2. Bangladesh is a developing country with vast quantities of natural resources
that play a vital role in economic growth and diversification. These natural
resources are either renewable or non-renewable of which most have been
conserved such as coral reefs, islands, evergreen vegetation and mangrove
forests, and wildlife such as the rare species of tigers z- the Bengal tigers.
Bangladesh is small country with a rapidly growing population that has
increased pressure on its natural resources of which the major ones are
discussed below.
The natural resources include oil, natural gas, coal, minerals, and the forest.
Definition: Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural
gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
3. Some Major Natural Resources of
Bangladesh
Natural Gas
Forest
Fisheries
Oil
Coal
Minerals
Water
Land
4. Natural Gas
Natural gas is a major source of energy for Bangladesh where mining began in
the 19th century and contributes to more than 70% of commercial energy in the
country. It is the 7th largest natural gas producer in Asia with 26 gas fields of
production producing about 2,700 million cubic feet of natural gas daily. Apart
from oil production, the country also produces other natural resources such as
coal, petroleum, and timber that provide energy for consumption domestically
and industrially. Like many other natural resources, overexploitation leads to
exhaustion which poses the main threat to natural gas reserves. In addition, the
lack of proper skilled personnel to mine natural gas results in wastage and loss.
The government has to import skilled labor from mining companies in
developed nations such as the USA and Japan.
5.
6. Forest
The country is covered with evergreen highlands in northeastern and
southeastern regions with natural deciduous forests. The Sundarbans consists the
largest forest reserve in the country, taking a large share of nearly 40 percent of
the total forest cover in Bangladesh. The total land covered by forests is about 20
percent of the main land. Efforts are being made to safeguard the forests from
population pressure through enactment of laws, educating the public on
conservation measures and adopting agro-forestry policies to maximize food
production as well as conserve trees. Valuable tree species native to Bangladesh
forests include the Passur, Baen, Sundari, and Keora.
7.
8. Fisheries
The fisheries resource in Bangladesh comprises of marine sources such as
the sea and inland resources like ponds, rivers and lakes which take the
major percentage of fish production in the country. A variety of climatic
conditions favor the fishing patterns, fish farming, and general growth of the
fishing industry. Bangladeshis are the biggest consumers of fish-based
animal protein based on the highest per capita income and culture with 60%
protein coming from fish supplies. Bangladesh is among the leading inland
fisheries producers, producing more than 2.8 million tons of fish every year. It
possesses plenty of prawns, lobsters, turtles, mollusks, and other fishery
resources in the vast rivers and inland water bodies. The fishing industry
provides about 1.4 million job opportunities to citizens of Bangladesh which
helps lift the economy. In addition, fisheries contribute to foreign exchange
earnings and an overall nutritious diet to the locals.
9.
10. Oil
An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at
ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic and lipophilic. Oils have
a high carbon and hydrogen content and are usually flammable and
surface active. Most oils are unsaturated lipids that are liquid at room
temperature.
11.
12. Coal
Coal is a hard rock which can be burned as a solid fossil fuel. It is mostly
carbon but also contains hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen. It is a
sedimentary rock formed from peat, by the pressure of rocks laid down
later on top.
13.
14. Minerals
Minerals are solid substances that are present in nature and can be
made of one element or more elements combined together (chemical
compounds). Gold, Silver and carbon are elements that form minerals on
their own. They are called native elements.
15.
16. Water
Water is an inorganic, transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless
chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere
and the fluids of all known living organisms.
17.
18. Soils
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that
together support life. Earth's body of soil, called the pedosphere, has four
important functions:
1.as a medium for plant growth
2.as a means of water storage, supply and purification
3.as a modifier of Earth's atmosphere
4.as a habitat for organisms
All of these functions, in their turn, modify the soil and its properties.