Communication introduction, definition, types, purpose etc

1. Communication
and nurse patients
relationship
BY MONIKA PAL
NURSING TUTOR

2. INTRODUCTION
 Communication is a dynamic process that takes place around us all
the time infact we spend 70% of our time receivingand sending
message.
 Communication word derived from Latin word communicare , (
meaning share) ideas,fact, feeling, throughout, opinions and
information.
 MEANING
 Communication is simply the act of transferring informationfrom one
place to another one person to another person.

3. DEFINITION
 Communication is a process in which a message is transferred from
one person to another person through a suitable mediaand the
intended message is received and understood by the receiver.

4. PURPOSE
 To promote socialization.
 To gather informationfor purposes of assessment.
 To indulge in therapeutic interaction there by helping to minimise
anxiety, handle grif, clarify feelings,or work out the problem.
 Health teaching and coordinatingcare with other members of the
health care team.

5. LEVELS
 Extra personal communication
 Inter personal communication
 Intra personal communication
 Organisational communication
 Mass communications

6. EXTRA PERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
 The perfect coordination and understanding between human and
non human entities results to extra personal communication.
 In this communication one participant of the communication
process use sign language and the other is verbal.

7. INTER PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
 It involves2parties a sender and a receiverwho use common
language to transit message either through oral communicationor
writtencommunication.

8. INTRA PERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
 Intra personal communication is all about taking to ourselves.

9. ORGANISATIONAL
COMMUNICATION
 In a team based business organisation, communication, become it’s
lifebloodwhere people communicateswithone another.

10. MASS COMMUNICATION
 News paper, magazines, and periodicals,the means of mass
communication are frequently used for oral or written
communication.

11. ELEMENTS
These are sevenelements of communication

12. Source idea
 The source idea is the process by which one formulates an idea to
communicate to another party.the process can be influenced by
external stimulisuch as books or radio or it can come about
internally by thinking about a particular subject.

13. Message
 The message is what will be communicated toanother party.it is
based on the source Idea,but the message is crafted to meet the
needs of audience.
 For example=if the message is between2friends the message will
take a different from than if communicating with a superior.

14. Encoding
 Encoding is how the message is transmitted to another party.the
mediumof transmission willdetermine the form of the
communication.
 For example=the message will take a different form if the
communication will be spoken or written.

15. Channel
 The channel is the mediumof the communication,the channel must
be able to transmit the message from one party to another with
without changing the content of the message.
 The channel can be piece of paper a communication medium
such as radio,it can be an email.
 The channel is the path of the communication from sender to
receiver.

16. Receiver
 The receiveris the party receivingthe communication.
 Decoding= decoding is the process where the message is
interpretedfor it’s content.
 It also means the receiverthinks about the message is interpreted
for it’s content And internalize the message.
 Feedback= feedback is the final step in the communication
process.this step conveys to the transmitter that the message is
understood by the receiver.

17. FACTORS INFLUENCING
COMMUNICATION
 Development: it helps in modifying both the message and the
response.
 Gender: it is male and female devloped differently and so have
some difference communicates, evenin adulthood.
 Valves: the standard the influence behaviour there for personal
valve traits and experience do influence the perception of
communication and behaviour of others as wellas the response to
them.
 Perception: perception is a personal view of any situation, which is
effect, influence the perception and response to events.

18.  Attitude:attitude,caring, concern, intursted etc.they are portrayed
or betrayed by eithergood or bad mood.
 Roles: student/teacher, father-mother/son , doughter,roles etc.
 Relationship: relationshipthis is a similar role as the teacher/student
relationshipabove.
 The environment:the environment a comfortable surrounding with
controlledtemperature,and noise free etc.
 Congruences: congruence this refers to compatibility of verbal and
nonverbal message that they both match and not seen as giving
two or more different message.

19. METHOD OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
 Effectivecommunication is a essential for our professional and
personal developmentin nursing there is constant interaction with a
widevariety of people.the skills can be practised during everyday
contact with people.the various important factors related to
effectivecommunication etc.
 1 you and your spoken image= wouldyou not like to ensure your
spoken image to bright and clear as depicted.when you speak you
create a mental picture of your personality in the audience.that us
what is known as spoken image it refers to the impact you make on
the listeners eg, your friends colleagues, students, client etc.

20.  2 verbal communication and non verbal communications= people
send message in verbal and nonverbal modes,which are closely
bound together during interpersonal interaction. As we speak,we
express our selvesthough movement,tone of voice,facial
expressions and general appearance.
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION= verbal communication involves spoken
or writtenwords, words are tools or symbols used.to express ideas or
feeling,arouse, emotional, response,or describe object, observation
memories or inferences to make a message clear,the nurse uses
effectiveverbal communicationtechniques some of them are
discussed below.

21. Non verbal communication
 Nonverbal communicationrefers to an exchange of information
without the exchange of spoken words (facial expressions.body
language etc.
 Essential relationship= verbal communicationis always
accompanied by non verbal expression.even no expression tellsthe
other person something.

22. METHOD OF NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
 A. Rapport- the harmonious feeling experienced by two people
who hold one another in Mutual respect, acceptance, and
understanding.
 B. Empathy- empathy is that degree of understanding which allows
one person to experience how.anotherfeels in a particular situation.
 C.Body language- rememberthat action speak louder than words.
 D.silence – silence can be an extremely effectivecommunication
tools.
 E. Listening- as a patient speaks think about what he must be feeling
sometimes.as a listener.
 Facial expression,gestures,eye behaviour,walk,posture.

23. TECHNIQUES FOR
COMMUNICATION WITH PATIENTS
 A. Establishing the settings= provide comfortable environment.
 Established a relaxed, unhurried settings.
 Face the speaker and maintain eye contact.
 Providefor privacy.
 Avoid interruption and other distractioninfluence.
 B. Let the patient do the talking.
 Keep questions brief and simple.
 Use Language understandable.
 Ask one question at a time.
 Clarifying patients response to questions.

24. 1. C. Interviewing techniques= Reflection, restating, facilitation, open
ended questions, closed ended questions, silence,broad opening,
clarification.

25. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
 Practicing therapeuticcommunication is in many ways simply
developing a good bedside manner.when your patient asks you a
question or discuss somethingwithyou be careful to respond in a
helpful caring manner .
 PHASES OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION
 1 pre interaction phase.
 2 orientationand introductory phase.
 3 working phase.
 4 termination phase.

26. Critical element of effective
therapeutic communication
 Be able to decipher the patient message.get to know the patient
wellenough to discover the underlyingmeaning of his and her
communication.
 Be realisticin your relationship withpeople avoid making
assumptions or judgement about your patient behaviour.
 Be emotionallymature enough to postpone the satisfaction of your
own needs in defence to the patient.

27. Nursing interventions with patients
special communication
 Blind patients- always speak to the patient when you enter the room
so he will know who is there.
 Speak directly to the patient do not turn your back.
 Deaf patients- look directly at the patient when speaking withhim/
her.
 Do not coveryour mouth when speaking because the patient may
be reading lips.
 Patient speaking a foreign language- Obtain a translator if possible
the red cross or the patient administration divisionmay be of
assistance.
 Consider using charts withpictures.