Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change.Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

1. Industrialization and Urbanization in
Dhaka City

2. Course Code: HUM 2105
Course Title: SOCIOLOGY
Course Teachers:
Md Didar Hossain
Group Members:
Tania Islam
Mamun Hossain
Prince Siddik
Mesbahul Ibn Munir
Farhan Rahman
Md Kawshar
Imran Ahsan
Sharmin

3. Introduction
Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the
proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the
change. It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger
as more people begin living and working in central areas.
The presentation deals with the industrialization and urbanization in the megacity of Dhaka. It
starts with a general profile of the city highlighting its geography and population characteristics.
It is important to note that the urbanization of Bangladesh is interlinked with the intense
development of Dhaka City which has developed as a politico-administrative center, having
gained and then lost its position through the political development of the country. Due to the
concentration of both domestic and foreign investment Dhaka City has experienced massive
migration from the rural population of Bangladesh in recent decades but a critical downside to
this has been the dramatic rise in poverty

4. Figure : Top view of Dhaka city
Urbanized are in Dhaka City

5. Urbanization in Dhaka City
Dhaka City is centrally located in Bangladesh, in the southern part of the district of Dhaka. It is
situated between latitudes 24º40´ N to 24º54´ N and longitudes 90º20´ E to 90º30´ E and defined
by the Buriganga river in the south; the Balu and the Shitalakhya rivers in the east; Tongi Khal
in the north and the Turag river in the west. The city has developed on the higher elevated
Pleistocene terrace land or Order Alluvium of the central part of Bangladesh, otherwise referred
to as the Madhupur-Bhawal Garh Region. In addition, a substantial portion of the adjoining low-
lying areas have recently been brought under the structured zones of the city due to the
accelerated rate of the urban growth in Dhaka. According to the adjusted population of the 2001
Census the size of Dhaka’s population is 10,712,206 of which 5978482 are male and 4733724 are
female. This makes Dhaka a megacity. The population growth of Dhaka stands at 56.5% in the
last decade, which is very high. This means that during the last decade the city’s population has
increased rapidly. The growth of the urban population in Bangladesh prior to the 20th century
cannot be termed urbanization in the truest sense because the change in rural life concomitant
with urbanization was not evident. The growth of the urban population in Bangladesh since 1901
is depicted through the following periods. In 1901 only 2.43% of the country’s population lived in
urban centers. During the next two decades the urban population remained almost static

6. Factors of Urbanization
Industrial revolution
Industrialization
Emergence of large manufacturing centers
Job opportunities
Availability of easy transportation
Migration

7. % of Migrants
24%
10%
66%
Rural to Urban
Urban to rural
Overseas

8. Population Explosion of Dhaka city

9. Number of poor population in Dhaka

10. Ranking of major urbanized city in Bangladesh (1901-2001)
Urban centers 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1974 1981 1991 2001
Dhaka 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chittagong 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Sirajgonj 3 3 5 4 6 - 10 - - - -
Rajshahi 4 4 8 7 7 8 7 6 4 4 4
Bramanbaria 5 8 9 9 9 - - - - - -
Comilla 6 6 4 5 5 5 8 9 6 9 -
Barisal 7 7 3 3 3 3 5 7 7 7 7
Pabna 8 - - - - - - - - - -
Jamalpur 9 9 10 10 - - - - - - -
Madaripur 11 - 6 8 - - - - - - -
Nawabganj - 5 - - - - - - - - -
Mymensing - 10 7 6 4 6 9 5 5 6 8
Chandpur - - - - 8 - - - - - -
Rangpur - - - - 10 - - - 9 5 6
Saidpur - - - - - 4 6 8 - - -
Khulna - - - - - 7 4 3 3 3 3
Dinajpur - - - - - 10 - - - 10 10
Narayangonj - - - - - - 3 4 - - -
Jessore - - - - - - - 10 10 8 9
Sylhet - - - - - - - - 8 - 5Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Bangladesh National Population Census Report - 1974 (Dhaka: Ministry of Planning, 1977); Bangladesh Population Census
1991 Urban Area Report (Dhaka: Ministry of Planning, 1997); Population Census 2001, National Report (Provisional) (Dhaka: Ministry of Planning, 2003).

11. Population and area size of Dhaka City (1700-2001)
Year Periods Population Area (sq.km)
1608 Pre-mughal 30,000 2
1700 Mughal period 900,000 40
1800 British period 200,000 4.5
1867 British period 51,636 10
1872 British period 69,212 20
1881 British period 80,358 20
1891 British period 83,358 20
1901 British period 104,385 20
1931 British period 161,922 20
1941 British period 239,728 25
1951 Pakistan period 411279 85
1961 Pakistan period 718766 125
1974 Bangladesh period 2068353 336
1981 Bangladesh Period 3440147 510
1991 Bangladesh period 6887459 1353
2001 Bangladesh period 10712206 1530
Source: J. Taylor, Sketch of the Topography and Statistics of Dacca (Calcutta: Military Orphan Press, 1840) & Bangladesh Bureau of
Statistics, Bangladesh National Population Census Report - 1974 (Dhaka: Ministry of Planning, 1977); Bangladesh Population Census
1991 Urban Area Report (Dhaka: Ministry of Planning, 1997); Population Census 2001 Preliminary Report (Dhaka: Ministry of Planning,
2001).

12. Industrialization
Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms
a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one, involving the extensive re-
organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing

13. Factors of Industrialization
 Better transportation
 Stable govt
 Stable economy
 Human resources
 Natural resources
 New technology

14. Figure: Relation between Industry and Education

15. Objectives of Industrialization:
Macro objectives of industrialization are-
To provide employment to working labour force
To increase GDP
To supply consumer, capital and intermediary goods
To support agriculture and service sectors
To improve balance of payment positive by promoting export industry and import substitute
industries

16. Name Industry Sector Headquarters Founded Notes
Adamjee Jute Mills Consumer goods Personal goods Narayanganj 1951 Jute mill, defunct 2002
Advanced Chemical Industries Conglomerates Dhaka 1968
Chemicals, foods, pharma,
consumer products,
logistics, consumer
electronics, automobile
services, communication
Akij Conglomerates Dhaka 1940
Textiles, tobacco, food &
beverage, cement,
ceramics, printing,
pharma, consumer
products, automobile,
hospital
Ananda Shipyard and Shipways Industrials Industrial transportation Dhaka 1983
Shipyard, part of Ananda
Group
ASM Chemical Industries Basic materials Chemicals Sreepur 2006 Industrial chemicals
Beximco Pharma Health care Pharmaceuticals Gazipur City 1980
Pharmaceuticals, part of
Beximco
Habib Group Conglomerates Chittagong 1947
Aviation, cement, paper,
energy, steel, textile
Ha-meem Group Consumer goods Clothing Dhaka 1984 Textiles, leather, jute mill
Industries in Dhaka

17. Jamuna Group Conglomerates Dhaka 1974
Textiles, chemicals,
construction, leather,
engineering, beverages,
media, advertisement"
Kazi Farms Group Consumer goods Food & beverage Dhaka 1996 Poultry
Meghna Group of Industries Conglomerates Dhaka 1976
Chemicals, foods and
beverages, printing and
packaging, shipping,
insurance
Monico Limited Industrials Construction & materials Dhaka 1986 Construction
Nasir Group Conglomerates Dhaka 1977
Glass, melamine,
printing and packaging,
light bulbs
Navana Group Conglomerates Dhaka 1964
Marketing, construction,
real estate
Otobi Consumer goods Personal & household goods Dhaka 1975 Furniture
Padma Oil Company Oil & gas Oil & gas producers Dhaka 1965
Paradise Group of Industries Conglomerates Narayanganj 1985
Electrical cable, textile,
engineering, real estate
Partex Group Conglomerates Dhaka 1959
Consumer goods, basic
materials, real estate,
oil & gas, industrial
transportation,
construction,
technology,
telecommunications

18. Impact of industrialization in Bangladesh
lay a major role in economic development
Provide a secure basis for a rapid of growth of income.
Help in raising the standard of living
Provide employment, meeting high income demands
Brings in technological progress and change in the outlook of the people
Has decreased the dependency on foreign resources

19. How to improve Industrialization problems
Unique nature of providing large scale employment
Higher labor-capital ratio & higher capital-output ratio
Needs relatively lower investment
Need a shorter gestation period and relatively smaller markets to be economic
Ensure balance regional development
Ensure a more equitable distribution of income
Quick respond to opportunities
Stimulate growth of entrepreneurship
Promote dispersal of pattern of ownership
Help facilitate effective mobilization of capital and skill

20. How does industrialization lead to urbanization?
Industrialization leads to urbanization by creating economic growth and job opportunities
that draw people to cities. The urbanization process typically begins when a factory or
multiple factories are established within a region, thus creating a high demand for
factory labor. Other businesses such as building manufacturers, retailers and service
providers then follow the factories in order to meet the product demands of the workers.
This creates even more jobs and demands for housing, thus establishing an urban area.

22. Problems of unplanned urbanization

23. How to solve unplanned urbanization?

24. Conclusion