meaning of intelligence

1. INTELLIGENCE
By
Neelam Yadav
Research Scholor
INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION
BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY, JHANSI

2. Intelligence
Everyone is a genius.
But if you judge a
fish on its ability to
climb a tree it will
live its whole life
believing that it is
stupid.
- A Einstein

3. What is intelligence?
Intelligence is a
mental quality
consisting of the
ability to learn from
experience, solving
problems, and use
knowledge to adapt
to new situations.

4. Definitions of intelligence
Intelligence is a general adaptation to new
conditions and problems of life. - Stern
Intelligence is the ability to learn. - Bukingham
An individual is intelligence in proportion as he is
able to carry on abstract thinking. - Terman

5. Types of Intelligence
• Social Intelligence
• Abstract Intelligence
• Mechanical Intelligence
Social
Intelligence
Abstract
Intelligence
Mechanical
Intelligence

6. Factor Determining Intelligence
• Heredity
• Environment
• Heredity – Environment Interaction

7. Theories Of Intelligence
• Uni - Factor Theory
• Two - Factor Theory
• Multi - Factor Theory
• Group - Factor Theory
• Hierarchical Theory
• Three Dimentional Model
• Fluid – Crystallized Intelligence Theory
• Multiple Intelligence Theory
• Cognitive Development Theory
• Triarchic Theory

8. Uni or one factor theory of intelligence:
Alfred Binet
Binet’s theory of intelligence
was rather simple as it arose
from his interest in
differentiating more intelligent
from less intelligent
individuals . He, therefore,
conceptualized intelligence as
consisting of one similar set of
abilities which can be used for
solving any or every problem
in an individual’s
environment.

9. Two factor theory of intelligence:
spearman
• The two factor
theory of
intelligence was
proposed by Charles
Spearman (1927).
According to him,
intelligence consists
of general(g) and sp
ecific (s) factor.

10. Multi- factor theory of intelligence :
Thorndike
According to thorndike, intelligence is not a single
factor like genral intelligence rather it is a
combination of multiple factors.
These factors include:
(a) Abstract intelligence, (b) concrete ( technical)
intelligence, (c) social intelligence etc. Thorndike
states, each factor is an Independent element and
hence it is not possible to combine all these
elements.

11. Group factor Theory of intelligence:
Thurstone
• Louis Thurston came out with the group factor theory
saying that intelligence is a cluster of abilities.
• These mental operation then constitute a group.
• A second group of mental operation has its own unifying
primary factors; a third group has a third primary factory
and so on.
• Each of them has its own primary factor.
• Each of these primary factors is said to be relatively
independent of others.
• He pointed out that there were Seven Primary Mental
Abilities and later on added two more.

12. Cont….
Seven Primary Mental Abilities
Verbal fluency factor
Numerical factor
Perceptual speed factor
Inductive reasoning factor
Spatial visualization factor
Memory factor
Deductive Reasoning
Problem solving ability factor

13. Hierarchical Theory of Intelligence:
Philip Vernon
A hierarchical theory of
intelligence was developed by
P.E. Vernon (1969). The
highest level is a general
intellective factor (g), followed
by two major group factors-
Verbal-Edueational (V:ED)
and Practical-Mechanical
Spatial (K:M). Each of these
group factors is further broken
down into minor group factors.
Specific factors, peculiar to
certain tests, form the last
level. The theory synthesizes
the work of Spearman and
Thurstone, but gives central
importance to 'g'.