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1. STATUS AND REVIEW OF INLAND FISHERY IN THE
WORLD
Chhoto kiskuSubmitted to
Dept of F.R.M

2. INTRODUCTION:
Inland waters are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations (FAO) as lakes, rivers, streams, canals, reservoirs, and
other land-locked waters.
While inland is generally synonymous with freshwater, inland waters
include land-locked saline water bodies such as the Caspian Sea.
Inland waters comprise approximately 0.01% of the total volume of
water on earth, Inland fishes reside in these waters.
 They comprise approximately 40% of all fish species and 20% of all
vertebrate species.
Additionally, 65% of inland habitat is classified as moderately or highly
threatened by anthropogenic stressors so populations may be extirpated
even before they are documented.

3. Inland fishery?
Based on fishing places there are two types of fishery,
1)Marine fishery
2) Inland fishery
Normally when we fished in the ocean we call it
offshore fishery or marine fishery.
The word inland generally refers to the place inside
part of a country. When we fished in any lake or river
of the country it calls inland fishing.

4. Method of Inland fishery:
Inland fisheries are the commercial fishing operations
taking place in freshwater. Its mainly two types,
1) Capture Fishery
2) Culture Fishery
The capture fishery is that where the fish living
naturally in a body of water and no special management
are taking place. From there fishes are harvested. Example,
Large reservoir, River etc.
The other type of fishery is culture fishery where fish
are raised in tanks or ponds, lake, jhil, etc with the special
management, and their growth rate and production is
high.

5. Types of inland fisheries:
Fisheries are divide based on the aim of production,
culture methods, place where cultured etc.
Inland fisheries includes,
 Commercial and industrial fisheries,
 Small-scale fisheries and,
 Recreational fisheries.
Each and every types of fishery are takes important role with
of economic and social development.

6. State-wise marine fish landings in India
2017

7. State wise Inland fish production in India 2016-2017
SL NO. State tonnes
1 Andhra Pradesh 1489.03
2 West Bengal 1438.47
3 UP 494.27
4 Bihar 479.80
5 Odisha 306.65

8. Fishery Resources Of India:
The river system of the country comprises 14 major rivers
(catchments >20,000 km2), 44 medium rivers (catchments 2,000 to
20,000 km2) and several small rivers and desert streams
(catchments area <2,000 km2). There are others resources which
enlisted below,
Inland Resources:
River =29000km
Fresh Water Pond= 2 2,54, 000 ha
Reservoirs= 3 1,53 ,366 ha
Lakes= 2,02, 213 ha
Swamps and wetlands= 1 0,97 ,787
ha
Marine Resources:
Indian coast line=8129 km
EEZ=2.02 million km2
C. Shelf=0.53 million km2
Inshore area=0.18 million km2
Brackish water aquaculture= 1.24
million ha

9. Fresh water fish:
Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives
in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less
than 0.05%. This fish needs various physiological adaptations
to keep their bodies’ ion concentration balanced. Freshwater
fishes comprise 41% of known fish species.
Important Inland Fishes With Country wise:
India= Rohu,
China=Silver carp
Bangladesh= Catla
America= Tilapia

10. Leading Country of Fish Culture:
Sustainable, productive fisheries and aquaculture improve food and
nutrition security, increase income and improve livelihoods, promote
economic growth and protect our environment and natural resources. There
are some Inland fish culture country in 2016-
Inland fish culture countries with rank wise 2016
Country production in million tones
1. China= 2318046 tones
2. India= 1462063 tones
3. Bangladesh= 1048242 tones
4. Myanmar= 886780 tones
5. Cambodia= 509350 tones
6. Indonesia= 432475 tones
7. Uganda= 389244 tones
8. Nigeria = 377632 tones
9. USA= 312039 tones
10. Russian Federation= 292828 tones

11. Marine Fish production leading countries:
There are so many countries which economy and
employment mainly depend on marine fish production
and fish related activities. Among them the most fish
production country are enlist below
Country Fish production in tones in 2016
1. China 15246234 tones
2. Indonesia 6109783 tones
3. USA 4897322 tones
4. Russian Federation 4466503 tones
5. Peru 3774887 tones
6. India 3599693 tones
7. Japan 3167610 tones
8. Vietnam 2678406 tones
9. Norway 2033560 tones
10. Philippines 1865213 tones

12. Major Inland fishing area in the World:-
8 major regions rank wise
1. 01-AFRICA
2. 02-NORTH AMERICA
3. 03-SOUTH AMERICA
4. 04-ASIA
5. 05-EUROPE
6. 06-OCEANIA
7. 07-FORMER USSR
8. 08-ANTARTICA

13. RIVERS OF THE WORLD:
River provide a source of drinking water, food to fertilize lands
and way to transport goods from place to place. Rivers also
provide an important habitat for wildlife. There are 165
important river in world.
Total length of world river- 26,9000km.
Total length of Indian river-29000km
Largest number of river in South America.
Least number of river in Oceania.
Important rivers of the world,
Nile 6,853km,
 Amazon-6,992km,
Yang tse-6,300km,
 yellow river-5,464km and Ganga river- 2,525km,

14. RESERVOIRS OF THE WORLD:
A reservoir is an artificial lake where water is stored, People build
reservoirs because the amount of water in a river varies over
time. Lake Volta which is the world’s biggest reservoir by surface
area.
 It is minimum range should be 2.5 acres
More than 5,15,149 numbers reservoirs in world.
The area of world reservoir 258570 sq.km
 Area of Indian reservoir is 3.15 million ha.
Area wise Asia stands first followed by north America.
Asia - 65% by number and 31% by volume.
Average production of reservoirs 20kg/hectre/year.
Catfishes, perch are more culture in reservoir.

15. FLOODPLAIN WETLAND:
The floodplain wetlands are considered as biologically
sensitive habitats as they play a vital role in the
recruitment of fish populations in the riverine ecosystems
and provide nursery grounds for commercially important
fishes. They are extremely rich in plant nutrients.
Pantanal is largest wetland in world.
Contributes about 4 million ha floodplain wetland in world.
In India, Government has identified 0.2 million ha of
floodplain wetland area.
Its comprise mainly catfish or air breathing fishes.
Crabs, Crocodiles, Turtles etc also found in wetland.

16. MAJOR SPECIES FOUND IN INLAND WATER IN
WORLD:-
Africa - Nile perch, tilapia, grass carp, African cat fish,
mullet.
North America - Tilapia, common carp, white fish, cat
fish, river prawn, Cray fish.
South America - Members of characins and cat fishes,
rainbow trout, tilapia, river prawn.
Asia - Common carp, silver carp, barbs, tilapia, mullets,
river prawns.
Europe - Fresh water breams, pikes, salmons, spats,
Cray fishes.
Oceania - Tilapia, river eels, cat fishes, giant perches.

17. Fish consumption average(kg/capita)2016
Africa- 10.1
kg/capita/yr
Asia- 17.9
kg/capita/yr
Europe- 22.2
kg/capita/yr
North
America- 24.3
kg/capita/yr
Oceania- 31.2
kg/capita/yr
Among them china is highest consumption country
31.9kg/capita/yr and India about 20.5kf/capita/yr and per
capita inland fish consumption 9.3kg.

18. TRENDS IN GLOBAL INLAND FISH PRODUCTION
Trend of fish production is gradually increase day by day in
inland sector. But marine sector there is no gradually increase
trend.
World fisheries and aquaculture production (million tones)
year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Inland 10.7 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.6
Marine 81.5 78.5 79.4 79.9 81.2 79.3
Total
capture
92.2 89.5 90.6 91.2 92.7 90.9

19. Different species catch in inland water with
percentage world.

20. Significance of inland fisheries in
the human diet:
Inland fisheries provide food for billions and livelihood for
millions of people worldwide, and nutritional resources,
especially rural economies in developing countries. However,
it is still the sixth major supplier of animal protein globally. It
addressing “hidden hunger” as micronutrient deficiencies
and their related health issues. Over 90% of global inland
capture fisheries production is used for human consumption.
Fish curryFish fingersFish cutletsFish duglere

21. The Economic Important Of Fishes:
Fishery is most important in economic sector as it help the financial
condition of the country. There are so many items made from fishes and fish
products which help to increase national and global GDP. Few items below,
Fish as a human food.
Fish as a cattle food.
Fish manure.
Fish oil.
Fish glue.
Isinglass.
Fish skin and leather.
Fish fin.
Fish medicine.
Sports and recreation.
Fancy articles.
Scientific study.
Industrial.
Indian total
fishery 1.1%
GDP
Contribution of
world
production
6.3%
Global income
from fishery
sector is about
33,441.6 crore per
year.
Indian Inland
0.92%GDP

22. Others importance of Inland fishes:
Employments.
Empowerment.
Society.
Culture Services.
Recreational Services.
Human health and well being.
Knowledge transfer and capacity building.
The Environment.
Ecosystem function and Biodiversity.
Aquatic carries ( good indicators of ecosystem change)
Green food. (sustainably harvested)

23. PROBLEMS OF INLAND FISHERIES RESOURSES:-
Problems are mainly natural and man made causes,
Man made Natural
Pollution
Construction
 Over fishing
 Poison
Lack of rain
Eutrophication.
In remote rural areas, fishery management, monitoring and
reporting are difficult and often non-existent. Fishing sites
geographically scattered. Making gathering information
very difficult. Habitat loss and degradation, water
abstraction, drainage of wetlands and Urban area we cant
control the pollution due to industries.

24. Management measure:
Inland fishery management is not so easy as it sources mainly in rural area
and most of industry build up near the river. The pressure of population in
developing country harm the resources and fishes also. So if we protect the
resources we have to take several steps, these are
Evaluation of the social and institutional context of a fishery.
Resource mapping.
Stock assessment.
Catch assessment.
Sampling.
Types of fishing regime.
Fishing technology.
Social and policy implications of fishing technology.
Seasonality of fishing.
Protection of water quality.
Control and use of vegetation.
Rehabilitation of lakes and reservoirs.
National legislation.
Regional legislation.
Monitoring.

25. Conclusion
At present, inland fisheries are not often a national or
regional governance priority and as a result, inland capture
fisheries are undervalued and largely overlooked. As such
they are threatened in both developing and developed
countries. Indeed, due to lack of reliable data, inland
fisheries have never been part of any high profile global
fisheries assessment and are notably absent from the
Sustainable Development Goals. The general public and
policy makers are largely ignorant of the plight of
freshwater ecosystems and the fish they support, as well as
the ecosystem services generated by inland fisheries.

26. REFERENCE
• STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND
AQUACULTURE 2010;FAO PUBLICATION
• SOFIA 2016;FAO PUBLICATION.
• INLAND FISHERIES –COURSE
MANNUAL,PUBLISHED BY FISHERIES COLLEGE
AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE.
www.wikipedia.com