presentation about nuclear fuusion

1. Nuclear Fusion & Condition
For Nuclear Fusion
Reactions
Submitted To :
Dr Rajesh Poonia
(Department Of Physics)
Submitted By:
Manish Kaushik
Roll No : 2423
(Department Of Mathematics)

2. Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear fusion is the phenomenon of fusing two
or more lighter nuclei to form a heavier more
stable nucleus.

3. 3
Nuclear Fusion
 The binding energy per nucleon is
small for light nuclei i.e. they are less
stable.
 Everybody tends towards minimum
energy state to acquire stability.
 So, When two light nuclei combine to
form a heavier nucleus , the higher
binding energy per nucleon of heavier
nucleus result in the release of
energy.

4. 4
 The process releases energy because the total mass of the
resulting single nucleus is less than the mass of the two original
nuclei.
 The leftover mass becomes energy. Which we can explain with
Einstein’s equation (E=mc2), which says in part that mass and
energy can be converted into each other.
Nuclear Fusion

5. 5
Nuclear Fusion
1
1
𝐻 + 1
1
𝐻 → 1
2
𝐻 + +1
0
𝑒 + 𝜈
1
2
𝐻 + 1
1
𝐻 → 2
3
𝐻𝑒 + 𝛾 𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑠
2
3
𝐻𝑒 + 1
1
𝐻 → 2
4
𝐻𝑒 + +1
0
𝑒 + 𝜈
41
1
𝐻 → 2
4
𝐻𝑒 + 2+1
0
𝑒 + 2 𝜈 + 26. 7𝑀𝑒𝑣
For the fourth reaction to occur, the first three reactions
must occur twice so that two light helium nuclei 2
3
𝐻𝑒
may combine to form a normal helium nucleus 2
4
𝐻𝑒.
For example:

6. 6
Conditions For Nuclear Fusion Reaction:
 Nuclei are positively charged so they repel each other
due to electrostatic force of repulsion.
 To overcome this repulsion these are accelerated to
high enough speeds, i.e there kinetic energy is
increased due to which the nuclei can overcome this
electrostatic repulsion and be brought close enough
such that the attractive nuclear force is greater than the
repulsive Coulomb force.

7. 7
Conditions For Nuclear Fusion Reaction:
 The strong force grows rapidly once the nuclei are close
enough, and the fusing nucleons can essentially "fall" into each
other and the result is fusion and net energy produced.
 The fusion of lighter nuclei, which creates a heavier nucleus
and often a free neutron or proton, generally releases more
energy than it takes to force the nuclei together; this is
an exothermic process.

8. Thanks!
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