Defining the core elements in Urban Planning, the city's "spaces" and "mobility" are essential strategies in addressing urban sprawl and congestion. These is presented through the perspective of the indicators and sub-targets indicated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SDG 11.

1. EnP. Lemuel Manalo, MSERM
Environmental-Urban Planner, SDG 11 Advocate
SPACE & MOBILITY
Urban Planning through SDG 11

3. Flood in Pasig River, Metro Manila

4. INTRODUCTION
Developing cities are threatened by urban
sprawl and poor environmental planning brought
about urban and infrastructure development.
Urban Sprawl mainly refers to the unrestricted
growth in many urban areas of housing,
commercial development, and roads over large
expanses of land.
INTRODUCTION
About 45%
of Filipinos
live in urban
areas today
(World Bank, 2017)
Common Issues
► Pollution
► Car-Dependent Society
► Health Problems
► Urban Heat Island Effect
► Increased Cost of Living
► Decrease of greenery
and permeable surfaces
► High-risk of Contagion
Manila, Philippines

8. Target 11.1: Safe and affordable housing

9. Kowloon Walled City, Kowloon, Hong Kong

10. Cage & Coffin Homes in Hong Kong

11. Cage & Coffin Homes in Hong Kong

12. High Density Residential Project 3,000 row houses, Taytay, Philippines

13. Circular Village Layout at Copenhagen, Denmark by Landscape Architect Erik Mygind

14. Target 11. Inclusive urbanization and
participatory integrated planning

15. Placemaking with Children and Youth planning approach by Mara Mintzer

16. Target 11.7 provide universal access
to safe green and public spaces

17. By 2030, provide universal access to safe,
inclusive and accessible, green and public
spaces, in particular for women and children,
older persons and persons with disabilities
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOAL
(SDG) 11
Target 11.7: Provide access to safe and inclusive
green and public spaces
“Average share of built-up area of cities that is open
for public use for all, by sex, age and disabilities”
“Proportion of persons victim of physical or sexual
harassment, by sex, age ,disability status and place
of occurrences in the 12-months”
San Diego, USA

18. Standard 1: Green space proportionate to the number of
city inhabitants. To target 9 sq.m per person or 1 hectare
for 1,000 persons
Standard 2: Green space as percentage in urbanized
land area. Singapore and Cities in China allocate 18% of
urbanized areas to green spaces
International Standards for
Urban Green Space
Standard 3: Green space as accessible space to all
► By 2030, have accessible public parks or recreational open
spaces within half a kilometer of every resident.
► By 2030, meet WHO’s minimum requirement (9sqm/person)
► By 2030, achieve a tree canopy of at least 25% of the
urbanized land area
Tree-Row Areas in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

19. International Standards for Urban Green Space
Green space per person Green space per capita/individual
Only 0.5 per
person of open
spaces is required in
the HLURB-CLUP
guidelines

20. Green Space & Physical Distancing Standards
from the World Health Organization (WHO)
9 sq.m Green space per person
1 meter (4 sq.m) Physical Distancing
from person to person
1 m
2 m 2 m
4 sq.m
9 sq.m

21. Types of Open Spaces
Conservation
& Heritage
Areas
Public
Parklands &
Gardens
Utilities &
Services
Coastal Areas
& Beaches
Places that are publicly owned or of public use, accessible and enjoyable by all for free and without a profit
motive. On a broader sense, can include open environments such as streets, plazas, squares, gardens,
beaches, salvage zones, easements for water bodies and public utilities, NIPAS, disaster danger zones, etc.
Active Open
Spaces
From Public Parks, Open and Green Spaces: A Planning Development Guide

22. Benefits of Public, Green & Safe Spaces
Community
Health
Inspiration
Economy
Environment
• Improves livability to all citizens
• Connects and builds strong communities
• Reduces crime rates
• Increased citizen safety & comfort
• Provides alternative evacuation areas
• Access to exercises and physical
activities
• Prevent mental disorders, anxieties and
chronic diseases
• Minimizes stress and depression
• Increases good air-quality for respiration
• Provides spaces for required distances
• Inspires citizens to do excellent work
• Offers silent areas for thinking, studying reflecting
• Tourism and attraction
• Boosts commercial demand & amenities
• Supports local entrepreneurs
• Creates employment
• Improves property and land values
• Protects local biodiversity and
heritage value
• Reduces air and noise pollution
• Provides shade and cooling
• Reduces traffic
• Contributes to floodwater mitigation
• Urban ecosystem services

23. Private Owned Public Spaces (POPS) planning strategy. POPS example at 590 Madison Avenue, New York, USA

24. Target 11.5: Reduce the adverse
effects of natural disasters

26. An old earth-fill quarry site, Outland Adventure, Langub
Target 11.5 | Reduce the adverse effects of natural disasters

27. 1935 Aerial Photo of Poblacion & Sta.Ana, Davao Town
Davao City settled in
an area with large
network of riverine
and estuarine
wetlands connected
by creeks and
waterways.
Agdao Creek’s swamps
and marsh plains
divides the town proper
from the Sta. Ana Port
creating a large buffer
area of these
settlements.

30. Wetland extents from 1944 to 2021 has a 95 % decrease (77 years). 1944 to 2002 has an 82.08%
decrease in 58 years. Comparing 2002 and 2021, 71.07% decrease in 19 years.
Wetland Loss from 1944, 2002 to 2021 (in hectares)

31. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) sustain the natural hydrologic cycle even in built environment

32. Laudato Si Park, Ateneo de
Davao University
Amiya Residences Cafe Lagoon
Case Studies on Permeable Pavement & Sustainable Drainage Systems

33. Natural run-off detention & percolation

34. A Low-Impact Design (LID) Stormwater Flood Park, the Chulalongkorn Centenary Park, Bangkok, Thailand

35. Mangrove Forests covering Del Carmen Municipality, Siargao

36. Target 11.4 Protect the World’s Cultural
and Natural Heritage

37. Iloilo City protecting Heritage Sites such as City Parks and the Iloilo River

38. Target 11.B | Implement policies for inclusion,
resource efficiency and disaster risk reduction

39. Permeable Pavement as Urban Flood Mitigating alternative, Amiya-Kisan Lu, Davao City

40. Permeable paving system
• A design which consists of void
spaces that allow rainwater or
other components to percolate
underground
• Pavement assembly of various
materials such use of blocks,
bricks, rocks, stones, recycled and
other permeable medium
©2017 Angelus Block Co., Inc. and City of Melbourne Urban Water
Target 11.5 | Reduce the adverse effects of natural disasters

41. Target 11.2: Affordable and
sustainable transport systems

42. • In 1918, an influenza pandemic
infected 500 million, 27% of the
earth’s population.
• Considered to have been one of
the deadliest pandemics in
human history.
• Many towns and countries
promoted to use bicycles to get
around town, fast and safely
without much contagion
Case Study: Bicycles
vs. Influenza
Nurse from Christchurch,
New Zealand

43. Using a bicycle to commute means you can avoid crowded buses and other means of public transportation,
where a virus like COVID-19 can spread from human to human with absolute ease. It also means you are not
standing in line to take a jeepney, bus, MRT or PUV. Practices less contact with other human beings,
realistically reduces risk for contagion.

46. Drainage Holes
Loading/Unloading
Vehicles
Parked Vehicles
Utility Posts
Roadway Accidence & Obstacles

47. 1. Bicycle Lane Network Expansion
2. Barrier-Free Bicycle Lanes
3. Bicycle Lane Signage & Width
4. Well-lighted Bicycle Lanes
5. Bicycle By-Pass Path
6. Bicycle Yield Areas in Intersections
7. Public Bicycle Repair Station
8. Bicycle Racks
9. Bicycle Circuit/Network Plan
10. Urban Streetscapes, Greenery &
Walkability
Drainage Holes at
Torres Ave., Davao City
Bicycle By-Pass Path, Abreeza
Mobility Improvement Keys

48. Kyoto, Japan garnered 2nd in the World’s 10 Most Walkable Cities, known for its connected alleys, temples and train stations

49. Target 11.2 | provide sustainable transport systems for all, special attention to women, children,
persons with disabilities and older persons.

50. Target 11.2 | provide sustainable transport systems for all, special attention to women, children,
persons with disabilities and older persons.

51. Target 11.2 | provide sustainable transport systems for all, special attention to women, children,
persons with disabilities and older persons.

52. Tactile Pavement Network warning visually-impaired people at the train station in Sylvia Park, New Zealand

53. Effecient Urban Planning Strategies to enhance Space & Mobility
Tactical Urbanism Roads, “Stroads” & Streets Outdoor & Street Retails
● Urban planning and designing strategies promoting efficient usage of
public spaces, securing physical distancing and ventilation.

54. 15-Minute Cities or Neighborhoods
Urban to Rural Development
Smart City Systems
Urban Decentralization
● Urban planning strategies that promote decongestion,
accesibility, time-travel and efficient systems

55. CHECK YOUR CITY!
Shift to Clean Energy & Transportation
Design and Build Climate-Adaptive Infrastructure
Improve Sustainability of Urban Drainage
Harvest and Use Rainwater and Stormwater
Intensify Urban Gardening for Food Security
Aim for Zero Waste & Plastic-Free City
Preserve Urban Wetland Ecosystems
Ensure Safe Access for Citizens with Special Needs
Engage Citizen Participation in Planning & Governance
Attain Sufficient Urban Greenery & Forest Cover

56. EnP. Lemuel Manalo, MSERM
Environmental-Urban Planner, SDG 11 Advocate
SPACE & MOBILITY
Urban Planning through SDG 11