DIASS week 2-3.pptx

I. OBJECTIVES
A. CONTENT STANDARDS:
The learner demonstrates an understanding of disciplines of counseling.
B. PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:
The learner demonstrates a high level of understanding of the basic concepts of counseling
through a group presentation of a situation in which practitioners of counseling work together to
assist individuals, groups, or communities involved in difficult situations.

I. OBJECTIVES
C. SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the meeting, the learners should be able to:
Cognitive: identify the goals and scope of counseling
Psychomotor: demonstrate comprehension of the principles of counseling., and
Affective: comprehend the core values of counseling
D: TARGET VALUE/S (from the Institutional Values Grid):
Mental Health Awareness

1. Understanding Counselling
Textbook Reference
Dimagiba L.R., Ditchella M.J, Oflas, I.T. (2018). Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences.
Quezon City. C&E Publishing Inc.
Other Reference
Gonzales, M.A. & Velasco, M.M (2020). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences (Second
Edition). Makati City, Ph. Diwa Learning Systems, Inc.
II. CONTENT/TOPIC:
III. LEARNING RESOURCES:

REVIEW
What are the essential skills developed in
the various disciplines of Social Sciences?
How do these skills help in your future
careers?

MOTIVATION
Look at each picture and tell us your
thoughts/ ideas about each photo.

Topic Objectives:
⚫Identify the goals and scope of counseling
⚫Demonstrate comprehension of the
principles of counseling
⚫Comprehend the core values of counseling

Common Misconceptions about
Counselling
1. A person seeing a counselor, a psychologist, a
psychiatrist, or any mental health practitioner has
mental illness.
A person can freely consult
any mental health practltloner
and share his or her concerns
so that he or she can deal
with them effectively.

2. Counseling means giving advice.
Instead of giving
advice, the primary
goal of the counselor
is to assist the client to
identify and address
the factors in hi or her
problem.

3. Counseling is part of the Discipline Board.
Students who have
violated the school’s
code of discipline are
referred to the
counselor.
However, this does
not mean that the
counselor’s role is to
reprimand and
discipline.

4. A counselor is a problem-solver
Counseling works best
through collaboration
with the client.
A counselor is a
facilitator who guides
you toward the possible
solutions to resolve your
dilemma.

How about you? How do you feel about
counseling?
Have you ever sought any counseling
session? How did it go? Was it helpful?

Counselling…
⚫ A profession guiding
individual/s using methods in
Psychology to find solutions
to a client’s difficulties in life…
….aimed at expediting
positive change.

Counselling…
It is an interactive process
characterized by a unique
relationship between the
(1)counsellor and (2) client which
leads to the client experiencing
changes in one or more of the
following areas:

Overt changes in
the client’s
actions, as well
as his or her
coping skills,
decision-making
skills, and
interaction skills.

Ways of thinking
about oneself, the
others, and the world,
or emotional
concerns relating to
these perceptions.

Uncomfortable
feelings or reactions
to environmental
stress.

eustress means
"beneficial stress“
It is the positive
cognitive response to
stress that is healthy,
or gives one a feeling
of fulfilment or other
positive feelings.

Examples:
• Forgotten items
to bring
• Gadget issues
• Broken
agreements
• Not meeting
the deadlines
• Lost
homeworks

Class activity (SW):
In a half sheet of paper, fill in the following: (10 pts)
Stressors in
your life at
the moment
Variation of
stress
Source of
stress
1
2
3

Rubric
Task 5 points 3 points 1 point
FOCUS Fully addresses
what is asked for
Generally
addresses what
is asked for
Attempts to
addresses
what is
asked for but
ideas are
unclear
CONTENT Clear ideas and
details are
supported by the
texts
Some ideas and
details are
supported by the
texts
Ideas are
not
supported by
the texts

Counselling…
⚫It is also known as a
helping profession.
• It seeks to improve the client’s
mental health and well-being.
But what is MENTAL
HEALTH?

When these symptoms
significantly disrupt a person’s life,
we say that the person has a
mental disorder
or a mental illness.

So, what are the
CAUSES
of mental illness??

Well, the causes of mental illness are
COMPLICATED!!
Genetics Environment
+ →
Brain Disorder

Many mental illnesses begin
during childhood and persist
into adolescence.
Some of these include:
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD)
• Autism Spectrum Disorders
(ASD)
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(GAD)

BUT… some illnesses begin
during adolescence.
The illnesses that most often
begin during adolescence include:
• Major Depression (MD)
• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar Disorder (BD)
• Panic disorder
• Social Anxiety Disorder
• Eating Disorders
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• Addictions

Common Mental Health Issues
⚫- Anxiety Disorders
⚫- Mood Disorders
⚫- Eating Disorders
⚫- Impulse Control and Addiction
⚫- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
⚫- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

ANXIETY DISORDERS
⮚ Cause people to respond to
certain objects or situations with
fear and panic.
⮚ At its extreme, anxiety disorders
may lead to panic attack.
Examples
1. PHOBIAS
- Arachnophobia-Fear of spiders
- Agoraphobia – Fear of public
places
- Acrophobia – Fear Heights
- Claustrophobia- Fear of tight
spaces

MOOD DISORDERS
⮚ One of the most problematic forms
of mental illness has something to
do with a person’s mood
particularly depression.
⮚ Major depressive disorder (MDD),
often simply called depression, is a
mental disorder characterized by a
pervasive and persistent low mood
that is accompanied by low self-
esteem and by a loss of interest or
pleasure in normally enjoyable
activities.

EATING DISORDERS
⮚ ANOREXIA
- Extreme fear of gaining weight; it
causes persons who have this
disorder to be unnaturally thin.
⮚ BULIMIA
- Involves purging or vomiting the food
that a person eats in order to remain
thin.

IMPULSE CONTROL AND ADDICTION
⮚One’s inability to control
impulses and urges, like
becoming addicted to
different vices , such as
alcohol and illegal drugs.
⮚KLEPTOMANIA- inability to
control stealing or engaging
in compulsive gambling.

Mental Health Issues
⚫ Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
- Obsession, intrusive and
recurring thoughts and
images that come unbidden
in the mind.
- Compulsion, irresistible
impulses to repeat some
ritualistic act over and over
again

Mental Health Issues
⚫ Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder
- The tendency to hold
on to negative
emotions and
memories from a
traumatic event.

Possible ways to deal with mental issues
Should not believe everything that people say
about you; should not also ignore everything
they are saying.
Learn to think over the new
information that you have received
Evaluate the new information
whether true or not
Do not let others decide for yourself

✔Feels comfortable about themselves
✔Not easily overwhelmed by emotions
✔Can take life disappointments in stride and accept
their own shortcomings
✔Feels right about other people (satisfying and
lasting personal relationships)
✔Able to meet the demands of life
A mentally healthy
individual…

Mental health problems can be treated!
If you feel VERY sad, stressed or worried, it might help to
talk to someone about how you are feeling.

Class Activity (SW 2)
⚫Find a partner.
- The one person will serve as a the
counsellor and the other person will be the
counsellee
⚫Answer the following questions (next slide)
⚫Pass your papers.
⚫In front, give a very brief reflection of your
experience about the activity

1. Do you ever…
• Often feel very angry or very worried?
• Do reckless things that could harm you or others?
• Feel grief for a long time after a loss or a death?
• Think your mind is controlled or out of control?
• Exercise, diet and/or binge-eat obsessively?
• Hurt other people or destroy property?
2. What did you do to overcome these life
situations
3. Did you seek for professional help?
4. If Yes, how is your experience?
5. If no, why you did not seek for professional
help?

If you feel any of these
things, it might help to talk to
a parent, teacher, school
counselor or physician.

⚫“It is the ultimate goal of counselling to make
every individual a useful and productive member
of society.”

Review
1. What are some of the common
misconceptions about counseling?
2. What are different variations of stress?
3. Why is it important to understand the
source of one’s stress?

A. The Counsellor
work with people experiencing a
wide range of emotional and
psychological problems to help
them bring about effective change
and/or enhance their wellbeing.

Who can be counsellors?
Guidance counsellor in school
Clinical psychologist
Psychiatrist
Marriage counsellor
Doctor
Lawyer
Parish priest.

Professionals & Practitioners of Counselling
⚫ School Counsellors
 Help students deal with
hindrances in their studies
 Navigate the stresses that
students experience and
prevent these from
interfering with their
academic performance.

⚫ Career Counsellors
 Help clients prepare for the
start of their professional lives,
adjust to changes and succeed in
their careers.
 Provide consulting, coaching, and
counselling for clients to explore
their potentials in their careers.

⚫ Child Abuse Counsellors
 Help victims to rebuild their
psyche, trust others, and gain
happiness.
 May involve playing, or encouraging
children to speak their minds, or
even working with the family to
ensure the child is provided a safe
and comfortable environment to
continue their development.

⚫ Child Counsellors
 Provide counselling for
children, adolescents, and
their families.
 Provide counselling for
children with behavioral,
social or emotional issues.

⚫ Geriatric Counsellors
 Provide counselling services
to senior citizens and their
families.
 Help senior citizens live a
more fulfilling and
comfortable life.

⚫ Depression Counsellors
 Help people deal with mental,
emotional, and physical issues
arising out of depression.
 They also prescribe
appropriate medical
treatment.

⚫ Community Mental Health
Counsellors
◦ Provide therapy, counselling and
coaching services to help
minimize mental health issues
and promote mental health in
communities.
◦ Provide debriefing sessions for
victims of disasters and natural
calamities.

⚫ Legal Counsellors
 Lawyers or paralegal teams who
rehabilitate inmates and help them
adjust to their incarceration.
 Also, provide counselling to inmates
about to be freed to help them
become better citizens of the
community.
 Resolves interpersonal conflicts.

⚫ Grief Counsellors
◦ Help people cope with the
loss that usually follows the
death of a loved or;
◦ Help the survivors of
disasters and calamities cope
with their losses which may
include lives and properties.

⚫ Drug abuse counsellors
◦ Assist in the care of high-risk
patients battling substance
abuse.
◦ They may also serve as detox
specialists or crisis workers in
a detoxification center.

⚫ Domestic Violence Counsellors
 Identify certain adverse effects of
domestic violence
 Help the patient slowly work to
treat and combat those effects
 Provide an important therapy for
clients in need of understanding of
their trauma and someone to listen
to their issues.

⚫ Suicide intervention Counsellors
◦ One of the most stressful and
rewarding jobs
◦ Help clients with suicidal thoughts
think more positively and continue
to live a fulfilling and rewarding
life.
◦ Identify motivations and help
clients with those motivations so
they can gain more self-confidence
and self-worth.

⚫ Transformational Counsellors
 Offer an alternative form of mental and
physical healing that focuses on self-
improvement, spiritual healing and deeper life
satisfaction.
 Help patients find a greater sense of purpose,
excitement, joy, and self-satisfaction.

Among all the different types of
counselors, which one do you most
likely see yourself of becoming one?
Why?

B. The Client
“An individual or group of
individual who engages the
professional help or
assistance from a counsellor.”

The Client
“Concerns may include:
• Personal Pain
• Help-seeking by
choice
• Personal Issues

Components of the Counselling Process
Counselling Bond
“The Counselling Bond is
the working alliance
between the counsellor
and the client.”

Core Conditions
Genuineness
Respect
Empathy
“Conditions that
bring about
constructive
personality change
in the client”
“Unconditional Positive Regard”

Counselling Bond
Both the counsellor and the client must agree to
work together for the purpose of:
• Amelioration (make better) of psychological
distress
• Promotion of psychological growth

They both pursue the goals that are:
• Within the client’s direct control to achieve
• Realistic and achievable
• Set by the client himself/herself
• Positively & clearly stated
• Based on the present state of the client
• Reflective of the amount of effort of the client
is willing to devote in achieving these goals.
Counselling Bond

Performance Task (1st Quarter) (20 points)
Survey activity:
1. Form a group with 4 members each
2. Create at least 3 questions for your survey
that answers the question:
“What are some of the human concerns that bother most
adolescents today?”
3. Collate all the survey answered survey forms and write a
outcome report of the survey. (PERFORMANCE TASK)
4. There should be at least a minimum of 20 answered surveys.
5. Results of this activity will be used for the 1st Quarter Project
(to be discussed late)

⚫Advice
◦ Lay-out the possible courses of action
⚫Reassurance
◦ Giving the client courage and confidence
that s/he is capable of facing the problem
⚫Communication
◦ Providing information and understanding.
G
O
A
L
S

⚫Release of emotional tension
◦ Removes mental blocks
⚫Clarified thinking
◦ Engaging in more coherent, rational and mature
thought
⚫Reorientation
◦ Transformation in the client’s goals, values and
mental models
G
O
A
L
S

Goals in Counselling…
Objectives that must be
achieved during the
counselling sessions and
in the counsellor’s office.
Process goals
They are designed to
help individuals or teams
achieve specific goals by
creating a plan of action
and tracking progress.

Examples of process goals include:
⚫ Spend minutes of note to self
⚫ Write of plans to do to make self better
⚫ Write list of achievements
⚫ Talking about feelings

Goals in Counselling…
To assess whether a goal
has been achieved and
determine whether further
action is necessary.
These are the intended
results of counselling.
Described in terms of
change in the client after
the counselling sessions.
Outcome goals

Examples of outcome goals include:
⚫ Had a goodnight sleep
⚫ Eating healthy food
⚫ Stopped drinking/ smoking
⚫ Making new friends

ASSESSMENT
1. How does counselling help a person with mental
health issues?
2. How does one meet the goals of counselling?
IV. PROCEDURES

VALUES INTEGRATION
It is imperative to raise
awareness and correct
misconceptions about
mental health.

⚫ Get book and turn in to page 14.
⚫ Let us answer item #s 1-5 (Recitation)

⚫ The counsellor plays an important
role; he tries to direct the thinking of
counselee by informing , explaining,
interpreting and advising.
⚫ It gives more importance to
intellectual aspect than emotional
aspects.

Counsellor –centred:
⚫ The counsellor direct the client
to take steps in order to resolve
his conflicts.
⚫ It is based on assumption that
the client cannot solve his own
roblems for lack of information.

⚫ CARL R. ROGER is the chief
exponent in this viewpoint.
⚫ It is also known as permissive
counselling.
⚫ It is a client-centred process.

⚫ In this, the counselee is the pivot of the
whole counselling process.
⚫ The main function of the counsellor is to
create an atmosphere in which the client can
work out his problem.

Ethical Dimension of
Counselling

1. INFORMED CONSENT
process that involves
sharing sufficient
information with the
client so the client
can make an
informed decision
about participation in
the proposed course
of treatment.
With regard to:
✔ how much
information to share
in this process,
✔ what specific
information should
be shared,
✔ when it should be
shared, and in what
format(s)

2. CONFIDENTIALITY
is an important aspect of counseling. This means
that under normal circumstances no one outside
the Counseling Center is given any information —
even the fact that you have been here — without
your expressed written consent.
A client who doesn't trust the counselor is unlikely to be
honest about their feelings and problems, so he or she
may never receive the necessary help to cope with these
issues.

3. PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Counsellors shoudl always consider the welfare
and protection of his/her client.
As professionals, counsellors
continue to pursue academic and
professional development for
continuous accreditation.

VALUES INTEGRATION
“It is the ultimate goal of
counselling to make every
individual a useful and productive
member of society.”

Seatwork #3:
Answer page 14 , items # 6-8 (10 points)
Prepare for Quiz #1 next meeting (20 items)`
IV. PROCEDURES

Name & Signature of Subject Teacher: ____Maria Rowena. S. Flores Date Submitted:
PREPARED BY:
Name & Signature of HUMMS Cluster Coordinator: ________Ms. Sharmaine Baje Date Checked: _________________________
CHECKED BY:
INSPECTED BY: NOTED BY:
Mr. John Oliver Ramos
Assistant Principal
Date Inspected: ________________
SALOME I MAMIIT, MAEd
School Principal
Date Inspected: ________________

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