Lesson Four

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE
PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN
PERSON
Jan Pauline L. Gallego
August 31-September 2, 2020
Lesson 3. Origin of
Philosophy
Notre Dame of Tacurong College
Senior High School Department
City of Tacurong

2. Objectives:
Upon completing the lesson , students will
be able to:
Trace the roots of Philosophy.
 Compare and contrast the major sides of
philosophy.
Appreciate the history of philosophy in
unfolding man’s critical thinking.
Make a Venn diagram reflecting the
differences and similarities between
Western and Eastern Philosophy.

3. ORIGIN OF PHILOSOPHY
Wonder is
said to be
the
beginning
of
Philosoph

4. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
Really began in Ancient
Greece in about the 6th
Century B.C Thales of
Miletus is usually considered
the first proper philosopher,
although he was just as
concerned with natural
philosophy (what we now
call science) as with
philosophy as we know it.

5. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
 ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY
 Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century
BC and continued throughout the Hellenistic
period and the period in which Ancient Greece was
part of the Roman Empire.
 “What is the basic stuff/archae out of all things”?
 Thales(625-545 BC) – The Father of Philosophy.
 Thales is said to have declared the primary
substance is water. He held that the transformation of
this fundamental substance is the source of all living
things.
 Thus, central theme to this period is
COSMOCENTRIC.

6. HISTORY OF
PHILOSOPHY
 MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
 Medieval philosophy is the philosophy in the era
now known as medieval or the Middle Ages, the
period roughly extending from the fall of the Western
Roman Empire in the 5th century C.E. to the
Renaissance in the 16th century..
 “Does God exist”?
 St. Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–
1274) Theologian, Philosopher, Priest, Saint.
 "Five Ways" or "Five Proofs of existence
of God")
 Medieval philosophy is THEOCENTRIC in its
character.

7. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
 MODERN PHILOSOPHY
 Modern philosophy refers to the philosophy that
originated in Western Europe in the 17th century and
later spread to other parts of the world. Modern
philosophy began in the 17th century and ended in the
20th century.
 “Does man really exist”?
 René Descartes (1596—1650) is often credited
with being the “Father of Modern Philosophy.”.
 “Cogito, ergo sum or “I think, therefore I am.”
 Characteristically ANTHROPOCENTRIC.

8. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY,
Contemporary philosophy in western
philosophy, started at around the end of the
19th century with the rise of analytic and
continental philosophy.
The phrase "contemporary philosophy" is
many times confused with modern
philosophy,
Postmodern philosophy is a continental
philosophy which criticizes the modern
philosophy. This refers to the more recent

9. Very difficult to determine. (Unlike the
Ancient, Medieval, & Modern)
 No fixed or standardized structure, but
characterized by shifting of boundaries.
 Acc. to some philosophers, to determine
contemporary philosophy is a conceptual
violence.
 Characterized as the age of analysis:
the dominance of analytic philosophy.

10. The east and the west
(Differences)

11. WESTERN VS EASTERN
PHILOSOPHY
WESTERN
PHILOSOPHY
EASTERN
PHILOSOPHY
 Referred to as the
school of thought
from Greek
philosophy.
 Takes its roots from
Rome and
Christianity esp.
Judeo-Christianity.
 Latin in its roots
 Based mainly in Asia,
esp. Chinese
philosophy.
 Rooted from
Confucianism,
Mahayana Buddhism,
and Taoism.
 Classical Chinese

12. WESTERN VS EASTERN
PHILOSOPHY
WESTERN
PHILOSOPHY
EASTERN
PHILOSOPHY
 Believes that there
are laws that govern
the behaviour of the
universe.
 Individualism
 Finds the meaning of
life here and now with
Self at the center as
it is already given and
part of the divine.
 Believes the natural
world does not follow
laws.
 Collectivism
 Finds meaning in life
more into groups or
society or people’s
actions and thoughts

13. WESTERN VS EASTERN PHILOSOPHY
WESTERN
PHILOSOPHY
EASTERN
PHILOSOPHY
 Principle of
Individuality.
 Based on self-
dedication to be of
service to others.
 More of a hands-on
style as one focuses
on finding truth and
meaning.
 Principle of Unity.
 Unified-based
dedication to be of
service to others.
 More of a spiritual
style as one focuses
on finding truth and
meaning.

14. 14
The east and the west
(Similarities)
 Both Western and the Eastern approach
share a concept that a deeper understanding
of reality is possible than is normally available
in everyday experience.
 However, the approaches differs significantly
in the manners of developing than
understanding.
 Early Western and Eastern philosophies were
both influenced by the notion that there is a
Supreme Being who guides the humankind
and provides for all the created things.

15. The east and the west
(Similarities)
 They both believe in the concept of “God as
King of the universe”
 However, as time advances, the Western
philosophy has shifted its focus from the
existence of God as the main governing
body of the universe to the law of science as
predictor of all the events occurring in the
universe.
 The Eastern philosophy, on the other hand,
still puts great emphasis on the existence of a
Supreme Being although the concepts of

16. Activity
 Make a Venn diagram reflecting the
differences and similarities between Western
and Eastern Philosophy.
 Download the uploaded Activity Sheet
attached in this particular lesson.
 Once you have answered/completed the
paper, please upload or send it to me through
our NDTC-LMS or email me @
janpaulinegallego@gmail.com
 The filename of your output must be your
complete name.