Cohesive Devices

2. • Combine Chicken and Marinade ingredients in a bowl. Marinate for at least 20
minutes, or up to overnight.
• Heat 1 tbsp oil in a skillet over high heat. Remove chicken from marinade
(reserve marinade) and place in the pan. Sear both sides until browned –
about 1 minute on each side. Do not cook the chicken all the way through.
• Remove chicken skillet and set aside.
• Heat the remaining oil in skillet. Add garlic and onion, cook 1 1/2 minutes.
• Add the reserved marinade, water, sugar and black pepper. Bring it to a
simmer then turn heat down to medium high. Simmer 5 minutes.
• Add chicken smooth side down. Simmer uncovered for 20 to 25 minutes (no
need to stir), turning chicken at around 15 minutes, until the sauce reduces
down to a thick jam-like syrup.
• If the sauce isn't thick enough, remove chicken onto a plate and let the sauce
simmer by itself - it will thicken much quicker - then return chicken to the
skillet to coat in the glaze.
• Coat chicken in glaze then serve over rice. Pictured in post as a healthy dinner
plate (415 calories) with cauliflower rice and Ginger Smashed Cucumbers.

4. Combine Chicken and Marinade ingredients in a
bowl. Marinate for at least 20 minutes, or up to
overnight. Heat 1 tbsp oil in a skillet over high heat.
Remove chicken from marinade (reserve marinade)
and place in the pan. Sear both sides until browned –
about 1 minute on each side. Do not cook the
chicken all the way through. Remove chicken skillet
and set aside.
Heat the remaining oil in skillet. Add garlic and
onion, cook 1 1/2 minutes.
Add the reserved marinade, water, sugar and black
pepper. Bring it to a simmer then turn heat down to
medium high. Simmer 5 minutes.
Add chicken smooth side down. Simmer uncovered
for 20 to 25 minutes (no need to stir), turning
chicken at around 15 minutes, until the sauce
reduces down to a thick jam-like syrup.
If the sauce isn't thick enough, remove chicken onto
a plate and let the sauce simmer by itself - it will
thicken much quicker - then return chicken to the
skillet to coat in the glaze.
Coat chicken in glaze then serve over rice. Pictured in
post as a healthy dinner plate (415 calories) with
cauliflower rice and Ginger Smashed Cucumbers.

5. Let’s rewrite the instruction cohesively.
•First combine chicken and marinade ingredients in a bowl then marinate for at least 20
minutes, or up to overnight.
•After marinating heat 1 tbsp oil in a skillet over high heat. Remove chicken from
marinade (reserve marinade) and place in the pan. Sear both sides until browned – about
1 minute on each side. As soon as the chicken turned brown remove from heat then set
aside.
•Now heat the remaining oil in skillet. Add garlic and onion, cook 1 1/2 minutes.
•Gradually add the reserved marinade, water, sugar and black pepper. Bring it to a
simmer then turn heat down to medium high. Simmer 5 minutes.
•Add chicken smooth side down. Simmer uncovered for 20 to 25 minutes (no need to
stir), turning chicken at around 15 minutes, until the sauce reduces down to a thick jam-
like syrup.
•If the sauce isn't thick enough, remove chicken onto a plate and let the sauce simmer by
itself - it will thicken much quicker - then return chicken to the skillet to coat in the
glaze.
•Finally Coat chicken in glaze then serve over rice.

6. COHESIVE
DEVICES
Caselyn G. Alcantara

7. Cohesion
•Is how well parts of
your text (words,
sentences, paragraph)
fit together.
•It is important to be
able to get your point
across clearly.
• Paragraph coherence is achieved when sentences are arranged
logically and when clear transitions link sentences.

8. Cohesive
Devices
•commonly known as
Transitional words are
words or phrases that
show the relationship/
connect ideas between
paragraphs or sections
of a text or speech.

9. Cohesive
Devices
•Transitions are used by the
author to help the reader
progress from one
significant idea to the next.
Also, transitions also show
the relationship within a
paragraph (or within a
sentence) between the
main ideas and the support
the author gives for those
ideas.

10. Group of Transitional
Words

11. Additive Transitions:
• These show addition, introduction, similarity to other ideas
To Indicate addition
also, and, moreover, furthermore, moreover, as well as, too,
actually, in addition to this, besides, alternatively, on the other
hand, not to mention this, additionally, in fact, as a matter of
fact, actually, not only but also
Example:
SFNHS offers junior high school as well as senior high school.
In addition not only SPICT is included in their curriculum but
also SPA.

13. Additive Transitions:
•These show addition, introduction, similarity to other ideas
To Signal Introduction
as, such as, particularly, including, for example, for instance,
like, especially, in particular, to illustrate, as an illustration, by
way of example
• Many schools in San Antonio started their f2f classes
particularly SFNHS, SMNHS, DJLSH, and SBNHS.
• Student are having a hard time learning at home, especially
to those who do not have the means.

14. Additive Transitions:
•These show addition, introduction, similarity to other ideas
To Signa Comparison/Similarity
similarly, in the same way, by the same token,
in a like manner, equally, likewise
• Flu symptoms include fever, colds, loss of small
and taste similar to Covid 19.
• Teachers are still adapting to the changes in
education, likewise to students.

15. Additive Transitions:
•These show addition, introduction, similarity to other ideas
To indicate Reference
speaking about (this), considering (this), regarding
(this), with regard to (this), as for (this), concerning
(this),the fact that, on the subject of (this)
• The fact that F2F is happening, DEPED is still looking
for possible solutions to offer quality education.
• Parents will protect their children by any means,
regarding this matter all parents must protect
children about ignorance.

16. Additive Transitions:
•These show addition, introduction, similarity to other ideas
To provide Example
For example, for instance, similarly, just the same way,
to illustrate, to be specific, such as, moreover,
furthermore
• Learning the English Language has many advantages
for example, communicating to different parts of the
world and can work outside the country.
• Everyone can protect themselves on covid, such as
wearing mask, social distancing, and taking vitamins.

17. Opposing Transitions:
These transitions are used to signal conflict, contradiction
concession, dismissal.
To signal Contrast
But, by way of contrast, while, on the other hand,
however, (and) yet, whereas, though (final position), in
contrast, when in fact, conversely, still, in spite, ironically,
strangely enough
• In Sy 2021-2022 SFNHS has around 1500 students,
however in the SY 2019-2020 SFNHS had 1200 students.
•

18. Opposing Transitions:
These transitions are used to signal conflict, contradiction
concession, dismissal.
To indicate Emphasis
even more, above all, indeed, more importantly, besides
These salads are delicious besides being healthy.

19. Opposing Transitions:
These transitions are used to signal conflict, contradiction
concession, dismissal.
To signal Removal/Dismissal
either way, whichever happens, in either event, in any
case, at any rate, in either case, whatever happens, all the
same in any event
I’m not sure if I will take the bus or train, but ither way I
will be there at 7:00 pm.

20. These transitions signal cause/effect and
reason/result

21. To signify Cause/Reason
or the (simple) reason that, being that, for, in view of (the
fact), in as much as, because (of the fact), seeing that, as,
owing to (the fact), due to (the fact that), in that since,
forasmuch as
I have been studying English ever since because I want to
communicate to other nation.

22. To show Effect
as a result (of this), consequently, hence, for this reason,
thus, because (of this), in consequence, so that,
accordingly, as a consequence, so much (so) that, so,
therefore,
Sheena studied for her exam, as a result, she passed.

23. To signal Purpose
for the purpose of, in the hope that, for fear that, so
that, with this intention, to the end that, in order to,
lest with this in mind, in order that, so as to, so
She practices martial arts so that she’ll be safe all
the time.

24. To indicate Consequences
under those circumstances, then, in that case, if not,
that being the case, if so, otherwise
Filipinos should be vigilant all the time if not, their
lives would be in danger if there is a calamity.

25. Sequential Transitions
Are used to signal chronological or logical sequence

26. To order Sequence/Order
in the (first, second, etc.) place, initially, to start
with, first of all, thirdly, as soon as, hence, in the
end, to begin with, at first, for a start, secondly,
gradually

27. To indicate Time
Next, Finally, afterwards, later, lastly, now, then,
subsequently, meanwhile, in the meantime, on the
following day

28. To Summarize
as was previously stated, so, consequently, in
summary, all in all, thus, as I have said, to sum up,
overall, as has been mentioned, then, to summarize,
to be brief, briefly, given these points in all, on the
whole, therefore, as has been noted, in conclusion,
in a word, to put it briefly, in sum, altogether, in
short,

29. Check if the sentences use correct cohesive
devices. If correct, put check, if not put x.
_____ 1. Queen can speak English fluently as well as
French.
_____ 2. Rachel enjoyed the movie. Lastly, she still
preferred the version in the book.
_____ 3. My mother is preparing our lunch. Meanwhile,
my father is cleaning our car.
_____ 4. As soon as I finish my homework, I will watch my
favorite Kdrama.
_____ 5. The richest man in town has a lot of money.
Although, he does not feel happy.

30. Check if the sentences use correct cohesive
devices. If correct, put check, if not put x.
_____ 6. Above all, discipline will help us survive this
pandemic.
_____ 7. First, you have to choose a topic that interest
you most.
_____ 8. In conclusion, following the prescribed health
and safety protocol will flatten the curve.
_____ 9. The hotel where our family stayed is above to a
famous shopping mall.
_____ 10. Tracy needs to clean her room. Otherwise, she
cannot go out with her friends.

31. Answer
1. / 6. /
2. x 7. /
3. / 8. /
4. / 9. x
5. x 10. /

32. Combine the following pairs of sentences to form a sentence.
Use appropriate cohesive device inside the box.
1. The children washed their hands.
They finished baking.
2. Keena reads her favorite book. She
waits for her friend to arrive.
3. Jenny listened to her favorite song.
She went to bed.
4. Alfred forgot to bring his umbrella. He
was soaked in the rain.
5. Arnette enjoys singing. She does not
like dancing.
• Unless
• Likewise
• Therefore
• While
• On the
other hand
• Before
• When

33. 6. Filipinos must observe health
protocols. They need to practice self-
discipline.
7. Joey spent too much time watching
television. He forgot to accomplish his
modules.
8. Kazy loves to write poems. She also
composes songs.
9. Sally failed the exam. He studied very
hard.
10. Rose worked hard. She finished her
studies.
• In addition
• Unless
• Although
• Likewise
• Furthermor
e
• As a result
• In the end

34. 1. When
2. While
3. Before
4. Therefore
5. On the other hand
6. Furthermore
7. As a result
8. In addition
9. Although
10. In the end

35. Read each sentence carefully and choose the correct cohesive device in the
parenthesis. (QUIZ)
1. Luisa had been studying for hours. ____________, she got all the
correct answers in the quiz. (As a result, On the other hand, Above
all)
2. The idea of Alvin was innovative and exceptional __________
the other suggestion provided. (therefore, unlike, however)
3. Diet and exercise will help you lose weight. ____________, it is
good for your health. (Therefore, For instance, Nonetheless)
4. Mark was sad ___________ his team lost the dance competition.
(meanwhile, because, however)
5. My sister has a lot of hobbies _____________ painting, dancing,
singing, and writing. (in addition, such as, to sum up)

36. 6. I visited the library to borrow some books needed in my
research. ____________, I went to the canteen to buy some
snacks. (Afterwards, Although, As well as)
7. Our teacher is presenting the lesson. __________, our
classmates are listening attentively. (Meanwhile, Otherwise,
However)
8. Most of the guest in the party were ____________
dressed. (otherwise, similarly, finally)
9. My brother was feeling very tired. _________________, he
still went to work early. (However, In short, Before)
10. Karen enjoys playing the piano. _________________, she
composes her own songs. (To sum up, In addition, In
contrast)

37. 1. As a result
2. Unlike
3. Therefore
4. Because
5. Such As
6. Afterwards
7. Meanwhile
8. Similarly
9. However
10. In Addition

38. Using Appropriate
Grammatical Signals or
Expressions to Each Pattern
of Idea Development

39. • you will learn about idea development, its patterns, and appropriate
grammatical signals.

40. IDEA DEVELOPMENT
•This is done by organizing ideas in a logical and
clear manner that suits the writer’s purpose.
•To achieve this, it is necessary to use appropriate
grammatical signals or expressions.

41. Grammatical signals
• are writing devices such as transitional devices, connectors,
determiners, and repetitions that are used to maintain text
coherence.
• Coherence establishes a logical connection between ideas in
sentences and paragraphs.
• These ideas can be developed through different patterns
depending on the writer’s purpose.

42. PATTERN OF IDEA DEVELOPMENT
•refers to the structure of writing on how the ideas are
being presented.
•These are the general to particular, cause and effect,
claim-counterclaim, problem-solution, and persuasion.
Let us explore them and their appropriate grammatical
signals.

43. PATTERN OF IDEA DEVELOPMENT
•general to particular
•cause and effect
•claim-counterclaim
•problem-solution
•persuasion.

44. A. General to Particular
•This pattern of idea development discusses the
general topic by presenting specific details that
support the topic.
•The writer starts with the general idea stated in the
topic sentence.
•Then, it is elaborated and explained through specific
details and examples.
•In other words, general to particular pattern is a
deductive method of organization.

46. Clouds can be classified into three major groups. High
clouds are a group of clouds that are 5-13 km. away from
the Earth’s surface. Examples of these clouds are known as
Cirrus, Cirrostratus, and Cirrocumulus. Middle clouds are
another group of clouds that are 2-7 km. away from the
Earth’s surface. Examples of middle clouds are Altocumulus
and Altostratus. Low clouds are the last group of clouds.
They are 2 km. away from the Earth’s surface. Specifically,
these clouds are the Stratus, Stratocumulus, and
Nimbostratus. With these being said, these clouds are
grouped according to their distance from the Earth’s surface.
General
Idea
Specific
Details

47. These are the other grammatical signals that can
be used for general to particular pattern of idea
development:
•also, for example, as an example, in addition, in
addition to, for instance, examples of these, first,
second, third, next, on one hand, and on the other
hand.

48. B. Cause and Effect
•Cause and effect describes or discusses an event/
action that is caused by another event/action.
• There may be a single cause and effect or several
causes with several effects.
•Answers the Questions
√“Why did this happen?
V "What were the results of a particular event?"

49. B. Cause and Effect
• This pattern of idea development explains the causes
or the effects of something.
• When a writer presents reasons, he or she is explaining
the causes.
• When a writer explains the results, he or she is
explaining the effects.

50. • Regular exercise brings many benefits to your health. First, it
improves blood circulation and can result to a strong heart.
Because of these, it reduces the risk of heart disease, high
cholesterol, and diabetes.
• When you exercise, your bones and muscles will be strengthened
which can slow down the loss of bone density that comes when
you age. As a result, it can help you maintain or increase your
muscle mass and strength.
• Also, regular exercise improves your mental health and mood.
During an exercise, your body releases chemicals that can
improve your mood and make you feel more relaxed. As an
effect, it can help you deal with stress and reduce your risk of
depression. These are the benefits that you get when you
exercise.

51. • These are the other grammatical signals that can be used for cause and
effect pattern of idea development:
• Cause: if, for, since, due to, because, owing to, because of, one cause,
and resulting from
• Effect: so, thus, hence, then, therefore, as a result, in effect, as
consequence, consequently, leads to, one of the effects is, and that is
why

52. C. Claim and Counterclaim
• -is a method of developing a paragraph or a longer composition by stating
(sommeone else's) claim, by stating your (the writer's) counterclaim and by
following the countercIaim with reasons or evidences to support the said
counterclaim.
CIaim- is a statement or declaration of belief, stance, or o opinion. It is an arguable
idea used to support or prove an argument
-A claim tells what you think is true about a topic based on your
knowledge a and your research.
CountercIaim- is just the opposite of a claim. It is an idea that opposes or is
against a claim.
• -is a statement that provides data a to explain why and/ or how a claim is v valid
• - Counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence.
• Reasons and evidence are important in this because they support and explain the
validity of an argument.

53. C. Claim and Counterclaim
•This pattern of idea development refers to the structure
of presenting a side of an issue in an argumentative
manner.
•A claim is the writer’s stand on a topic supported by
evidences and logical reasoning.
•Also, the writer presents the counterclaim or the
opposite stand of an issue to disprove it through
evidences and logical reasoning.

54. People believe that rock music can make teenagers
rebellious because of its lyrics but, I don’t think it is
enough to make them go against society. They say rock
music concentrates mostly on antisocial subjects which
influence teenagers’ view toward society. However, a
study shows that an average teenager would not take the
music seriously, for he or she concentrates more on the
musical value of the song rather than the inner meaning
of the lyrics. Thus, even though the lyrics in rock music
show social rebellion, it does not make teenagers rebel
against society.

55. • Here are the other transitional devices that can be used
for claim-counterclaim pattern of idea development:
• however, nevertheless, on one hand, on the other hand,
admittedly, some people say, some may say, of course,
nevertheless, and but not only that.

56. D. Problem-Solution
• the text presents a significant problem and explains it in detail.
Then, a possible
• solution is suggested. S Sometimes, only the problem is
presented because there is no solution.
• Answers the Questions
• “What is the problem?”
• √“What is s a possible solution?”

57. D. Problem-Solution
• This pattern of idea development is used when a writer
identifies a problem and addresses it by presenting one or
more solutions.
• A problem refers to the unsatisfactory situation that causes
troubles or difficulties.
• A solution on the other hand, refers to the ways in solving or
minimizing the problem.

58. Drug abuse is one of the leading social issues in many
countries. This problem has been the cause of many crimes
and health concerns. However, the threat of prohibited drugs
can be fought. One way to solve this is through education.
Everyone needs to be educated about the dangers of using
prohibited drugs. People need to be aware of the harmful
effects of these drugs to their health, family, career, and
society. Another solution is to increase police manpower and
create effective laws to stop dealers. If the authorities will
strictly impose these laws, this problem will be addressed.
Drug abuse is a threat, but if the community and the
government will act together, this problem will be controlled.

59. • Here are the grammatical signals to be used
for problem-solution pattern of idea
development:
• because, cause, since, as a result, in order to,
and so that, as a solution, and one way.

60. E. Persuasion
•This pattern of idea development intends to convince
the readers to do or believe in something.
•It allows the writer to express his or her personal
viewpoints about a topic to convince the readers.
•This pattern of idea development is based on opinions
and emotions.

61. A school bazaar is something you don’t want
to miss! Aside from the wonderful experience,
attending it is truly a great help. First, a school
bazaar is filled with fun activities. There are
amusing games, great rides, and entertaining
attractions! Besides that, your ticket purchase will
help the school. Not only that, but it also gives
you a chance to win fabulous prizes. So, what are
you waiting for? Join now and experience the fun!

62. • Here are some of the other grammatical signals
and expressions of persuasion:
• come, free, need, must, must not, necessary, latest,
hurry, join, help, best, better, great, proven, trusted,
create, come along, urgent, amazing experience,
avail now, I believe, I urge, don't miss, can do it,
and one of a kind.

63. Activity 2. Identifying the Pattern
To develop the following statements, identify the
suitable pattern of idea development to be used.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Having a good study habit can greatly contribute
to a person’s academic success.
Suitable Pattern: _______________________
2. Germs can be classified into several types.
Suitable Pattern: _______________________

64. Activity 2. Identifying the Pattern
3. Despite its contribution to the economy, cigarettes
should still be banned for they pose as a threat to
people’s health.
Suitable Pattern: ______________________________
4. Swimming is the best sports for senior citizens.
Suitable Pattern: ______________________________
5. Global warming is the biggest enemy that the
humankind is facing today, but there are many ways to
combat this problem.
Suitable Pattern: ______________________________

65. Directions: Identify the pattern used in the following
paragraphs.
1. Research refers to a logical and systematic search for
new and useful information on a certain topic.
Specifically, it can be classified into two main types. The
first type is the basic research. It deals with the
investigation on basic principles and reasons for the
occurrence of a certain phenomenon or process.
Applied research is another type that solves certain
problems through using accepted theories. Also, it tries
to explore how things can be changed. These two types
of research are used in the academic and scholarly
fields.

66. Directions: Identify the pattern used in the following paragraphs.
2. Road accidents happen due to several reasons. One reason is
the carelessness of drivers. Some drivers ignore traffic rules and
warning signals. They also resist wearing seat belts. Some of
them are even drunk while driving. Next reason is the weather
conditions. During a hot weather, drivers are prone to have high
blood pressure or heat stroke which lead to road accidents.
Meanwhile, during rainy seasons when the road is wet or
slippery, drivers tend to lose control which lead to vehicular
accidents. Another reason is the traffic jam. When there are too
many vehicles, some drivers easily panic, get more nervous, and
become error-prone. As a result, traffic accidents happen. To sum
up, carelessness, weather conditions, and traffic jams are
common reasons of road accidents.

67. Directions: Identify the pattern used in the following paragraphs.
3. Educating our children to take care and protect the
environment by saving trees is a lifetime mission. It is
important for us and our children to understand that
trees do so much for our environment. Trees provide
us clean air, food, paper, and medicines. They also
give shelter to humans and animals. Can you imagine
a world without trees? With this, I urge you to join
me in making this world a better, greener, cleaner
place for our children and the future generations.

68. Directions: Identify the pattern used in the following paragraphs.
4. There are many ways to lessen the amount of household
wastes. First, turn away from single-use plastics. You can do this
by bringing your own reusable containers and ask restaurants
to use them in packing your food. Next, use eco-bags when
buying in grocery stores. This can minimize the use of plastic
cellophanes. Another way is by sorting your garbage. Just get
any trash receptacles and follow the proper sorting procedures.
Separate plastic bottles and metal wastes from fruits and
vegetable scraps. For plastic and metal waste, clean them and
place them in separate bins. Once the recyclable bins are filled
up, take them to your local recycling centers. These are some of
the ways to reduce the amount of wastes.

69. Directions: Identify the pattern used in the following paragraphs.
5. There are those who believe that technology
makes us less creative. They strongly claim that
cellphones, computers, and other gadgets make us
lazy and dependent. Also, they say that we don’t have
to think or create for ourselves. However, the truth is
these technologies have different features that offer
multiple creative outlets. We can edit videos, design
webpage, make short films, create graphic arts, and
compose web novels. Technology brings out people’s
creativity in this new age.

70. Complete the paragraph by filling in each
blank with the appropriate grammatical signal
found in the box. You can use each
grammatical signal once.

71. A. However Also Stories Meanwhile
Stories can be commonly presented in print, audio, and
audio-visual format. 1. _________ written in books is a form
of print format. It gives the readers more information about
the characters and the plot. 2. _________, stories that are
told through radios or podcasts are examples of audio
format. They enable the listeners to freely create different
mental pictures of the characters and scenes as they listen
to the storylines. 3. __________, movies and TV series
shown in cinema or televisions are examples of audio-visual
format. 4.____________, regardless of the format, all of
them can equally bring entertainment to people.
5. Pattern: ______________________
Also
Stories
Meanwhile
However
General-particular

72. B. Finally, Second, First, I believe
there are those who claim
Even though school uniforms are not mandatory, 1. ________
that students must be required to wear one for a number of
reasons. 2. _______, it promotes safety since bonafide
students can be easily identified and it reduces security
threats. 3. _________, it encourages equality since all students
are viewed in the same way regardless of their socio-economic
status. 4. __________, getting ready for school becomes faster
and easier because many students save their time in choosing
what to wear to school. Although 5.____________ that
uniforms take away personal freedom, I strongly believe that
wearing uniforms is more beneficial. 6. Pattern: __________

73. C. great, perfect, try, in addition, really
Everyone should participate in Zumba. It is an aerobic fitness
performed with a dance music. It is 1. ______ good for your
body for it helps prevent diseases, enhance your flexibility, and
control your weight. 2. __________, learning and memorizing
the steps of a dance routine is a good mental exercise. It is
indeed a 3. ________ exercise because you get to have fun
and be with friends at the same time. You don’t even need to
be a good dancer to enjoy it. Truly, it is a 4. ________ way to
develop one’s physical, mental, and social well-being. So, 5.
_______ Zumba!
6. Patterned Used: ______________________

74. Performance Task
Write at least a five-sentence
paragraph about the issue
conveyed in the picture
using a pattern of idea
development with its
appropriate grammatical
signals. A rubric is given
below for your guidance.