A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
The Development of Philosophy of Science
1. The Development of
Philosophy of Science
BY:
Masita Arianie
Mutiara Ayu
Rindu Handayani
Zelvia Liska Afriani
Astin Utari
Erik Pebri Karlepi
1November 16th, 2015 Group 3
2. The Development of Philosophy
of Science
A. The Ancient Greek Period
The most important period
MITOSENTRIS
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3. Some Philosophers in Ancient
Greek Period
1.Thales : The nature is derived from water.
2. Heracllitos : The basic of nature is fire.
3. Permenides : Things can be thought if those
are existence.
4. Socrates : Exposes about the relationship
between human physical and
spiritual.
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4. 5. Plato : There are four crucial things which
should be known
a. Human has a God as a creator.
b. God knows every single thing we do.
c. God can be known by negative ways.
d. God makes the rule of the world.
The phylosophy of Plato is known by “Idealism”
and his work :
Logic, epistimilogy, antropology, theology, ethic,
esthetic, politic, ontology
and nature philosophy.
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5. 6. Aristoteles
He argues Plato’s belief that every single thing
consists of two elements : hyle & morfe.
The systematic reasonings of Aristoteles
contribute a lot to the development of knowledge.
Such as :
- Substance -Quantity
- quality - Relation
- Place - Time
- Condition - Belonging to
- Deed - Pain
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6. MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
The character of the Medieval
Philosophy
The main features of the Middle Age
philosophy
The philosophers of that period
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7. THE MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
(c.A.D. 500 - c. 1350)
Medieval philosophy is the philosophy of Western
Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages,
roughly extending from the fall of the Roman Empire
to the Renaissance.
Medieval philosophy is defined partly by the
rediscovery and further development of classical
Greek and Hellenistic philosophy, and partly by the
need to address theological problems and to
integrate sacred doctrine with secular learning
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8. THE MAIN FEATURES
THEOCENTRISM - any philosophical problem is studied in the
context of God.
THEODICY (God and justice)- the study which explains the
contradiction of the idea of God as Absolute and the existence of
the world evil.
THEOLOGISM – everything around is determined by God and
eventually reaches its aim.
PERSONALISM – God is Absolute Personality, which served as a
sample for man creating.
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9. THE PHILOSOPHERS OF
MIDDLE AGE PERIOD
Muslim Philosophers
Alkindus, Alfarabi, Avicenna, Alhazen, Averroes
The Jewish Philosophers
Maimonides and Gersonides
The Christian Philoshopers
Anselm, Boethius, Roger Bacon, Thomas Aquinas,
William of Ockhman, and Jean Buridan
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10. THE ENLIGHTEMENT PERIOD
(14 – 15 C)
HELIOCENTRUM
COPERNICUS
GALILEI
GALILEO
HELIOCENTRISM
(COPERNICUS)
GEOCENTRISM
(CHURCH) 10November 16th, 2015 Group 3
11. Pre-Modern Era
(16th
Century)
Christian and Islam era was on the
downgrade.
Greek thoughts influence at this time:
rationalism, empirical, criticism.
Gerard Van Cromona copied Ibnu Sina’s
book, “The canon of medicine”.
Fransiscan Roger Bacon, followed
empirical and realism thoughts
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12. The cleavage in Christian catholic and
protestant
Modern philosopher stated that
knowledge did not come from holy book,
religion, possessor, but it comes from
themselves.
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14. MODERN AGE OF PHILOSOPHY
( 17 – 18c )
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15. THE PHILOSOPHERS
OF MODEREN AGE
The Father of Modern Age
“Rene Descartes (1596-1650)”
-Discours de la methode (uraian tentang metode )
-Mediationes de prima philosophia (renungan tentang
filsafat)
-Principia philosophic ( prinsip-prinsip filsafat )
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16. ENGLAND
J. LOCKE
( 1632-1704 )
FRENCH
JJ. ROUSSEAU
(1712-1778)
GERMANY
IMMANUEL KANT
( 1724-1804)
G. BERKELEY
(1632-1753)
D. HUME
( 1711-1776)
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17. Characteristics of M.A
RASIONALISME IDELOGY ( Rene Descartes )
- Scolastic
- Rasional
EMPIRISME IDELOGY (Bacon)
- Sensory system
- Experiences
CRITICISME IDELOGY
( Immanuel Kant )
- Combination
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18. Post Modern Philosophy
Post Modern Philosophy is a philosophical direction
which is critical of the foundational assumptions and
universalizing tendency of western philosophy. It
emphasizes the importance of power relationships,
personalization and discourse in the "construction" of
truth and world views.
Post Modern Philosophy is often particularly skeptical
about simple binary oppositions characteristic
of structualism , emphasizing the problem of the
philosopher cleanly distinguishing knowledge from
ignorance, social progress from reversion, dominance
from submission, good from bad, and presence from
absence.
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20. Post Modern Philosophy
Positive Ideology
Comte (1798-1857).
Theological.
Metaphysical.
Positive-Scientific
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21. Post Modern Philosophy
Pragmatic Ideology
William James (1842-1910)
Pragmatisme comes from the word
Pragma meant Use. Pragmatisme is an
ideology that whatever proves it by
pragmatically benefit effects.
He is specialist in art, psychology,
anatomy, physiology and philosophy
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22. Reference
Burhan, A. (2010). An Introduction to Philosophy
of Science. Universitas Sriwijaya: Palembang.
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