ELEMENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

18. Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the unit , you are expected to:
1.Describe the nature, elements and functions of verbal
and nonverbal communication in various multicultural
contexts,
2.Explain how cultural and global issues affect
communication, and
3.Appreciate the impact of communication on society
and the world.

19. LET’S DO IT!
The following exercise contains words with missing letters. Guess the word that
corresponds to the given meaning by providing the missing letters.
1. I R T -capable of influencing
each other.
2. N V A - not using spoken
language to communicate.

20. 3. D C R - an extended communication
dealing with some particular topic.
4. A I L T N - expressing in
coherent verbal form.

21. 5. D S M A O - the act of
spreading something, especially information

22. In what way
are these words
related to
communication?

23. 1.What do you understand about communication?
2.Is communication static or does it involve a process? Why?
3.What happens during communication?
4.Can you communicate with yourself only?
5.How many people does it take to really communicate?
Why?
6.In what ways can you communicate with others?
7.Is it easier to communicate verbally or non-verbally? Why?

31. Answer the following questions about the selection
you have read.
1. What did Turkle mean when he said “… we are always
communicating. And yet we have sacrificed conversation
for more connection”? Give two examples that she
provided to prove her point.
2.Do you agree with Turkle that we are “alone together”?
Give reasons to support your conviction.
3.Do you think modern technology creates more
disadvantages in the way we communicate? Why or why
not?

32. According to Carl Rogers (1952)
Real communication occurs… when we listen with
understanding –to see the expressed idea and attitude from the
other person’s point of view, to sense how it feels to see him,
to achieve his frame of reference in regard to the things he is
talking about.”
What is communication?

33. Communication can be defined as a process by which
information, meanings and feelings are shared by persons
through a common system of verbal and nonverbal symbols,
signs or behavior.
As a process, communication is characterized as:
1. dynamic- it is constantly changing because it relies on
human perception that can change the overtime;
therefore, it is irreversible and unrepeatable;
2. Continuous- it is an ongoing exchange of meaning-sharing
behaviors between/among individuals who operate within
a frame of experience; it does not have a beginning, an
end, a fixed of sequence events;

34. 3. adaptive- it adjusts to the changes that occur in its
physical and psychological environment;
4. systematic- it involves components that are interrelated
and interacting in a cyclic order; and
5. transactional-every communication is a unique
combination of people, messages between/among people of
some occasion.

35. A. FORMS OF
COMMUNICATION
1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
 is talking to oneself ( self-talk)
through internal vocalization or reflective
thinking due to some internal or external
stimulus. In other words, this type of
communication takes place within the
person.
In contrast with other forms of
communication, intrapersonal
communication takes place only inside a
person’s head.

36. 2. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
 is a form of communication wherein
individuals are engaged actively in the
overt and covert transmission and
reception of messages.
a. Dyadic Communication is a two-
person communication such as
telephone conversation.
b. Small Group Communication ideally
consists of three to six persons such as
committee meeting, buzz session and
brainstorming activity.
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
Dyadic Communication
Small Group Communication

37. 2. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
 is conveying information to
a large audience. It is more
sender-focused than
intrapersonal and interpersonal
forms of communication.
a. Speaker-Audience
Communication is talking to a
large number of people who are
gathered for some occasion.
FORMS OF COMMUNICATION

38. b. Mass Communication is
the “process whereby
media organizations
produce and transmit
messages to a large publics
and the process by those
messages are sought, used,
understood, and influence
by audience.

39. 1.TRANSMISSION MODEL
–describes communication as
a linear, one-way process in
which a sender intentionally
transmits a message to a
receiver (Ellis & McClintock, 1990).
This model focuses on the
sender and message within a
communication encounter.
B. MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

40. 2. INTERACTION MODEL –
describes communication as
a process in which
communicators change roles
as a sender and receiver and
produce meaning by
exchanging messages within
their own environment and
experiences. (Scramn, 1997)
B. MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

41. 3. TRANSACTION MODEL –
explains communication as
a way of creating realities
based on our social,
relational and cultural
backgrounds. This model
shows that communication is
not a mere exchange of
experiences.
B. MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

42. SOCIAL CONTEXT- can be described
rules or undeclared norms that guide
communication.
Rules that influence social context:
 Don’t lie to people
 Don’t interrupt people
 Don’t pass people in line
 Greet people when they greet you
 Thank people when they pay you a
compliment, etc.
relational CONTEXT- involves our
erstwhile socializations an type of
association we have forged with other
people.
Cultural CONTEXT- consists of an
individual’s self-concept and self
perception in relation to nationality,
ethnicity, religion, social class, race,
gender and sexual orientation

43. VERBAL
COMMUNICATION –
can be defined as the
exchange ideas that
occurs through words.
This can be both written
and oral.
C. VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION –a
wordless exchange of
information, thoughts,
feelings, etc. between or
among individuals.

44. NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
are more vulnerable
to misunderstanding.
TYPES:
 Paralanguage(Vocalics)
 Action Language
(Kinesics)
 Sign Language
 Object Language
(Objectics)
 Tactile Language
(Haptics)
 Space/Distance
(Proxemics)
 Time (Chronemics)
 Silence