Literature review on Three Technical Visit

The People's University of Bangladesh
Literature reviews on some research paper
Course Title and Code:Three Technical Visit
Submitted to:
Jashim Uddin Sarker
Chairman
Dept.of Tourism and Hospitality Management
The Peoples University of Bangladesh
Submitted by:
Mehedi Hasan
ID: 19234102101
Batches: 34th
Date of Submission: 10.07.20

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Table of content
1. Literature review of Tourism in Kuakata, Bangladesh: Understanding
Current Status and Future
Prospects……………………………………………..…3-5
2. Literature review of Problems and Prospects of Tourism Industry at Sylhet
Region in Bangladesh Status and Future
Prospects………………………………………………..6-9
3. Assessment of Destination-specific factors of Bangladesh: A review of Saint Martin
Island as an emerging Tourist Destination…………….......….10-12
4. Prospects and Problems of Cox’s Bazaar Sea Beach as a Tourist Spot of
Bangladesh………………………………………………….…..13-15
5. The causes of deterioration of Sundarban Mangrove forest ecosystem of
Bangladesh: Conservation and sustainable management issues….16-18

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ASSESSMENT DETAILS
Unit/Module: Project 1
Literature review Name: Literature review of Tourism in Kuakata, Bangladesh:
Understanding Current Status and Future Prospects
Assessment Number: 1
Term & Year: Spring semester, 2020

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A literature review on
Tourism in Kuakata, Bangladesh: Understanding Current Status
and Future Prospects
Kuakata is one of the famous nature based tourist spot in the southern part of Bangladesh .it has
a long sea beach around 18n km along with the world most famous mangrove forest
‘Sundarban’. In this place where the sunset and sunrise can enjoy together.
In many countries of the world the tourism is the main income source of that country, but
unfortunately Bangladesh in not able gains this respect. But if we look around the neighborhood
country such like ,Thailand, Malaysia,vietname and singappore,india they already gain a world
recognition for tourist country .There one of the main income source is tourism. But now a days
the tourism sector is flourishing in our country, though Bangladesh is not a tourist based country
most of the foreigner comes here for business purposes .Although we have some attractive place
for travelling but lack of advertisement and lack of government action these place can’t grow up
properly.
Kuakata is the potential tourist spot than any other tourist in Bangladesh .most of the place are
lost their ecological verity due to abundant of tourist.In one hand kuakata still has its natural
beauty and on the other hand people won’t visit there due to facility, and this place is not really
very common and well organized place among the local and foreigner tourist. in fact a amount of
people don’t know about the place properly.
Officially kuakata is around 300 km from Dhaka but it could take longer time then it expected
because of five ferries which take much time to across the river .Not only that the road and
transport are not really so good.
Safety and sanitation are another challenge of this vicinity .Most of the visitors not feels sacred
to visit this place .Furthermore there is not enough safety and precaution in the beach area and
never seen any billboard how long can go in sea shore and high tide and low tide timing.

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Hotel and lodging price are quite costly in here .In peak season there don’t had any way for
negotiate .The lodging authority had a bad mind to create more profit from foreigner guest. Food
also costly as well in here.
Marketing and promotional activity are not active for kuakata.There got few information in
Bangaldesh tourism board, Bangladesh porjoton corporation and CAAB website but these
information are not strong enough for attract the tourist.
There is no another extra activity in night time ,there is not a good place for hang out and no
event has been organized to attract the tourist. Due to the tourist has nothing to do after evening.
To eradicate these problem the local govern has to take some steps and there another intention to
increased the remittance from tourist so that local people can change their life style. The
government develop the expressway and the bridge (Padma Bridge and so on) which can ake the
communication easier and a lot tourist can be inspire for choose kuakata, vacation purpose.
Safety and security need to increase for this place. Local government can take some steps to
short out this problem. The area must need to keep clean and tidy.
The local government should need to monitor the local hotel and lodging industries need to keep
an eye so that they can’t make over profit from local and foreigner guest.
Though kuakata is a place of natural beauty and tourist can look around all day. But in night time
they need more refreshment and some nighttimes entertainment need to be established
Overall to make this place more popular non government organization as well as government
organization (tourism board,porjoton corporation and CAAB) should play a vital role .If they can
do so the economy will be boost in dramatic way.

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ASSESSMENT DETAILS
Literature review Name: Literature review of Problems and Prospects of Tourism
Industry at Sylhet Region in Bangladesh Status and Future Prospects

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Problems and Prospects of Tourism Industry at Sylhet Region in
Bangladesh
Sylhet is one of the most beautiful and reputed tourist spot in Bangladesh .Located in north
eastern part of Bangladesh and famous for mainly large tea garden .This providence is called the
tea capital in Bangladesh. Most of the tea produced from this area.Asias largest rainforest
ratergul also located here. Most of the hill and mountain including moulovibazar ,jaflong
,volagong, And the waterfalls like madhabkunda ,porikunda are situated here .The shrine of
Hazrat Shajalal (R)and Hazrat shaporan(R) is also here .Not only that the Bichanakandi,
lawrachara and different tribe community makes the location more attractive
The division is historically and economically important for the country as well.Most of the
people are living abroad for study and work purpose ,so they send remittance anyhow so the
country’s economy get more developed.
Sylhet is also called the place of education and smart city .Many reputed college and university
are placed in sylhet.Recently government announced that sylhet will countries first wifi zone
amongst the country.
In Bangladesh tourism is not flourishing well .In report says 2004 Tourism business in
Bangladesh, as measured by yearly tourist arrivals was 1 million in 2004 which constitutes about
0 .125 per cent of world total of over 800 million. For a long time, the Governments of
Bangladesh never gave adequate attention to the development of tourism sector. Since the early
1990s, however, tourism became recognized as an important sector in Bangladesh. In 2004,
tourism contributed about 0.2 per cent of GDP of the economy. In Bangladesh, 1 in every 19 jobs
is generated by the sector. The Government of Bangladesh first recognized tourism as an
important industry with the framing of a National Tourism Policy in 1992. In 1999, tourism was
declared as a thrust sector in Bangladesh (Government of Bangladesh, 2005). But there is no
effective national tourism plan to guide the entrepreneurs and investors.

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It has bees says that the tourism consist of 6 S these are snow, sands sea,sax,as self actualization,
and sun .But unfortunately Bangladesh has not had anything any of these ,but this country has
natural beauty which can attract the tourist . The economic and societal significance of tourism in
Sylhet region emphasize the need to develop a more rigorous understanding of the evolving
tourism industry as well as to know how it influences processes of local economic development.
For this reason, this study is very important to examine the problems of the tourism sector and
then to sort out its potentiality as a guideline for the development of tourism in Sylhet region.
Sylhet region has different attractive places to visit as the tourists are very keen to get test of
visiting these places. It’s found more than four different places were easily coverable to visit at a
time. The reason for visiting any place must have some particular facts and logical ground
otherwise people may not spend their time and money behind it.
The best part to visit of the vicinity is that the communication system is very good. Any tourist
can choose either bus or train. Train journey is the best part of sylhet tour.
Although there are a lot of possibility in this area, and this area has face some difficulty to
flourish the tourism .First of all the hotel and lodging facility may increased .The local
government may monitor the price and the security of hotel. The safety and security can be
increased of that area so that the tourist feels safe.
The industry has attained impressive growth world-wide in terms of tourist arrivals and foreign
exchange earnings which has led the ever increasing competition among the destination countries
and gained top priority in most of the destination countries. Tourism in Bangladesh is a slowly
developing foreign currency earner. The benefits that are received from tourism should be fairly
distributed, and then only will tourism be participatory, and, thus, the rights of local residents
will be properly recognized, and tourism will be responsible and sustainable.
To eradicate this problem government should take some steps these are,
Government must take proper steps to boost the economy of that local vicinity and they should
eradicate the unemployment problem
1. Local community should be properly educated to preserve the nature.

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2.To have more plan to develop the infrastructure and need to be clean and tidy.
3.The tourist board, CAAB, The porjoton corporation should promote the place to attract the
foreigner guest.
In a nutshell this research try to find out the the problem and solution of sylhet area.

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ASSESSMENT DETAILS
Literature review Name: Assessment of Destination-specific factors of
Bangladesh: A review of Saint Martin Island as an emerging Tourist Destination

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A literature review
Assessment of Destination-specific factors of Bangladesh: A review
of Saint Martin Island as an emerging Tourist Destination
Bangladesh is a small populated country in south Asia with a small number of tourist attraction
place .Most of the country in Asia a tremendous number of tourist can be seen because most of
the revenue come from tourism sector. In south asia Nepal,Maldives,india ,Bhutan has gain as
tourist attracting place name and recognition ,but Bangladesh hasn’t flourished as a nice way
compared with them. But this country has some famous places for tourist attract attraction,
namely Coxs bazaar ,saint martin ,Sundarban,Bandarban,Rangamati,kuakata etc. This thesis has
made a overview which factor has been specific for tourist destination place and overall review
of saint martin’s emerging tourist destination places. For this thesis Primary and secondary data
has been collected from The study was conducted in total of 200 respondents from January to
March, 2016 both at the tourist destination and online. related to the age, gender, income, marital
status, occupation, length of stay, composition of groups and choice of accommodation of
respondents, and for secondary data which has been created by following Likert scale and it was
related to destination preferences. Questions in Likert scale regarding the destination preferences
were allocated into 10 categories: natural beauty, service quality, awareness about the
destination, adventure, convenient lodging, security, easy and comfortable transportation, safe
and quality food and shopping facility and relaxation opportunity.
Saint martin is one of the famous, most visited , one and only coral island and most attractive of
tourist place in Bangladesh, It is located sourest corner of the country. This island not only owns
beautiful scenery but also have the crystal clear water .Locally name of this island is ‘Narical
jinjira’. It is also known as the marine paradise of Bangladesh
Though this place is richer with natural beauty and good place for tourist ,this place has face
some problems .First of all accommodation is very limited in this place .There got some hotel
and motels ,but these are not sufficient. But home stay facility are available .Local fisherman
arranged accommodation facility.
The safety and security is another controversial issue of this place .If the pace can make more
secured the number will be increased.

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One of the recent motivations of the travel industry is food and beverage. Food has a vital role in
the travel sector and the quality of service related to food is very significant. The desired food
items on the menu depends largely on the culture and demographic characteristics of a
destination
Transportation play a good role to enriched a places accessibility. To reach the desired
destinations the tourists will choose any mode of transportation but the most widely used
transport to visit Saint Martin is ship that starts the journey from Teknaf point.
Local people who are involved with this place are not much train up and educated .They need to
be more skillful and educated.
Again, some factors discourage them to pick Bangladesh, for instance, lack of security and
safety, unavailability of hygienic food, lack of shopping facilities, etc.
Most of the people of this islands are depend on tourist and fishing .It has
been said almost 480-500 people are directly involve with tourism sector and
around 800-1000 people are indirectly involve with tourism. Tourism is now the
main income source of this island
Most of the tourist who likes to visit is unmarried and student .Newly married
couple and couples with children more than half of this statistics
To expended visitors expectation some steps like as encourage sustainable
tourism, . Generate products for specific market segments, Gain and maintain
competitiveness, Increase visitor experience, Preserve local resources, and
Promote residents’ quality of life may help

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ASSESSMENT DETAILS
Literature review Name: Prospects and Problems of Cox’s Bazar Sea Beach as a
Tourist Spot of Bangladesh

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A literature review
Prospects and Problems of Cox’s Bazar Sea Beach as a
Tourist Spot of Bangladesh
The person or group who stay outside of their home for more than 24 hours from their own
residency is called tourist. The length of the stay shall be shorter than a year and the main
purpose of the tour shall not involve work that is compensated by someone at the destination.
Now a day’s tourism is a flourishing sector all over the world. Millions of people are travelling
every year from one country to another country, region or area of the world to know the
indefinite and to see the unseen (Quddus 1998). The number of people who travelled abroad in
2011 increased by 4.4% to a total of 980 million from 2010 and the tourist arrivals increased by
6.7 per cent in 2010 over the previous year, recovering from a decline of about 4.0 per cent in
2009. According to the UNWTO, 846 million international visitor arrivals generated US$735
billion (US$2 billion/day) in tourism revenue in 2006. Tourism represents 35 percent the world’s
export of services and over 70 percent in the Least Development Countries. The UNWTO
predicts that international tourism demand will double by 2020 to an astronomical 1.6 billion
visitors generating nearly US$2 trillion in economic activity.
Coxs bazaar the tourist capital of Bangladesh .located at the southern part of the country and
known as the famous tourist place in locally and internationally. Cox s bazaar has the world
largest unbroken sea beach around 120 km .The place is overlooked by tall cliffs and flooded
with foaming waves, colorful conch shells, ponderous pagodas, delicious seafood all these make
Cox's Bazaar, the tourist capital of Bangladesh.
According to Quddus, M. A. (1998) the colorful city at the head of a 120 km long beach with
lines of fancy shops on either sides of Cox's Bazar main road, quiet and calm Khyangs and
Pagodas, Rakhyne quarters, fish harbour of Kostura Ghat, the tourist attractions of the rising sun
behind the hills and setting of it into the Bay of Bengal- the entire gives the atmosphere of a fairy
land- a tourist heaven.
Vary healthy air, natural view , climate , world largest sea beach ,local traditional shop, seafood
and the local peoples lifestyle overall all things make this place more attractive .

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The main objective of this study is to understand visitors expectation about cox bazaar sea beach
.To overlook the striking service related to the world largest sea beach ,accommodation facility
,transport facility ,refreshment, and communal impression.
To explore the demographic characteristics , who have already visit this place.
For this research paper , expletory research has been conducted to gain the data about problems
and prospectus of this treserch.Both primary and secondary data has been processed for this
research .Primary data collected from direct interview of 500 people and secondary data has been
collected from different journal, article ad different reference books. For scalling purpose Likart
scale has been followed .To responded the primary data open ended and close ended question
method are followed .From that data Among 500 people that process manually at first and that
statically devices like average , percentage and ration have been used. Among 500 people most
of them are male and student and around 40 percent women who involved different types of
work.
Although there are most facility in common and there for plenty of hotel, motel, and resort. The
communication system is quite approachable. Though this place has fallen some problems like
there is no direct railway link from Dhaka to cox bazaar, The lack of transport facility during
October to February due to huge crowed of tourist .The drainage system and security system are
not good at all in those area. Lack of utility, Medicare and recreational facility are the
controversial issue of this providence.
Number of steps should need to take to eliminate the lacking of this area.Local government along
with local people should need to work together for give proper service to the tourist.Because
tourist is the main income source in this area. More security and drainage system should improve
.Low cost tourism and should be develop and need to established more 5 star hotel .The lacking
of transportation during pick season need to be focused through the government .If Dhaka to cox
bazaar direct rail way line can be established , the development will be more established of this
area.
Overall in this research paper make the problem ,solution and facility and how to enriched the
attractiveness of this are these are discussed.

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ASSESSMENT DETAILS
Literature review Name: The causes of deterioration of Sundarban
Mangrove forest ecosystem of Bangladesh:
Conservation and sustainable management issues

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The causes of deterioration of Sundarban
Mangrove forest ecosystem of Bangladesh:
Conservation and sustainable management issues
The sundarban frost is the largest mangrove forest in our country which located at
the southwest corner of the country. Sundaree tree (Heritiera littoralis ) is the main
tree in this foresting Bangladesh is approximately 14.40 million hectares of which
13.46 million hectors are land surface and 0.94 million are rivers and other inland
water bodies According to a recent estimate, the country has only 18% (2.58
million hector) of forest coverage. Though it is a largest mangrove forest in our
country day by day it has been Detroiter. Due to illegal cutting, encroachment of
forest areas and illegal poaching of wildlife, the mangrove forest is losing
biodiversity in an alarming rate. This forest ecosystem also has become vulnerable
to pollution, which may have changed the ecosystem. Further threats arise from
global climate change, especially sea level rise.
Sundarban has the extreme rich diversity of flora and fauna. Mangroves are
associated with flowering plants, palms, ferns, bryophytes, fungi, algae, lichens
and bacteria. Chaffey et al (1995) recorded about 334 plant species, including 35
legumes, 29 grasses, 19 sedges, 18 euphorbia and 50 true mangrove plant species.
It is noted that mangrove forests are habitats to about 500 species of wild vascular
plants (FAO 2004).Around 840 species of wild animals, including. 419 Royal
Bengal tigers (MoEF 2004). Within the forest habitats, there are ca. 50 species of
mammals, ca. 320 species of inland and migratory birds, ca. 50 species of reptiles,
eight species of amphibians, ca. 400 species of fish, as well as insects. About 20
species of shrimps, 8 species of lobsters, 7 species of crabs, several species of
gastropods, and 6 species of pelecypods have been reported from the Sundarbans

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(Pasha & Siddiqui 2003). Among the shrimps Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798)
and Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, 1798) and the mud crab Scylla serrata
(Forsskal, 1775) are commercially important. Over 120 species of fish are said to
be commonly caught by commercial fishermen.
There are some reason to be deterioration these are 1. Anthropogenic 2. Natural
3. Other (or miscellaneous)
Under the anthropogenic there are the sub category like as Over-exploitation and
Illegal Forest Cutting, Shrimp Farming, Pollution, Fire , Management Failure, Poor
Knowledge of Mangrove Ecosystem and High Dependence of Local Population on
its Products and Services, Other Uses, Diseases, Fire these are vital reason
Under the natural cause the sub category are Natural Disasters, Climate Change
and Sea Level Rise.
On the other cause behind deterioration are Present Mangrove Management in
Bangladesh, Examples of Sustainable Mangrove Management in South Asia,
Conservation and Sustainable Management Issues.
The deterioration of mangrove can make a serious problem for the environment
and biodiversity . The future existence of Sundarban mangrove forest in
Bangladesh depends on the development and successful implementation of a
sustainable management plan to protect and conserve these important resources.
The Bangladesh government should take proper steps to resolve the problems as
soon as possible otherwise we have to suffer a long run.

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