The development of DNA sequencing Technology.pptx

1. The development of DNA sequencing Technology
Presented by
Md. Ushama Shafoyat
Id: 0423260003
Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME)
Military Institute of Science and Technology.

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Early DNA Sequencing Techniques
 Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
 The Human Genome Project
 Third-Generation Sequencing
 Advancements in Accuracy and Speed
 Applications of DNA Sequencing
 Future Perspectives
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
• DNA sequencing is a great discovery
that allows us to understand the
genetic information contained within
an organism.
• In this presentation, we will explore
the key milestones in the development
of DNA sequencing technology.

4. Early DNA Sequencing Techniques
• In the early days, DNA sequencing was a time consuming
process.
• But in 1970s Maxam-Gilbert and Sanger developed a
sequencing technique which become the pioneering
techniques in DNA sequencing.
• First cut the tagged segment of DNA at different points and
then joint the tagged fragments of different sizes. The
fragments may then be separated by gel electrophoresis.
• These methods involved chemical modifications and gel
electrophoresis to determine the sequence of DNA.

5. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
• Next-generation sequencing
(NGS) emerged as a major
breakthrough in DNA
sequencing technology.
• NGS techniques allowed for
massively parallel
sequencing of DNA samples.

6. The Human Genome Project (HGP)
• The Human Genome Project (HGP) had
the aimed to sequence the entire human
genome.
• It was launched in 1990s and completed in
2003, significantly advancing DNA
sequencing technology.
• The Human Genome Project provided
valuable information about human genetics
and laid the foundation for personalized
medicine.

7. Third-Generation Sequencing
• Third-generation sequencing
technologies introduced several
innovations in DNA sequencing.
• These methods enabled faster and
longer read lengths, reducing
sequencing time and improving
accuracy.

8. Advancements in Accuracy and Speed
• Over time, DNA sequencing technologies
have seen significant advancements in
accuracy and speed.
• Error rates have been reduced, enabling
more reliable analysis of genetic
information.
• DNA data storage have been developed
through which we can easily study any
DNA sequence.

9. Applications of DNA Sequencing
• DNA sequencing technology has revolutionized various fields,
including genomics, medicine, and agriculture.
• It has facilitated the identification of disease-causing genetic mutations
and personalized treatment options.
• The development of vaccine, DNA sequencing helps to understand the
specific DNA parts which take part in disease formation.
• In agriculture, DNA sequencing is used to enhance yield, develop
disease-resistant plants, and improve livestock breeding.

10. Future Perspectives
• The future of DNA sequencing technology holds immense
potential.
• Advances in technology may make sequencing faster, cheaper, and
more accessible.
• Emerging techniques like long-read sequencing and single-cell
sequencing will continue to push the boundaries of genomic
research.

11. Conclusion
• DNA sequencing technology has come a long way
since its first invented, transforming our
understanding of genetics and genomics.
• From the early methods to next-generation
sequencing and beyond, each advancement has
opened new doors for scientific discovery.
• The continued development of DNA sequencing
technology will undoubtedly drive breakthroughs in
medicine, vaccine developments, agriculture, and
other fields.

12. References
1. https://www.biocompare.com/Molecular-Biology/9187-Next-Generation-
Sequencing/
2. https://www.britannica.com/event/Human-Genome-Project
3. https://www.yourgenome.org/stories/pacbio-and-third-generation-
sequencing/
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxam%E2%80%93Gilbert_sequencing
5. https://irepertoire.com/ngs-overview-from-sample-to-sequencer-to-results/
6. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.2c06748

13. Thank You
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