2. Causes What
is it?
Effects
Crusades• tension between
Christianity and
Islam over the Holy
Land (Israel and
Jerusalem)
Holy wars
btwn 1000-
1200s
•Trade increases
between Europe
and Asia
•Began a
transition in
Europe form
Middle Ages
Renaissance
3. Causes What
is it?
Effects
Black Death
•Increase of trade
across Eurasia (Silk
Road, Commercial
Revolution)
•Empire expansion
by Mongols (war)
•25 million dead
•Production declined
•Collapse of
Feudalism
•Growth of urban
trade
4. Causes What is it? Effects
Mercantilism:
Encomienda System:
Columbian Exchange:
Triangular Trade/Middle
Passage:
Age of
Exploration
A period
beginning in
the 1400s of
European
exploration
of the world
“Discovery”
of the
Americas
•Desire to find cheaper
trade routes not under
Ottoman control
•Invention of…
•gun powder
•printing press better
navigation technology
(astrolabe, caravel)
•Led by Spain and Portugal
•Begins era of European
Domination
•Aztecs conquered by Cortes
•Incas conquered by Pizzaro
•Economic system to supply
resources and profit to benefit
mother country
•Social Structure in Spanish
colonies based on race/labor
•Exchange of new ideas and
goods btwn Americas and
Europe
•African Slaves Americas
goods/material to Europe
5. A European Age of Questioning
The Printing
Press
Renaissance Protestant
Reformation
Scientific
Revolution
• Invented by
Johann
Gutenberg
• Books made
more efficiently
=
• Cheaper books
=
• Spread of
knowledge and
ideas
• Begins in Italy
($$ from trade)
• “rebirth in Greco-
Roman Learning
=
• Golden Age of art
and culture in
Western Europe
• Inspired by
humanism
• Invention of
Printing press
+
• Corrupt church
(indulgences)
=
• Martin Luther
posts 95 Theses
• Leads to in
religious unity
across Europe
• Scientists
question
traditional
authority
• Use reason and
experimentation
• Galileo
(heliocentrism)
• Newton (gravity)
