Standards Across Anglophone Space The first part is concerned with the similarities and differences across the Englishes designated ‘standard’ in each of these three regions: Britain, North America and Australia. The second part is concerned with the similarities and differences across varieties of English within two of the regions, Britain and North America.

1. World Englishes
By Mustapha Mourchid

2. Global Englishes
B3: Standards Across Anglophone Space
Prepared by: Mustapha Mourchid

3. Let’s watch this video

4. Standards Across Anglophone Space
Section B3 is divided into 2 parts.
 The first part is concerned with the similarities and differences across the Englishes
designated ‘standard’ in each of these three regions: Britain, North America and
Australia.
 The second part is concerned with the similarities and differences across varieties
of English within two of the regions, Britain and North America.

5. I. Standard English Across Regions
According to many scholars, there are lots of similarities between
these three standard Englishes (British, American & Australian).
However, each of these has some specific features that
characterise it as being British, American or Australian

6. According to linguist David Crystal, the most noticeable
differences among these varieties are those of vocabulary.
The differences between British and American Englishes are
surely more than those between Britain and Australia.

7.  Scholars, when studying British and North
American English (US and Candian English),
have noticed that thousands of words either do
not exist at all in one variety or other, or have
completely or partially different meanings.

8. Professor Jennifer Jenkins provides two reasons for
this.
1. The early colonisers needed to name those items for
which they had no names. This could be done by means
of extending the meanings of existing English words,
creating new words (word coinage), or borrowing items
from the indigenous population.

9. Examples on the first reason

10. 2. Developments taking place since North American English
separted from British English have led to further divergences
between the two varities.

11. Examples on the second reason
‘’Car-related words’’

12. Standard British Englis vs US English
‘’Lexis’’
 According to P. Trudgill and Hannah, the differences between English English
and US English are divided into four main categories.
 1. Same word, different meaning
 2. Same word, additional meaning in one variety
 3. Same word, difference in style, connotation, frequency of use
 4. Same concept, or item, different word
English English, in Trudgill’s and Hannah’s terms, refers to Standard British English.

13. Category 1: Same word, different meaning

14. Category 2a: Additional meaning in USEng

15. Category 2b: Additional meaning in EngEng

16. Catgory 3: Same word, difference in style,
connotation, frequency of use

17. Category 4: Same concept or item, different
word

18. According to Jennifer Jenkins, category 1 (same word,
different meaning) has the greatest potential to cause
misconception, in that the difference in meaning may
never be appreciated and clarified, and thus the
misconception is more likely to remain unresolved.

19. Australian English vs English English
‘’Lexis’’
Having studied the differences between Australian
English and British English lexis, scholars have noticed
that these differences are few in number except at the
level of idiomatic language and slang.

20. Examples
‘’Trudgill & Hanna 2008’’

21. Examples of Australian English slang items that are not used In EngEng
(Elmes, Trudgill & Hannah)

22. Abbreviations in Australian English
One of the features of Australian English is the love
of abbreviations. All speakers of this variety tend to
shorten words, a process known as ‘clipping’.
The original word may no longer be known to most
speakers.

23. Examples

24. English English vs Australian English
‘Grammar’
Scholars have noticed that the grammatical differences between EngEng and
Australian English are few in number at the level of educated speech and
writing.
P. Trudgill and Hannah (2008) point out that it is impossible to tell (unless
there is a distinctive use of vocabulary) whether a text was written by an
Australian or British writer.

25. English English vs US English
‘Grammar’
There are lots of grammatical differences between EngEng and USEng.
Because of time constraints, we will only give some examples of the main
categories of difference.

26. 1- Verbs

27. 2- Nouns

28. 3- Adjectives and Adverbs

29. 4- Prepositions

30. II. Standard English and dialect
World Englishes scholars have noticed that non-standard Englishes (or ‘dialects’ as
they are called) have been stigmatised; in that they diverge from the variety
regarded as the standard.
However, P. Trudgill and Chambers regard the grammatical and lexical differences
in the regional and social varieties of English spoken by its native speakers as trivial:
[…Differences between these mainstream varieties may be regionally and socially diagnostic,
but they are generally linguistically rather trivial, and where not trivial, quite regular and
predictable…].
(Trudgill and Chambers 1991: 2)

31. 1- Varieties of English in Britain
(Non-standard varieties)
In a study conducted by linguist Stubbs, it has been shown that working class
speech in many regions of Britain differs morphosyntactically from Standard
British English in only a few ways.
Among these ways, linguist Stubbs cites the following ones:

34. 2- Varieties of English in North America
 Here are some of the main features that
are characteristic of vernaculars in the
north and south:

38. Which ‘English’ should you teach your students?
‘Linguist David Crystal’