This document discusses English as a lingua franca. It begins by defining lingua franca as a common language used for communication between speakers of different native languages. It then discusses how English has become the main global lingua franca due to factors like globalization and the internet. The document covers attitudes towards English as a lingua franca, how it is taught, and issues related to its use replacing native languages in some countries like difficulties becoming literate in either the native language or English. It concludes that the use of English as a lingua franca will likely continue increasing as a tool for global communication.

1. English as a lingua franca
Presentionby ;
• Muhammad Nasir Wazir
• +923139385138
• National Textile University, Faisalabad
• Pakistan
13 May 2017

2. Table of Contents
 Introduction
• What does lingua franca means?
• English as an international language
Development
• Describing English as multicultural
• Attitudes towards English as Lingua Franca
• Teaching of English as lingua franca
• English as lingua franca in Pakistan
Conclusion
• References and further reading13 May 2017

3. Introduction
What does lingua franca means?
The term lingua Franca was originally formed, by Arabic
„Lisan-al-farang, the Arabic speakers used it to
communicate with the European travelers
A lingua franca also known as a bridge language and
common language used to make communication possible
between people who do not share a native language in
particular when it is a third language, distinct from both
native languages.
The term lingua franca usually means “any lingual medium
of communication between people of different mother
tongues, for whom it is a second language.
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4. English as a lingua franca (ELF)
 English as a lingua franca is a “contact language” between
persons who share neither a common native tongue nor a
common culture, and for whom English is the chosen as
language of communication.
 ELF interactions are defined as interactions between
members of two or more different linguacultures in English,
for none of whom English is the mother tongue.
 The way English is used as a lingua franca is heavily
dependent on the specific situation of use.
 Speakers accommodate to each other's cultural
backgrounds and may also use a common language
understandable for both.
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5. Development
English as an international language
• Now a days, world has become the global village and
with the rise of internet, English language has got a
distinguish role in world communication.
• English has become the language of self-representation
and communication with peoples from all over the
globe.
• English is a language spoken throughout the world and
belongs to everybody and nobody can live without it.
• If one man wants to communicate with people outside
their local culture they would surely introduce
themselves in English
• There are many countries, where English Is used as
native language i.e european counteries.
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6. Attitude towards English as LF
Dr. Grundy(professor of linguistics at UB), when asked
about his preferred approach he said..
“As a parent I would want my children to have access to
the language that is the lingua franca of the world,
especially now when there are no more issues of it
being the language of imperialism or colonialism as
there once were.
But at the same time I would want to make sure that
my children are literate in their mother tongue as well.
I would go to a school where English is the medium of
instruction and at the same time they have a chance to
learn their family language as well.”
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7. Teaching of English as lingua franca
• In some European countries English is taught as a part of
content and language integral learning where you basically
learn subjects through the medium of English.
• Teaching starts in the first language but some proportion of
the curriculum is taught in English.
• it increases gradually and by the time students reach
university a large portion is being taught in English.
• The benefit of this system is that students develop bilingual
abilities as they go through the education system.
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8. • There has to be a balance.
• In counties where they introduce English too late
the students find it very difficult to become literates
in English.
• At the same time if you introduce it too early it is
difficult to become literate in your first language as
well as in English and the students end up being
literate in neither.
• Hong Kong is a classic example where a majority of
the people is not literate in either Cantonese or in
English.
• Pakistan masses too facing the same issues.
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9. English as a lingua franca in Pakistan
• Colonization played a vital role to sow the seeds of English
and even after the departure of colonizers it exists.
• The various assumptions put forwarded that English
language as a lingua franca is not endangering Urdu in
Pakistan.
• Urdu as our national identity and a binding agent
embracing all provinces in its lap.
• English is a hanging sword on our culture that has shaken
our national faith.
• English is helplessly trying to blur the face of Urdu for the
last sixty six years.
• As mostly people prefers Urdu as lingua franca in Pakistan.13 May 2017

10. Conclusion
 The demand of English as a lingua franca will increases and
continue possibly as more and more people use it their
basic global communicational tool.
 In most cases, it is a contact language between persons
who share neither a common native tongue nor a common
culture, and they prefer it as lingua franca.
 This shows just how deeply affected English has already
been through its unprecedented spread, and the unique
function it has as the world language.
 By passing of every year it is gaining popularity and gaining
attraction day by day.
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11. Conclusion
• So it has own potential to attract people and in many
different countries it become trend to speak English
especially.
• it has its own vital role to explore the world even if you
are surfing on internet you should have at least basic
knowledge of it.
• To get a global leadership you should have command
on English not only spoken as well as reading and
writing too.
• Hence English as a vital language for learning and
adopting for the purpose of the effective
communication to world.
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12. References and Further Reading
• Adolphs, Svenja. 2005. “’I don’t think I should learn all this.’ – A
Longitudinal View of Attitudes Towards ‘Native Speaker’ English.” In:
Gnutzmann, Claus; Intemann, Frauke.
• Björkman, Beyza. 2008. “'So where we are?' Spoken lingua franca
English at a technical university in Sweden.” English Today.
• Cogo, Allessia. 2008. “English as a Lingua Franca. Form follows
function.”
• Means of communication – English language ( Google net )
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13. References and Further Reading
• Breiteneder, Angelika. 2009. English as a lingua franca
in Europe. A natural development. Saarbrücken: VDM
Verlag Müller. [Print version of Breiteneder 2005.]
• English as foreign language ( Google net )
• Breiteneder, Angelika Maria. 2005. “Exploiting
redundancy in English as a European Lingua Franca”.
• English as a lingua franca- threat to Urdu ( Dawn news
article13 May 2017

14. 13 May 2017