Ryan Bartlett
Director, Climate Risk Management and Resilience, WWF US
IncorporatingNature-basedSolutionsinPlanningfor
Climate-ResilientInfrastructure
BAPPENAS Foresight Workshop
March 7-9, Bogor, Indonesia

Biodiversityloss

25M km of new paved roads anticipated
by 2050, mainly in the tropics (600x
around the planet)

"Planned transport projects include…2650 km of new roads, including at least
1000 km of new toll roads; the establishment of 15 new airports and 24 seaports;
and the building of 3258 km of rail lines.”

Non-startionarity (climate change)
renders old planning standards obsolete

GOAL#3 CONCEPT DESIGN FUNDING APPROVALS CONSTRUCTION
GOAL#2 CONCEPT DESIGN FUNDING APPROVALS CONSTRUCTION
THECURRENTDEVELOPMENTPROCESS
Ecosystemfactorsareconsideredafterkeydecisionshavebeenmade.
Isolatedprojectsaredevelopedindependentlyofoneanother.
Someprojectsare screenedforclimaterisks
GOAL#1 CONCEPT DESIGN FUNDING APPROVALS CONSTRUCTION
MINIMIZEor REDUCErisksandimpacts
MITIGATEremainingrisks andimpacts
COMPENSATEor OFFSETresidualimpacts
Reduce carbon emissions
CONCEPT DESIGN

THECURRENTDEVELOPMENTPROCESS isrisky.
80%
ofinfrastructureprojectsare
delayed
50%
ofinfrastructureprojectsare
overbudget
20%
ofinfrastructureprojectsare
canceled
Only 20%
ofinfrastructureprojectsare
unaffected
bysocialandenvironmentalconflict

A BETTERDEVELOPMENTPROCESS
Ecosystemandclimatefactorsareconsideredin upstreamplanning.
Integratedsystems activelyleverageandstrengthennaturalinfrastructure.
ANTICIPATE&AVOIDrisksand impacts
MINIMIZEor REDUCErisksandimpacts
MITIGATEremainingrisks andimpacts
COMPENSATEor OFFSETresidualimpacts

Maintain and restore
forests on hillsides to
prevent soil erosion due
to increased rainfall
use wetlands to
protect communities
from flooding due to
increased heavy rains
maintain mangroves to
protect coastal
communities and
development from sea
level rise
Nature-based solutions for resilience

“Coastal habitats reduce wave heights
between 35 percent and 71 percent,
and often are less expensive than
coastal structures that provide similar
benefits”
As much as $250m in
annual flood reduction
benefits

Infrastructurebenefitsfromnature
• Decreased road or lane closures
during flood events.
• Reduced road pavement damage.
• Reduced damage to bridges.
• Reduced erosion of roadway
embankments.
• Decreased vulnerability to shoreline
retreat.

15
15
“…this study found that
(NBS) could avert more
than 40% of the future
coastal risk from the
combined impacts of
climate change, land
subsidence, and coastal
development. On
average, the BCRs of
(NBS) projects were
estimated at just above
3.5…”
- Source: US Army Corps of
Engineers (2021) International
Guidelines on Natural and Nature-
Based Features for Flood Risk
Management

Forests protect bridges by reducing soil erosion

3/16/2023
Baseline
2013 land
cover

3/16/2023
“Limited
conversion”
Some
deforestation
around roads and
population centers
Land use change
scenarios

3/16/2023
“More
conversion”
More
deforestation
around roads
and population
centers
Land use change
scenarios

From WWF 2017. Greening China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar

Natural capital and infrastructure
Impacts nature
Depends on nature

BUILDING WITH NATURE
Indonesia
Communities in Central Java are suffering from coastal
erosion affecting hundreds of kilometers of coastline
due to unsustainable development coupled with the
effects of climate change.

“Over 30 million people in Java are at risk.
Conventional interventions weren’t
successful. So we created a coalition that
would harness nature and the community to
heal and restore our environment.”
FEGI NURHABNI, MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES
Source: Building with Nature, www.wetlands.org

Source: One Architecture & Urbanism on behalf of Building with Nature Asia

● public private partnership
under leadership of the
Indonesian government,
Wetlands International and
Ecoshape.
● connect key stakeholders and
provide framework to share
international expertise and
local knowledge on
aquaculture, ecosystem
services, capacity building and
governance.
● Such interdisciplinary
collaboration has been
essential to the success of the
project.
Source: One Architecture & Urbanism on behalf of Building with Nature Asia Initiative

Community Engagement and Capacity building meetings
Photo: Kuswantaro, Wetlands International
Community Group Monitoring Exercise
Photo: Netherlands Enterprise Agency on behalf of Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Source: One Architecture & Urbanism on behalf of Building with Nature Asia Initiative

IBU KOTA NEGARA
Nusantara

KEY PLANNING
PRINCIPLES
8 PRINCIPLES THE DEFINE THE NUSANTARA DEVELOPMENT
DESIGNED ACCORDING
TO NATURE
UNITY IN DIVERSITY
CONNECTED ACTIVE
ACCESSIBLE
LOW CARBON EMISSIONS
CIRCULAR AND RESILIENT
SAFE AND ACCESSIBLE
SECURITY AND EFFICIENCY
THROUGH TECHNOLOGY
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
FOR ALL

“fragmenting large
expanses of intact
forest… landscape
connectivity across
the region will decline
sharply (from 89% to
55%) if all imminently
planned projects
proceed…particularly
large impacts on wide-
ranging, rare species
such as rhinoceros,
orangutans, and
elephants…developme
nts will impact 42
protected areas.”

Source: Implications of large-scale infrastructure development for biodiversity in Indonesian Borneo. 2022
Biodiversity impact estimation

DESIGNING A
CLIMATE
RESILIENT CITY
DESIGNED ACCORDING TO
NATURE
CIRCULAR AND RESILIENT
DESIGNING WITH
AND FOR NATURE
How can the city development and planning process enhance the
conservation and protection of ecosystem services
PRINCIPLE 1 PRINCIPLE 5
NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS
What will be make IKN truly sustainable and a best-in-class example?
ACHIEVING INDONESIA’S
SUSTAINABILITY GOALS

WWF: KEY
SUPPORT AREAS
Through this programme, WWF is collaboratively working with government
partners and key stakeholders through country offices in Indonesia, to improve and
guide regional, national, and subnational infrastructure and economic development
strategies and planning to meet the critical sustainability and resilience objectives
of the Paris Agreement and 2030 Agenda. At a high level, WWF aims to:
Conduct preliminary assessment of the landscape of stakeholders and
their associated capacities to identify in-country champions
Undertake collaborative and participatory spatial assessments of
natural capital and ecosystem services
Improve capacity for balancing nature-based solutions and engineered
approaches in landscape planning
Integrate results into project assessment and relevant government
mapping and data platforms

Thankyou