This presentation imparts intensive and extensive knowledge of the subject so that students can understand Materials science & Engineering. The discovery and use of new materials always opens the door for new technologies in the field of Engineering making human life better.

1. Application of Materials
Science in Engineering
By
Dr. Niva Nayak
Associate Professor
Dept. of Chemistry
Orissa Engineering College,
Bhubaneswar

2. Meaning of Engineering
Application of scientific, economic,
social and practical knowledge in
order to invent, design, build, maintain
and improve structures, machines,
devices, systems, materials and
processes.

3. Path to New Materials
 New materials have been among the
greatest achievements of every age
and they have been central to the
growth, prosperity, security, and
quality of life of humans since the
beginning of history.
 Phrases such as Stone Age, Bronze
Age, and Iron Age are great examples
basing on material selection of a given
era.

4. Stone Age Bronze Age Iron
Age
Stone tool Bronze tool & ornament Iron
tool
(Copper + Tin)

5. What is Materials Science
Materials science, also commonly
known as materials science and
engineering, is an interdisciplinary
field which deals with the discovery
and design of new materials.

6. Science of Materials

7. Structure
 Crystallography is the science that
examines the arrangement of atoms in
crystalline solids.
 Polymers display varying degrees of
crystallinity, and many are completely
non-crystalline.
 Glass, ceramics and many natural
materials are amorphous.

8. Properties
Materials exhibit a myriad of properties.
The important properties of materials are
as follows:
 Mechanical properties
 Chemical properties
 Electrical properties
 Thermal properties
 Optical properties
 Magnetic properties

9. Processing
Raw materials + Additives
Moulding
Welding
Desired product

10. Application/Performance of
materials science in different
areas
Materials Application Area/Field
Electrical and
Electronic materials
Computer chips,
Copper wire,
semiconductor ICs
Electrical Engineering
/Electronic and
Telecommunication
Engineering
Superconductor Integral Circuit Electrical Engineering
/Electronic and
Telecommunication
Engineering
Dielectric materials Capacitor Electrical Engineering
/Electronic and
Telecommunication
Engineering
Magnetic materials TV, Computer,
electric motors
Electrical Engineering
/Electronic and

11. Optical materials Optical fibre,
Sensor, Laser
Electrical /Electronic and
Telecommunication
Engineering
Polymers Insulators,
Adhesives,
Paints & Pigments
Electrical/Electronics/
Mechanical Engineering
Composites Engine
components
Mechanical Engineering
Ceramic Crucible, Furnace
lining
Mechanical Engineering
Nano phase Wide range
application
including drug
delivery system
Electrical/Electronics/
Mechanical Engineering
SMART
materials
Biomaterials,
sensors
Bio-Medical Engineering
Corrosion Electroplating, Mechanical Engineering

12. Materials science and
engineering deals with all aspects
of materials
 Extraction of materials from natural and
recycled resources
 Selection of appropriate materials for a
given application
 Study of the behavior of materials under
various conditions
 Manufacturing useful objects from raw
materials
 Assurance of quality of manufactured
products
 Research and development of new materials
and new ways to process them into useful
objects
 Analysis of the performance of materials in

13. New materials give birth to New
Technology
 Superconductivity applied in MRI
device
 Super alloy applied in turbine blades
of Jet engines
 Nanotechnology in wide range
application
 Conducting polymer applied Solar
cells.

14. Metal & Alloys
 Iron and Copper metals have been known
for a long time (since Bronze and Iron
Age)
 Steel, Stainless steel, cast iron, alloy steel
make up the largest proportion both by
quantity and commercial value.
 Alloys of Aluminium, Titanium and
Magnesium are valued for their high
strength-to-weight ratios and in the case
of magnesium, their ability to provide

15. Electronic, Optical and
Magnetic Materials
 Semiconductors, metals, and ceramics
are used today to form highly complex
systems, such as integrated electronic
circuits, optoelectronic devices, and
magnetic and optical mass storage
media.
 Semiconductors form the basis of the
traditional computer.

16. Super conductor
 A superconductor is a material that
can conduct electricity or transport
electrons from one atom to another
with no resistance.
 Josephson junctions used in Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI)
 powerful superconducting
electromanets

17. Dielectric Material
 A dielectric material (dielectric for
short) is an electrical insulator that can
be polarized by an applied electric
field.
 Examples include porcelain (ceramic),
mica, glass, plastics, and the oxides of
various metals
 Used for making capacitor

18. Polymers
 PVC used for artificial leather,
electrical insulation, packaging and
containers.
 Polyethylene(PE) is commonly used to
make disposable shopping bags and
trash bags
 Nylons, Terylenes for synthetic fibre
 PMMA for optical fibre

19. Ceramics and
glasses
 SiO2 (silica or sand) as a fundamental
building block
 Corning Gorilla Glass for Scratch
resistant
 Alumina, silicon carbide, and Tungsten
carbide for high temperature application

20. Composite
 Steel-reinforced concrete used for
making thermally insulative tiles used
as thermal protection system.
 Thermoplastic matrix made from
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
and calcium carbonate used for making
“plastic" casings of television sets, cell-
phones.

21. Biomaterials
 A biomaterial is any matter, surface, or
construct that interacts with biological
systems.
 The study of biomaterials is called
biomaterials science which encompasses
elements of medicine, biology, chemistry,
tissue engineering and materials science.
 Compressible stents for heart valve
 Ceramic cement for bone repair &hip implants
 Shape-memory alloys to correct misplaced
teeth

22. Nano materials
 Nanomaterials are described as materials
of which a single unit is sized (in at least
one dimension) between 1 and 100 nm
(10−9 meter).
 Materials with structure at the nanoscale
often have unique optical, electronic, or
mechanical properties.
 Nanomaterials research takes a materials
science-based approach to
Nanotechnology and finds its use in
making paints, pigments to the drug
delivery system.

23. Corrosion resistant
materials
 Corrosion is the gradual destruction
of materials (usually metals) by
chemical reaction with its
environment.
 Use of Stainless steel prevents
aqueous corrosion in seawater plants.
 Ag/AgCl electrode used in pH meter is
formed by electroplating.

24. SMART materials
 Shape memory Alloy
 Photochromic materials
 pH sensitive polymers
 Piezoelectric crystals

25. What do Materials Scientists
and Engineers do?
 Materials scientists and engineers work
with natural or synthetic materials and,
most often, with combinations of
materials, to improve existing products
or to develop novel products.
 Materials Science and Engineering
forms a bridge between the sciences
and engineering.