NCERT COMPONENT OF FOOD SCIENCE CHAPTER NO. 2

1. COMPONENTS OF
FOOD
NIDHI KAUSHIK
CLASS- 6
CHAPTER NO- 2

2. We eat different types of
vegetables, fruits, cereals and
pulses.
We all eat food to obtain
energy for our daily activities.
There are different
components of food and each
of these components is
required by our body to
perform different cellular
activities.

3. Food
Food is a basic
requirement for all
living organisms. It
provides energy for
carrying out normal
physiological activities.
There are different
components and they have
different nutrients. They
all come together to
provide wholesome
nourishment to us.
Dal, eggs,
meat etc
contain
proteins.
Fruits and
vegetables
contain
vitamins.
Cereals, pulses,
Oats contain
predominantly
carbohydrates.
Oil, ghee, butter,
cheese, pork,
chocolates, lard
and cream
contains fat.

5. SOURCES OF FOOD
WHEAT,RICE,MAIZE,BAJRA,
POTATOES
FRUITS: BANANA,PAPAYA,
MANGO,GRAPES
TYPES OF
CARBOHYDRATES
SUGARS STARCH

6. Test for Carbohydrates

7. Proteins are the
bodybuilding nutrients.
They are needed to build
every single part and organ
of the body.
They help in the growth and
repair of our body.
TWO TYPES OF SOURCES
PLANTS BASED
ALMONDS,
MOONG,
SOYA BEAN,
MAIZE
ANIMAL BASED
MEAT,
FISH,
EGGS,
MILK,
Eggs, Meat, Lentils
SOURCES OF FOOD

8. Test for Proteins

9. Fats are high energy nutrients.
They are needed in a
moderate amount by the body.
Fats are the reserved food
material of our body.
Fats are essential
for the absorption
of vitamins A, D, E
and K in the body.
SOURCES OF FAT
OIL
GHEE
NUTS

10. Test for Fats

11. VITAMINS:Vitamins are needed for the proper functioning
of our body.
They help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth,
and gums healthy.
There are 13 vitamins, each of which has a
specific function. Vitamins are of two types: fat-
soluble and water-soluble.
Fat-soluble vitamins Vitamins A, D, E, and K are
fat-soluble vitamins.
These are stored in the fat tissues of our body
and are used only when the body needs them.

12. Our body prepares vitamin D in the presence of
sunlight.
Water-soluble vitamins Vitamins Bl, B2, B3, B6,
B12, and folic acid (together known as vitamin B
complex) and vitamin C are water-soluble
vitamins.
Since water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the
body, these need to be regularly supplied
through food items like citrus fruits, spinach, and
other green leafy vegetables, etc.
Lack of vitamins in the body can cause deficiency
diseases.

13. MINERALS
Just like vitamins, minerals also help
our body to stay healthy.
Minerals perform important
functions like formation of bones,
teeth, and blood cells and helps in
maintaining a normal heartbeat.
Minerals are of two types:
macrominerals and trace minerals

14. While dietary fibres do not provide any such nutrition
to our bodies but nevertheless are an important
component of food.
They help in easy absorption of food, helps in
movement of bowel and prevents constipation.
It helps our body get rid of undigested food. Cereals,
fruits and vegetables are some of the roughage rich
foods.
Water: Water performs the essential function of
absorbing nutrients from our food. It also helps in
releasing waste from our body in form of sweat and
urine.
FIBRE

15. A balanced diet is one that contains a variety of food items
providing different types of nutrients in adequate amounts
necessary for maintaining good health.
The diet should contain a good amount of dietary fibre and water
as well.
A balanced diet includes a combination of protein-rich pulses,
sprouted seeds etc. with combinations of various flours and cereals
for carbohydrates and fats along with fruits and vegetables which
provide the necessary vitamins and minerals.In addition to making
sure that the right amount of food is eaten, it should also be
ensured that food is properly cooked so that it does not end up
Balanced Diet

16. Repeated washing of fruits, pulses, rice and vegetables can result in
the loss of essential vitamins and minerals.
Throwing away excess water which is used for cooking vegetables
can result in the loss of considerable amounts of important proteins
and minerals present in them.It’s a well-known fact that vitamin C
gets destroyed in the heat while cooking.
Obesity: Obesity is a medical condition that results from excess
intake of fat-rich foods. The excess fat gets accumulated to such an
extent that it starts negatively affecting one’s health, well-being and
the ability to carry out certain activities.
Balanced Diet

17. DEFICIENCY
DISEASES:
Lack of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, or
minerals in the diet can cause diseases.
Diseases that are caused due to the lack of
nutrients in the diet are called deficiency
diseases.
Deficiency diseases cannot be transmitted from
one person to another.

18. Deficiency of Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates are the main energy sources.
Lack of carbohydrates in the diet results in
lack of energy and stamina. A labourer who
does hard manual work needs more
carbohydrates in his diet than a person who
does his work sitting in his office.

19. Deficiency of Proteins:
Growing children need more proteins in their diet. Lack
of proteins in the diet weakens muscles.
Deficiency of proteins leads to a disease called
kwashiorkor .
Deficiency of proteins along with carbohydrate
deficiency is called Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). It
leads to marasmus.
These diseases are more common in children of rural
areas.

21. Deficiency
of
Vitamins:

22. Deficiency of Vitamins:

23. Deficiency
of
Minerals:

24. Water is very essential for proper functioning of our body.
Excess loss of water from the body leads to a condition
called dehydration.
Dehydration causes loss of salts and leads to weakness in
the body. Oral Rehydrating Solution (ORS) can be given to
the patient to recover from dehydration. It is available free of
cost at primary health centres. It can also be made at home
by mixing 8 teaspoons of sugar and 1 teaspoon of salt in 1
litre of clean, drinking water.

25. Exercise Questions
1. Name the major nutrients in our
food.
Solution:
Major Nutrients in our food are
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids,
Vitamins, Minerals and dietary fibers
2. Name the following:
(a) The nutrients which mainly give energy to our body.
(b) The nutrients that are needed for the growth and
maintenance of our body.
(c) A vitamin required for maintaining good eyesight.
(d) A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.
Solution:
a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins and minerals
c) Vitamin A
d) Calcium

26. Exercise Questions
3. Name two foods each rich in:
(a) Fats
(b) Starch
(c) Dietary fiber
(d) Protein
Solution:
a) Cream, Butter
b) Rice, Wheat
c) Whole grains, raw vegetables
d) Milk, Soya bean
4. Tick (√) the statements that are correct.
(a) By eating rice alone, we can fulfill nutritional
requirement of our body. ( )
(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a
balanced diet. ( )
(c) Balanced diet for the body should contain a
variety of food items. ( )
(d) Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to
the body. ( )
F
T
T
F

27. Exercise Questions
5. Fill in the blanks.
(a) ______________ is caused by deficiency of Vitamin D.
(b) Deficiency of ______________ causes a disease known as beri-beri.
(c) Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease known as ______________.
(d) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of ____________ in our food.
(a) Rickets is caused by deficiency of Vitamin D.
(b) Deficiency of Vitamin B1 causes a disease known as beri-beri.
(c) Deficiency of Vitamin C causes a disease known as Scurvy.
(d) Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin A in our food.