The document summarizes key architectural structures from Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. It outlines the three main Greek architectural orders of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, as well as two Roman orders of Tuscan and Composite. It then provides details on major Greek temples including the Parthenon in Athens and Temple of Hephaestus, and Roman structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and Trajan's Column. The document serves as an overview of prominent architectural styles and buildings that exemplified Ancient Greek and Roman design.

1. The Ancient
Greek and Roman
Architecture

2. Greek orders
1. Doric order
2. Ionic order
3. Corinthian order
Roman orders
1. Tuscan order
2. Composite order

4. Construction started in 449
BC, and some scholars believe
the building not to have been
completed for some three
decades, funds and workers
having been redirected towards
the Parthenon. The western
frieze was completed between
445-440 BC, while the eastern
frieze, the western pediment
and several changes in the
building's interior are dated by
these scholars to 435-430
BC, largely on stylistic grounds.
It was only during the Peace of
Nicias (421-415 BC) that the
roof was completed and the
cult images were installed. The
temple was officially
inaugurated in 416-415 BC.
Temple of Hephaestus
DORICORDER

6. The Erechtheion – 570 BC

8. The Parthenon – 447 BC - 432 BC
A temple on the Athenian
Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the maiden
goddess Athena, whom the people of
Athens considered their patron deity. After
the Ottoman conquest, it was turned into a
mosque in the early 1460s. On 26 September
1687, an Ottoman ammunition dump inside
the building was ignited by Venetian
bombardment. The resulting explosion
severely damaged the Parthenon and its
sculptures.

10. The Parthenon in Nashville, Tennessee, USA is a full scale
and polychromed replica of the original Greek Parthenon.

11. Temple of Aphaea – 500 BC

13. Delphi
Apollo's sacred precinct in Delphi was a panhellenic sanctuary, where every four years, starting in
586 BC athletes from all over the Greek world competed in the Pythian Games, one of the four
panhellenic (or stephanitic) games, precursors of the Modern Olympics. The victors at Delphi
were presented with a laurel crown (stephanos) which was ceremonially cut from a tree by a boy
who re-enacted the slaying of the Python.

17. Temple of Olympian Zeus

18. Roman orders
1. Tuscan order
2. Composite order

19. Triumphal arches
Arch of Titus – 82 AD

20. Arch of Constantine – 315 AD

23. The Alcántara Bridge (also known as Puente Trajan at Alcantara) is a Roman stone
arch bridge built over the Tagus River at Alcantara, Spain between 104 and 106 AD by an
order of the Roman Emperor Trajan in 98.

24. Aqueduct of Segovia

26. Pont du Gard

28. Roman theatre
at Palmyra

29. Colosseum – 80 AD

30. Roman Forum
The Roman Forum is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several
important ancient government buildings at the centre of the city of Rome. Citizens
of the ancient city referred to this space, originally a marketplace, as the Forum
Magnum, or simply the Forum.

31. The Pantheon – 126 AD

32. The Pantheon (temple consecratedto all gods) is a
building in Rome, Italy, commissioned by Marcus
Agrippa during the reign of Augustus as a temple to
all the gods of ancient Rome, and rebuilt by the
emperor Hadrian about 126 AD.

33. Trajan's Column (Italian:
Colonna Traiana) is a Roman
triumphal column in Rome, Italy,
that commemorates Roman
emperor Trajan's victory in the
Dacian Wars. It was probably
constructed under the
supervision of the architect
Apollodorus of Damascus at the
order of the Roman Senate. It is
located in Trajan's Forum, built
near the Quirinal Hill, north of
the Roman Forum. Completed in
AD 113, the freestanding column
is most famous for its spiral bas
relief, which artistically describes
the epic wars between the
Romans and Dacians (101–102
and 105–106). Its design has
inspired numerous victory
columns, both ancient and
modern.