..
Polygenism
Different races have different lineages
Monogenism
Truly, we are sons of Adam, Africa
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14. European Discovery and Exploration
• James Ussher (1581-1656) calculated the date
of the creation of the earth at 400BC
• Galileo Galilieo (1564-1656) used telescope
and the giant planet
• Kepler and Newton (1571-1727) used more
sophisticated telescope that gave clearer
picture of the earth
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15. European Discovery and Exploration
• Linnaeus (1707-1778)- Natural scheme of life,
classification of all living things in the earth.
The father of taxonomy
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16. The Road to Darwinian Revolution
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17. The Road to Darwinian Revolution
• Comte de Buffon (1707-1788): Believed in the
effects of environment on genes and human
behaviours, and from Old World to New World
• George Curvier (1769-1832): Father of
catastrosphism (catachysmic disaster) wiped
out earlier earth e.g. Noah’s Ark
• Geoffroy Saint Hilaire (1772-1844): Anatomist,
strong advocate of environment-evolutionary
changes
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18. The Road to Darwinian Revolution
Lamarck (1774-1829):
Theory of acquired
inheritance, Need and use
theory.
• General breakthrough:
Relationship between
environment and organism
• Errors: Thinking that evolutionary
changes could occur during the life
time of an individual
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19. The Road to Darwinian Revolution
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20. The Road to Darwinian Revolution
• James Hutton (1726-1797): Layering of rock
formation-The father of modern geology, saw
evidence of post world: Uniformitarianism
• Charles Lyell (1797-1875): Opponent of
uniformitarianism
• Alfred Wallace (1823-1913): Plants and
animals collections
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21. Basic Differences Between Wallace
and Darwin
• Wallace rejected
artificial selection:
Selective breeding as
analogue to natural
selection while
Darwin believed that
the breeding process
was mimicking
• Wallace focused on
group replacement of
species to another
group while Darwin
focused on individual
science and
creationism
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22. Who is a creationist?
• 14 bn years ago, fundamentalist, believed in
Adam and Eve origins
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23. Intelligent Design
• Repackaging of science
• Power of irreducible complexity
• Unseen Being/Power
• Creationism-Evolution relationship
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