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1. Cognitve
Psycology
cognitive psycology is tha scientific
study of method processas
attention ,languuage , memory ,
perseption , solving problrms ,
creativity and reasoning.

2. 1. Sensory memory storage which store sensory information , in simple
it sore information taken by a sense like hearing, touching , visual
memory.
And after it information is filtered by giving attention . for example- we have to pay
attention on road while driving a car then important information is visual information. But
if we pay attention on stearing at the place of road then it is the chance of accedients.
where Attention is a behavioural and the cognitive process slectively concentrating on a
descrete aspect of information where considered subbjective or objective while ignoring
other perceivable information.
A ke function of attention is to identify irrelevent data and filter it out , enablinng
significant data to be distinguish to other mental procsses. So , attention is play important
role in working meory (short term memory)

3. 2. STM ( short term
memory)
• It i also known as working memory
• And after filtering the data is transfer to working
memory by which we an remember thiings as a ahorter
period of time
• for example - In our english exams a Comprehenson
reading , we have to remember the comprehenson for
answer the question asked from comprehenson for
shorter period of time .
• but it can’t differenciate the same prounciation word
with different spelings like kite , night , fight
• and also have problem to remember longer words if they
liston it first tiem like - incomprehensibilities.

4. long term memory
• Long-term memory refers to the
storage of information over an
extended period. If you can
remember something that
happened more than just a few
moments ago, whether it
occurred just hours ago or
decades earlier, then it is a long-
term memory.

6. The central executive
• The central executive is a flexible system
responsible for the control and regulation of
cognitive processes. It directs focus and
targets information, making working memory
and long-term memory work together.
• The central executive directs attention and
gives priority to particular activities. The
central executive is the most versatile and
important component of the working memory
system. Baddeley suggests that the central
executive acts more like a system which
controls attentional processes rather than as
a memory store.

8. • The central executive has two
main systems:
1. the visuo-spatial sketchpad,
for visual information,
2. and the phonological loop, for
verbal information.

9. The visuospatial sketchpad
• The visuospatial sketchpad is a
component of working memory
model which stores and processes
information in a visual or spatial
form. The visuospatial sketchpad is
used for navigation.
• The visuospatial sketchpad also
allows us to recreate images either
based on something we're seeing in
real time or something we've seen in
the past. If you're drawing a flower,
for example, you use the visuospatial
sketchpad to hold a picture of the
flower in your mind while you
reproduce it on paper.

10. The phonological loop
• The phonological loop comprises
a phonological store that is
dedicated to working memory
and that serves to temporarily
hold verbal information, and an
articulatory loop, through which
inner speech is used to
reactivate, or “refresh,” the
representations in the
phonological store.

11. Language
• Language is a communication
system that involves using words
and systematic rules to organize
those words to transmit
information from one individual
to another. While language is a
form of communication, not all
communication is language.

12. Perception
• Perception involves both the
physical senses (sight, smell,
hearing, taste, touch, and
proprioception) as well as the
cognitive processes involved in
interpreting those senses.
Essentially, it is how people
come to understand the world
around them through the
interpretation of stimuli.

13. Problem solving
• One of the fundamental human cognitive processes
is problem solving. As a higher-layer cognitive
process, problem solving interacts with many other
cognitive processes such as abstraction, searching,
learning, decision making, inference, analysis, and
synthesis information on the basis of internal
knowledge representation by the object–attribute-
relation (OAR) model.
• Problem solving is a cognitive process of the brain
that searches a solution for a given problem or
finds a path to reach a given goal. When a problem
object is identified, problem solving can be
perceived as a search process in the memory space
for finding a relationship between a set of solution
goals and a set of alternative paths.

14. Metacognition
• Metacognition, in a broad sense, is
the thoughts that a person has
about their own thoughts. More
specifically, metacognition includes
things like:
• How effective a person is at
monitoring their own performance
on a given task (self-regulation).
• A person’s understanding of their
capabilities on particular mental
tasks.

15. Visual imagery
• Visual imagery is a memory technique
that involves constructing mental images
when learning new information in order
to be able to better recall the information
later.
• Visualizing what you are reading can be a
simple way to remember information
because connecting information to
mental images and other senses can
make the information easier to recall.
• 'Painting a mental picture' is another way
to think about visual imagery.
• When reading try visualizing the story or
concepts in your mind and see if this
technique works for us