The document provides an overview of modernist architecture from the 19th to early 20th centuries. It discusses the industrialization, urbanization, and wars that led to new building types and materials. Key artistic and architectural movements are covered, including Impressionism, the Chicago School, the Bauhaus school, and Le Corbusier's five points of architecture. Important works highlighted include the Villa Savoye and Le Corbusier's capital complex in Chandigarh.

1. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
History of Architecture-II (AP-313)
Modernism
LECTURE 6
Nipesh P Narayanan
ImageSource:http://archikey.com/building/read/2763/Villa-Savoye/552/[ONLINE]

2. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
19th & 20th CENTURY - THE ERA OF – INDUSTRIALIZATION, URBANIZATION & WAR
• 1850 to 1877 – Population of Paris doubled
• Industrialization led Urbanization and massive building exercise
• New materials for building
• World War I (1914-18) & World War II (1939-45)
• World War II and End of Colonialism
• New Typologies – Railway Station, Department Store, Office, Apartment
towers, Factories, Dams and Airports…
• New Clients – Municipalities, cooperatives, institutions, social groups…

3. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
ÉDOUARD MANET OLYMPIA
ImageSource:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edouard_Manet_-_Olympia_-_Google_Art_Project_3.jpg[ONLINE]
1863

4. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CHARLES BAUDELAIRE PARIS SPLEEN
ImageSource:
http://cinosargomultimedia.bligoo.com/media/users/0/49205/images/public/9531/78238.jpg?v=1354092856039[ONLINE]
1869
“The crowd is not only the newest
asylum of outlaws; it is also the latest
narcotic of those abandoned. The
flaneur is someone abandoned in the
crowd. In this he shares the situation
of the commodity. He is not aware of
this special situation, but this does not
diminish its effect on him and it
permeates him blissfully like a narcotic
that can compensate him for many
humiliations. The intoxication to which
the flaneur surrenders is the
intoxication of the commodity around
which surges the stream of
customers”
~ Walter Benjamin

5. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
GUSTAVE CAILLEBOTTE LE PONT DE L'EUROPE
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caillebotte-PontdeL%27Europe-Geneva.jpg[ONLINE]
The Europe Bridge (1876)

6. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CLAUDE MONET MEN UNLOADING COAL
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monet_men_unloading_coal.jpg[ONLINE]
1875

7. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CLAUDE MONET SAINT LAZARE TRAIN STATION
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Claude_Monet_003.jpg[ONLINE]
1877

8. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
GEORGES SEURAT BATHERS IN ASNIÈRES
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Baigneurs_a_Asnieres.jpg[ONLINE]
1884

9. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND STEEL
Garabit viaduct, France, Gustave Eiffel (1882-84)
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Garabit.jpg[ONLINE]

10. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND STEEL
Forth Bridge, Scotland, Benjamin Baker (1890)
ImageSource:http://www.railtraveladventures.com/images/Gallery4-35%20Firth%20of%20Forth%20Br.jpg[ONLINE]

11. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION CHICAGO, 1893
ImageSource:http://www.posterplus.com/assets/images/PSP08855.jpg[ONLINE]

12. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION CHICAGO, 1893
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Auditorium_Building_Chicago_June_30,_2012-92.jpg[ONLINE]
Auditorium, Louis Sullivan & Dankmar Adler, 1886-89

13. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION CHICAGO, 1893
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Auditorium_Building14.jpg[ONLINE]
Auditorium, Louis Sullivan & Dankmar Adler, 1886-89

14. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
“As long as we are used to
proceeding by reasoning, as long
as we have a principle, any
compositional task is possible, if not
easy, and follows an orderly,
methodical path, the results of
which, though they may not be
masterpieces, are at the very
lest fine, acceptable pieces of work
that can have style"
~ Wugène Viollet-le-duc
Lectures on Architecture, 1881.
ImageSource:
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=lGpTAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U0xbLf7cL2pVNX5jk3Gcls
WYQ-FDQ&ci=1%2C3%2C994%2C1495&edge=0[ONLINE]
IDEOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE

15. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
IDEOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE
ImageSource:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Wien_PSK.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/061115_karlplatzBaltered.jpg[ONLINE]
Otto Wagner ‘In modern
Architecture (1896)’ advocates
utilitarian style, that was
free of historical references
& that transported the
rhythms of industrial
society of architecture.
1895
1903

16. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
IDEOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE
"It is the pervading law of all things organic and inorganic, of
all things physical and metaphysical, of all things human and
all things superhuman, of all true manifestations of the head,
of the heart, of the soul, that the life is recognizable in its
expression, that form ever follows function. This is the law.“
~ Louis Sullivan (1896). "The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered"

17. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan (1899)
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carsons_Pirie_Scott_%26_Co.jpg[ONLINE]

18. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan (1899)
ImageSource:http://interactive.wttw.com/sites/default/files/field/image/B7_a.jpg[ONLINE]

19. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan (1899)
ImageSource:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carson,_Pirie,_Scott_and_Company_Building_1_South_State_Street_entrance.jpg
[ONLINE]

20. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, Louis Sullivan (1899)
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2006-03-30_2240x1680_chicago_school_windows.jpg[ONLINE]

21. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CONCRETE
Rue Franklin Apartments, Paris, Auguste Perret (1902-04)
ImageSource:http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-
bin/gbi.cgi/Rue_Franklin_Apartments.html/cid_1027616292_rue_franklin_02.html[ONLINE]

22. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CONCRETE
Dom-ino House, Concept, Le Corbusier (1914-15)
ImageSource:http://betterarchitecture.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/domino-house.jpg[ONLINE]

23. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CONCRETE
Lycée Camille Sée, Paris, François Le Coeur (1933-34)
ImageSource:http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0044601
_1027616292_rue_franklin_02.html[ONLINE]

24. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
• Long Distance Travel
• Telegraph
• Increasingly accurate reproduction of Photographs (Beginning
1820s)

25. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
Crystal Palace, Photo: François Emile Zola, 1898
ImageSource:http://www.closeupfilmcentre.com/index.php/download_file/view_inline/1520/[ONLINE]

26. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wheeler_Hall--UC_Berkeley--Panoramic.jpg[ONLINE]
1898 "International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan for
the University of California,"
Emile Bénard won but John Galen Howard built

27. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSURE
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canberra_Prelim_Plan_by_WB_Griffin_1913.jpg[ONLINE]
The 1912 Competition to Design Canberra
Walter Burley Griffin won the competition

28. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
PETER BEHRENS AEG TURBINE FACTORY
1908-09
ImageSource:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/AEG_by_Peter_Behrens.jpgg[ONLINE]

29. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
PETER BEHRENS
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Le Corbusier
Walter Gropius

30. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
THE NEW OBJECTIVISM AND THE WEIMAR GERMANY
ImageSource:http://www.bdonline.co.uk/pictures/458xAny/7/9/1/1587791_The_English_House.jpg[ONLINE]
1904-05
Hermann Muthesius
Deutscher Werkbund (German
Association of Craftsmen)
Bauhaus

31. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
GERMAN WERKBUND AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF SOCIAL REFORM
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Karl-Marx-Hof_2009.jpg[ONLINE]
Karl Marx-Hof, Karl Ehn, Vienna, 1927-30

32. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
GERMAN WERKBUND AND THE 1914 COLOGNE EXHIBITION
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taut_Glass_Pavilion_exterior_1914.jpg[ONLINE]
Glass Pavilion , Bruno Julius Florian Taut, 1914

33. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
THE NEW OBJECTIVISM AND THE 1914 COLOGNE EXHIBITION
ImageSource:http://www.engramma.it/eOS/image/81/Anderson_81_5_gropiusDWB14model%20factory%20copy(1).jpg
[ONLINE]
Model Factory, Walter Gropius & Adolf Meyer, 1914

34. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
BAUHAUS
1919 to 1933
• Weimar - 1919 to 1925,
• Dessau - 1925 to 1932
• Berlin - 1932 to 1933
Walter Gropius - 1919 to 1928,
Hannes Meyer - 1928 to 1930
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe - 1930 until 1933
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BauhausType.jpg[ONLINE]

35. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL & DECORATIVE ARTS
ImageSource:http://lartnouveau.com/flash/diapo/grands/expo_1925.html[ONLINE]

36. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION 1925
ImageSource:http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/File:00les.jpg[ONLINE]
L'Esprit Nouveau Pavilion, Le Corbusier, 1925

37. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION 1925
ImageSource:http://cultblography.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/soviet-pavilion-melnikov-19251.jpeg[ONLINE]
USSR Pavilion, Konstantin Melnikov, 1925

38. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
VIRGINIA WOOLF TO THE LIGHTHOUSE
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ToTheLighthouse.jpg[ONLINE]
1927
"Yes, of course, if it's fine tomorrow," said Mrs
Ramsay. "But you'll have to be up with the lark," she
added. To her son these words conveyed an
extraordinary joy, as if it were settled, the expedition
were bound to take place, and the wonder to which
he had looked forward, for years and years it seemed,
was, after a night's darkness and a day's sail, within
touch. Since he belonged, even at the age of six, to
that great clan which cannot keep this feeling
separate from that, but must let future prospects,
with their joys and sorrows, cloud what is actually at
hand, since to such people even in earliest childhood
any turn in the wheel of sensation has the power to
crystallise and transfix the moment upon which its
gloom or radiance rests, James Ramsay, sitting on the
floor cutting out pictures from the illustrated
catalogue of the Army and Navy stores, endowed the
picture of a refrigerator, as his mother spoke, with
heavenly bliss. It was fringed with joy.”

39. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
CIAM CONGRÈS INTERNATIONAL D'ARCHITECTURE MODERNE – 1928-59
ImageSource:http://intern.strabrecht.nl/sectie/ckv/09/Internationaal/00.01_Eerste_CIAM-congres,_1928_groepsfoto.jpg
[ONLINE]

40. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER 5 POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toward_an_architecture.jpg[ONLINE]
•Pilotis
•Roof gardens
•The free designing of the ground plan
•The free design of façade
•The horizontal window

41. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER VILLA SAVOYE
ImageSource:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/VillaSavoye.jpg[ONLINE]
Paris , 1928-31

42. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER VILLA SAVOYE
ImageSource:http://static4.cornucopia3d.net/galleries/albums/userpics/24257/Villa%20Savoye.jpg[ONLINE]
Paris , 1928-31

43. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER VILLA SAVOYE
ImageSource:
http://www.socialdesignmagazine.com/site/cache/multithumb_thumbs/b_720_0_0_0___images_stories_users_Maria_Chiara_Vil
la_Savoye_villa_savoye_2d_zoom.jpg[ONLINE]
Paris , 1928-31

44. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER CAPITAL COMPLEX
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palace_of_Assembly_Chandigarh_2006.jpg[ONLINE]
Chandigarh , 1950s

45. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER CAPITAL COMPLEX
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palace_of_Assembly_Chandigarh_2006.jpg[ONLINE]
Chandigarh , 1950s

46. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LE CORBUSIER’s PARIS MODERNISM AND UTOPIA
ImageSource:http://www.mheu.org/portal/ressources/imageBank/3/979,L2-14-46.jpg[ONLINE]
1925

47. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
WALTER GROPIUS BAUHAUS
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bauhaus.JPG[ONLINE]
Dessau, 1925-26

48. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
WALTER GROPIUS BAUHAUS
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bauhaus-Dessau_Fensterfront.JPG[ONLINE]
Dessau, 1925-26

49. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE BARCELONA PAVILION
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Barcelona_Pavilion,_Barcelona,_2010.jpg[ONLINE]
Barcelona , 1929

50. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE BARCELONA PAVILION
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barcelona_mies_v_d_rohe_pavillon_weltausstellung1999_03.jpg[ONLINE]
Barcelona , 1929

51. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE BARCELONA PAVILION
ImageSource:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pavell%C3%B3_Mies_05.JPG[ONLINE]
Barcelona , 1929

52. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE SEAGRAM BUILDING
ImageSource:http://designkultur.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/mies_van_der_rohe_seagram_building_chicago2_jpg.jpg
[ONLINE]
Less is more, New York , 1958

53. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE SEAGRAM BUILDING
ImageSource:http://walkercorporatelaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/seagram1-800.jpg[ONLINE]
New York , 1958

54. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE SEAGRAM BUILDING
ImageSource:http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3374/3332976369_d90e9131e1.jpg[ONLINE]
New York , 1958

55. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) –Modernism
"God is dead“
~ Friedrich Nietzsche, 1882