Agronomical practices for soil and water conservation
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This presentation is aimed to provide you with a basic understanding of some simple concepts like soil conservation, soil erosion, soil pollution, etc and what agricultural methods we can use to conserve soil.
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Lithosphere
Soil can be defined as the uppermost layer of the earth's crust composed of weathered rock and organic matter that supports plant growth. Soil forms through the weathering of parent material due to factors like climate, organisms, and time. There are three main types of weathering - physical, chemical, and biological. Soil can become polluted through the addition of chemicals from fertilizers, pesticides, urban waste, and acid rain, which impacts soil quality and productivity. Key issues of soil pollution include salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging, and leachate contamination from landfills.
Soil degradation
The document discusses soil degradation, which is the decline in soil quality caused by improper use that reduces its ability to support plant growth. There are three main types of soil degradation: chemical, through loss of nutrients and increased acidity/salinity; physical, such as compaction and waterlogging; and biological, through reduced microbial activity. Soil degradation is caused by unsustainable land management practices like deforestation, overuse of nutrients, and cultivation on steep slopes. Its impacts include reduced food production, water shortages, lower incomes, and forced migration. Sustainable soil management aims to maintain soil organic matter, minimize tillage, and keep nitrogen and organic matter levels balanced through practices like cover cropping. In Pakistan,
Soil degradation
The detail information about types of soil degradation and factors affecting soil degradation.
SSAC-242 Problematic soil and their management.
Lecture No. 1 Soil Degradation- definition, types, factors, processes.
Land degradation-SHOBHANA
Land degradation is caused by human-induced processes like deforestation, poor farming practices, overgrazing, and mining activities that deteriorate the quality of land and resources. This leads to soil erosion, reduced nutrients and productivity, desertification, and loss of vegetation. Preventive measures include proper waste management, controlled mining, afforestation, and sustainable agricultural and grazing practices.
Kkk
The document discusses soil formation, characteristics, degradation, desertification, and pollution. It explains that soils are formed either in place from rock or from transported weathered rock and minerals. Most soils have distinct horizons that differ in composition and properties. The document then outlines several key soil characteristics like color, texture, structure, and pH. It also discusses how soil degradation and desertification can impact ecosystems and productivity. Lastly, it notes that irrigation and pesticide use can improve soils but also pollute them if overused.
Soil degradation in Bangladesh
Soil degradation is a major problem in Bangladesh that affects 43% of the country's land. The main types of soil degradation are chemical, physical, and biological. Key drivers include low soil fertility, overextraction of groundwater, waterlogging, and deforestation. This degradation leads to reduced crop yields and productivity. Prevention efforts include strip farming, crop rotation, and contour farming to reduce erosion and replenish soil nutrients. Overall soil degradation is a serious threat to Bangladesh's agricultural sector that requires effective policy measures and new sustainable land management practices.
Pathways of pesticide loss
Once applied to cropland, a number of things may happen to a pesticide (see Figure 1 ). It may be taken up
by plants and/or ingested by animals, insects, worms, or microorganisms in the soil; it may move downward
in the soil and either adhere to soil particles or dissolve; it may volatilize and enter the atmosphere; it may
be broken down into less toxic compounds by microbes and chemical reactions; it may be leached or
moved out of the plant's root zone by rain or irrigation water filtering through the soil; or it may be carried
away in runoff water on the soil surface or carried away while attached to eroding sediment.
Agricultural Soil Pollution and its reclamation to conserve soil and water
1) Agricultural soil pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate soil used for agriculture. Common causes include excess fertilizers and pesticides, solid wastes, and acid rain.
2) Fertilizers can make soil acidic or alkaline if used in excess, and pesticides can enter the food chain. Solid wastes from farming and industries pollute soil and spread diseases.
3) A case study found that tomato and spinach can help remediate soil polluted with heavy metals by absorbing the metals into their shoots. However, heavy metal pollution decreases soil organic content and plant growth. Proper waste disposal and reducing agricultural chemicals can help prevent soil pollution.
Recommended
Lithosphere
Soil can be defined as the uppermost layer of the earth's crust composed of weathered rock and organic matter that supports plant growth. Soil forms through the weathering of parent material due to factors like climate, organisms, and time. There are three main types of weathering - physical, chemical, and biological. Soil can become polluted through the addition of chemicals from fertilizers, pesticides, urban waste, and acid rain, which impacts soil quality and productivity. Key issues of soil pollution include salinity, alkalinity, waterlogging, and leachate contamination from landfills.
Soil degradation
The document discusses soil degradation, which is the decline in soil quality caused by improper use that reduces its ability to support plant growth. There are three main types of soil degradation: chemical, through loss of nutrients and increased acidity/salinity; physical, such as compaction and waterlogging; and biological, through reduced microbial activity. Soil degradation is caused by unsustainable land management practices like deforestation, overuse of nutrients, and cultivation on steep slopes. Its impacts include reduced food production, water shortages, lower incomes, and forced migration. Sustainable soil management aims to maintain soil organic matter, minimize tillage, and keep nitrogen and organic matter levels balanced through practices like cover cropping. In Pakistan,
Soil degradation
The detail information about types of soil degradation and factors affecting soil degradation.
SSAC-242 Problematic soil and their management.
Lecture No. 1 Soil Degradation- definition, types, factors, processes.
Land degradation-SHOBHANA
Land degradation is caused by human-induced processes like deforestation, poor farming practices, overgrazing, and mining activities that deteriorate the quality of land and resources. This leads to soil erosion, reduced nutrients and productivity, desertification, and loss of vegetation. Preventive measures include proper waste management, controlled mining, afforestation, and sustainable agricultural and grazing practices.
Kkk
The document discusses soil formation, characteristics, degradation, desertification, and pollution. It explains that soils are formed either in place from rock or from transported weathered rock and minerals. Most soils have distinct horizons that differ in composition and properties. The document then outlines several key soil characteristics like color, texture, structure, and pH. It also discusses how soil degradation and desertification can impact ecosystems and productivity. Lastly, it notes that irrigation and pesticide use can improve soils but also pollute them if overused.
Soil degradation in Bangladesh
Soil degradation is a major problem in Bangladesh that affects 43% of the country's land. The main types of soil degradation are chemical, physical, and biological. Key drivers include low soil fertility, overextraction of groundwater, waterlogging, and deforestation. This degradation leads to reduced crop yields and productivity. Prevention efforts include strip farming, crop rotation, and contour farming to reduce erosion and replenish soil nutrients. Overall soil degradation is a serious threat to Bangladesh's agricultural sector that requires effective policy measures and new sustainable land management practices.
Pathways of pesticide loss
Once applied to cropland, a number of things may happen to a pesticide (see Figure 1 ). It may be taken up
by plants and/or ingested by animals, insects, worms, or microorganisms in the soil; it may move downward
in the soil and either adhere to soil particles or dissolve; it may volatilize and enter the atmosphere; it may
be broken down into less toxic compounds by microbes and chemical reactions; it may be leached or
moved out of the plant's root zone by rain or irrigation water filtering through the soil; or it may be carried
away in runoff water on the soil surface or carried away while attached to eroding sediment.
Agricultural Soil Pollution and its reclamation to conserve soil and water
1) Agricultural soil pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate soil used for agriculture. Common causes include excess fertilizers and pesticides, solid wastes, and acid rain.
2) Fertilizers can make soil acidic or alkaline if used in excess, and pesticides can enter the food chain. Solid wastes from farming and industries pollute soil and spread diseases.
3) A case study found that tomato and spinach can help remediate soil polluted with heavy metals by absorbing the metals into their shoots. However, heavy metal pollution decreases soil organic content and plant growth. Proper waste disposal and reducing agricultural chemicals can help prevent soil pollution.
Biological sickness of soil
The document defines biological sickness of soils as an unfavorable condition for plant and microbe growth caused by biological problems that hinder decomposition and nutrient transformation. It discusses several types of biological sickness including low soil organic carbon, reduced soil respiration, lack of earthworms, and poor soil enzyme activity. The document then provides management practices for each type of sickness, such as no-till farming, manure application, and soil pH management, to improve soil biological conditions.
Credit Seminar on "Soil Contamination: Risk Assessment and Remediation"
The document is a seminar presentation on soil contamination. It begins with an introduction and overview of topics to be covered, including the definition of soil contamination, sources and causes, risk assessment, remediation, case studies, and conclusion. It then goes into detail on various sources of soil contamination such as sewage, heavy metals, pesticides, and urbanization. The risks from contamination are assessed based on toxicity, reactivity, and other factors. Remediation methods include physical removal, chemical fixation, and biological options like phytoremediation.
Soil erosion
There are two main types of soil erosion: geological erosion and accelerated erosion. Geological erosion occurs naturally through processes like rainfall, wind, and topography. Accelerated erosion is caused by human activities like deforestation, lack of soil conservation, and development. Some forms of accelerated erosion include sheet erosion, rill erosion, gully erosion, and wind erosion. Soil erosion can have negative impacts such as loss of agricultural production, loss of nutrients, reduced water infiltration, increased tillage costs, flooding, and land degradation.
soil erosion.pptx
This document discusses the causes and effects of soil erosion. The main causes are rainfall, agriculture, grazing, logging, mining, construction, and wind. Intense rainfall causes four types of erosion: rill, gully, sheet, and splash. Farming, grazing, deforestation, and mining disturb soil structures. Effects include loss of arable land, pollution of waterways, air pollution, desertification, and damaged infrastructure. Preventing soil erosion requires planting vegetation, adding mulch and rocks, using matting, and installing drainage systems.
EXTENT OF LAND DEGRADATION, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN UTTAR PRADESH
Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. Evaluating the precise magnitude of soil degradation and its impact on the environment
Pollution
The document discusses several types of pollution:
1) Water pollution occurs when harmful compounds from industrial and agricultural pollutants contaminate water bodies without adequate treatment.
2) Air pollution introduces harmful substances into the atmosphere from particulates and biological molecules, which can cause diseases and harm or death to humans, animals, and plants.
3) Soil pollution is caused by industrial activity and agricultural chemicals contaminating the natural soil environment. Improper waste disposal also contributes to soil contamination.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SOIL DEGRADATION
Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality from its original fertile state due to improper land use. It is caused by both natural processes and human activities. Key causes of human-induced soil degradation include water and wind erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, mining, urbanization, improper agricultural practices, and industrialization. This leads to issues like soil infertility, loss of arable land, reduced water quality, and negative impacts on biodiversity. Globally, soil degradation affects 1.5 billion people and is responsible for an estimated 84% of land degradation. It threatens food security and livelihoods around the world.
Soil Degradation/ Erosion
The document discusses causes of soil degradation including physical, chemical, and biological changes. Soil degradation occurs through processes like erosion, salinization, loss of fertility, and compaction. Erosion is caused by water and wind, and removes topsoil and nutrients. It is estimated that 75 billion metric tons of soil are lost globally each year to erosion. Physical degradation also includes surface crusting and hard pans, which impact plant growth and water movement. Chemical degradation involves salinization through salt accumulation and alkalization where high pH impacts plant viability.
Soil pollution
Soil pollution is defined as the contamination of soil from various sources that make the soil unfit for use. Common causes of soil pollution include industrial waste, agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, improper waste disposal, and acid rain. The effects of soil pollution are significant, including decreased soil fertility and crop yields, loss of nutrients, disturbance of soil ecology, increased soil salinity, and potential health issues from consumption of crops grown in polluted soil. Methods to control soil pollution involve minimizing pesticide use, changing crops periodically, proper disposal of medical waste, and following pollution regulations.
Land Degradation And Conservation
The document discusses causes of land degradation in India and measures for land conservation. Key causes include mining, overgrazing, over-irrigation, mineral processing, and industrial effluents. Conservation measures proposed include afforestation, controlling overgrazing, stabilizing sand dunes, managing waste lands, controlling mining activities, and proper disposal of industrial waste. The goal is to discuss soil classification in the next module.
Best Management Practices Reduce Soil Pollution and Improve Health of All: a ...
1) Best management practices like integrated nutrient, pest, and weed management as well as precision agriculture can reduce soil pollution and improve health.
2) These practices minimize chemical inputs, promote soil biodiversity, and target application of fertilizers and pesticides.
3) Bioremediation, phytoremediation, and use of salt-tolerant crops also help reduce pollution and degradation from contaminated soils.
Soil
Soil is a complex mixture of inorganic materials, living organisms, and dead organic matter that sustains physical, chemical, and biological functions to support plant and animal life. Soils form through physical and chemical weathering of rocks and biological processes. Soil characteristics include physical composition, pore content, permeability, organic material, temperature, mineral content, and water content. Soil can be degraded through erosion, acidification, salinization, compaction, and pollution from various natural and human-caused sources. Actions must be taken to assess, isolate, and eliminate soil pollution to prevent further environmental damage.
Soil pollution
1) The document is a PowerPoint presentation about soil pollution created by a student named Shivanand Jaiswal for a college course.
2) It defines soil pollution as resulting in a change in soil quality that can affect normal soil use or public health. Common causes of soil pollution discussed include excessive pesticide and fertilizer use, solid waste dumping, and erosion from overgrazing or deforestation.
3) The presentation outlines various effects of soil pollutants like being washed away, contaminating groundwater, or accumulating in animal tissues, and notes that soil pollutants like DDT and Agent Orange used in the Vietnam War have been linked to health issues in humans and wildlife.
Soil Pollution
Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals in soil at concentrations that pose risks to human health and ecosystems. Excess use and disposal of plastics, polythene wastes, and pesticides as well as industrial pollution can cause soil pollution by reducing soil fertility and nitrogen fixation, increasing erodibility, and larger loss of soil and nutrients which reduces crop yield and causes imbalances in soil fauna and flora.
Pollution studies on ground water contamination water
This document summarizes a study on groundwater contamination and water quality in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. It provides background on groundwater, noting that it is replenished from precipitation and often used for drinking, industry, and agriculture. The study area of Abeokuta lies within basement complex rocks and has problems locating productive aquifers. Groundwater potential depends on weathering and fracturing of the crystalline bedrock. Many people depend on hand-dug wells and groundwater, but supply is problematic especially in the dry season, with low yields and water quality issues from activities like urbanization.
Soil pollution
The document discusses soil formation and degradation. It states that soil is formed over long periods from the weathering of rock by various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Climate and time influence soil development, with warmer, wetter climates producing soil more rapidly. Mature soil consists of distinct horizontal layers called horizons. The document outlines some key causes of soil degradation, including erosion from wind and water; loss of nutrients due to harvesting without replenishing fertilizers; and salinization from irrigation in arid areas. Prevention of soil erosion involves techniques such as planting vegetation, using mulch, improving drainage, and reducing over-watering.
Compacted soil
Compacted Soil, Reduced air permeability.
• Reduced water infiltration.
• Restricted plant root growth.
• Restricted accessibility of nutrients due to the increase in bulk density and reduced soil pore size.
• Dry topsoil.
• Reduced soil pore size.
• Decreased oxygen diffusion causing anaerobic conditions in the soil.
• Increased soil water saturation.
• Increased denitrification processes in the soil which leads to increased N2O emission, decreased
available nitrogen in the soil, and reduced efficiency of nitrogen usage by crops which further lead
to an increase of fertilizer use.
• Reduced soil aeration.
• Reduced microbial biomass.
• Reduced number of macrofauna like Earthworm due to the reduction of large pores.
• Reduced crop yield,Causes,Management
Soil pollution
Soil pollution occurs due to the presence of man-made elements in soil from various sources such as municipal waste, industrial waste, fertilizers, pesticides, and radioactive materials. Soil pollution adversely impacts soil health, destroys nutrients, and harms organisms in soil. If left unchecked, soil pollution can reduce crop yields and contaminate the food chain, potentially impacting human health. Proper control methods include legislation, sustainable agricultural practices, public awareness campaigns, improved waste management infrastructure, and phytoremediation techniques. Overall, carefully managing soil quality is important for environmental and food security.
Soil Degradation In The Developing World With Sound
Soil degradation is a major problem in developing countries that has led to an estimated 11.9-13.4% loss in global agricultural supply over the past five years. Soil degradation is caused by lack of crop rotation, excessive irrigation, removal of crop residues, overgrazing, and excessive tillage. It is also exacerbated by soil erosion and brick making. Some ways to restore degraded soils include cover cropping, crop rotation, agroforestry, reduced or no tillage, and fertilization. Adopting soil best management practices can provide economic, social, and environmental benefits such as increased yields, reduced poverty, less hunger, sustainable farming, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
LAND DEGRADATION AND THEIR RESTORATION TECHNOLOGY.pptx
This document provides an overview of land degradation and restoration technologies. It discusses various types of land degradation including water and wind erosion, soil fertility decline, waterlogging, salinization, and lowering of the water table. Methods used for land restoration include improving soil organic carbon, agroforestry, shelterbelts, plantations, and organic farming techniques like green manures, cover crops, composting, and crop rotation. Biological soil remediation methods like phytoremediation, bioaugmentation, and land-based treatments can also aid in land restoration. Desalinization of saline soils involves drainage, leaching, use of salt-tolerant plants, and gypsum application.
Factors responsible for land degradation and management o...
The document discusses factors responsible for land degradation including population growth, human activities like deforestation and overgrazing, urbanization, and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. Specific causes mentioned are soil erosion, contamination, overgrazing, mining, and improper crop rotations. Methods to assess degradation include expert opinion, remote sensing, field monitoring, and productivity changes. Prevention strategies involve managing overgrazing, irrigation, urban sprawl, mining, and agricultural intensification through practices like strip farming, crop rotation, ridge and furrow formation, constructing dams, and contour farming.
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Biological sickness of soil
The document defines biological sickness of soils as an unfavorable condition for plant and microbe growth caused by biological problems that hinder decomposition and nutrient transformation. It discusses several types of biological sickness including low soil organic carbon, reduced soil respiration, lack of earthworms, and poor soil enzyme activity. The document then provides management practices for each type of sickness, such as no-till farming, manure application, and soil pH management, to improve soil biological conditions.
Credit Seminar on "Soil Contamination: Risk Assessment and Remediation"
The document is a seminar presentation on soil contamination. It begins with an introduction and overview of topics to be covered, including the definition of soil contamination, sources and causes, risk assessment, remediation, case studies, and conclusion. It then goes into detail on various sources of soil contamination such as sewage, heavy metals, pesticides, and urbanization. The risks from contamination are assessed based on toxicity, reactivity, and other factors. Remediation methods include physical removal, chemical fixation, and biological options like phytoremediation.
Soil erosion
There are two main types of soil erosion: geological erosion and accelerated erosion. Geological erosion occurs naturally through processes like rainfall, wind, and topography. Accelerated erosion is caused by human activities like deforestation, lack of soil conservation, and development. Some forms of accelerated erosion include sheet erosion, rill erosion, gully erosion, and wind erosion. Soil erosion can have negative impacts such as loss of agricultural production, loss of nutrients, reduced water infiltration, increased tillage costs, flooding, and land degradation.
soil erosion.pptx
This document discusses the causes and effects of soil erosion. The main causes are rainfall, agriculture, grazing, logging, mining, construction, and wind. Intense rainfall causes four types of erosion: rill, gully, sheet, and splash. Farming, grazing, deforestation, and mining disturb soil structures. Effects include loss of arable land, pollution of waterways, air pollution, desertification, and damaged infrastructure. Preventing soil erosion requires planting vegetation, adding mulch and rocks, using matting, and installing drainage systems.
EXTENT OF LAND DEGRADATION, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN UTTAR PRADESH
Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. Evaluating the precise magnitude of soil degradation and its impact on the environment
Pollution
The document discusses several types of pollution:
1) Water pollution occurs when harmful compounds from industrial and agricultural pollutants contaminate water bodies without adequate treatment.
2) Air pollution introduces harmful substances into the atmosphere from particulates and biological molecules, which can cause diseases and harm or death to humans, animals, and plants.
3) Soil pollution is caused by industrial activity and agricultural chemicals contaminating the natural soil environment. Improper waste disposal also contributes to soil contamination.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SOIL DEGRADATION
Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality from its original fertile state due to improper land use. It is caused by both natural processes and human activities. Key causes of human-induced soil degradation include water and wind erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, mining, urbanization, improper agricultural practices, and industrialization. This leads to issues like soil infertility, loss of arable land, reduced water quality, and negative impacts on biodiversity. Globally, soil degradation affects 1.5 billion people and is responsible for an estimated 84% of land degradation. It threatens food security and livelihoods around the world.
Soil Degradation/ Erosion
The document discusses causes of soil degradation including physical, chemical, and biological changes. Soil degradation occurs through processes like erosion, salinization, loss of fertility, and compaction. Erosion is caused by water and wind, and removes topsoil and nutrients. It is estimated that 75 billion metric tons of soil are lost globally each year to erosion. Physical degradation also includes surface crusting and hard pans, which impact plant growth and water movement. Chemical degradation involves salinization through salt accumulation and alkalization where high pH impacts plant viability.
Soil pollution
Soil pollution is defined as the contamination of soil from various sources that make the soil unfit for use. Common causes of soil pollution include industrial waste, agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, improper waste disposal, and acid rain. The effects of soil pollution are significant, including decreased soil fertility and crop yields, loss of nutrients, disturbance of soil ecology, increased soil salinity, and potential health issues from consumption of crops grown in polluted soil. Methods to control soil pollution involve minimizing pesticide use, changing crops periodically, proper disposal of medical waste, and following pollution regulations.
Land Degradation And Conservation
The document discusses causes of land degradation in India and measures for land conservation. Key causes include mining, overgrazing, over-irrigation, mineral processing, and industrial effluents. Conservation measures proposed include afforestation, controlling overgrazing, stabilizing sand dunes, managing waste lands, controlling mining activities, and proper disposal of industrial waste. The goal is to discuss soil classification in the next module.
Best Management Practices Reduce Soil Pollution and Improve Health of All: a ...
1) Best management practices like integrated nutrient, pest, and weed management as well as precision agriculture can reduce soil pollution and improve health.
2) These practices minimize chemical inputs, promote soil biodiversity, and target application of fertilizers and pesticides.
3) Bioremediation, phytoremediation, and use of salt-tolerant crops also help reduce pollution and degradation from contaminated soils.
Soil
Soil is a complex mixture of inorganic materials, living organisms, and dead organic matter that sustains physical, chemical, and biological functions to support plant and animal life. Soils form through physical and chemical weathering of rocks and biological processes. Soil characteristics include physical composition, pore content, permeability, organic material, temperature, mineral content, and water content. Soil can be degraded through erosion, acidification, salinization, compaction, and pollution from various natural and human-caused sources. Actions must be taken to assess, isolate, and eliminate soil pollution to prevent further environmental damage.
Soil pollution
1) The document is a PowerPoint presentation about soil pollution created by a student named Shivanand Jaiswal for a college course.
2) It defines soil pollution as resulting in a change in soil quality that can affect normal soil use or public health. Common causes of soil pollution discussed include excessive pesticide and fertilizer use, solid waste dumping, and erosion from overgrazing or deforestation.
3) The presentation outlines various effects of soil pollutants like being washed away, contaminating groundwater, or accumulating in animal tissues, and notes that soil pollutants like DDT and Agent Orange used in the Vietnam War have been linked to health issues in humans and wildlife.
Soil Pollution
Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals in soil at concentrations that pose risks to human health and ecosystems. Excess use and disposal of plastics, polythene wastes, and pesticides as well as industrial pollution can cause soil pollution by reducing soil fertility and nitrogen fixation, increasing erodibility, and larger loss of soil and nutrients which reduces crop yield and causes imbalances in soil fauna and flora.
Pollution studies on ground water contamination water
This document summarizes a study on groundwater contamination and water quality in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. It provides background on groundwater, noting that it is replenished from precipitation and often used for drinking, industry, and agriculture. The study area of Abeokuta lies within basement complex rocks and has problems locating productive aquifers. Groundwater potential depends on weathering and fracturing of the crystalline bedrock. Many people depend on hand-dug wells and groundwater, but supply is problematic especially in the dry season, with low yields and water quality issues from activities like urbanization.
Soil pollution
The document discusses soil formation and degradation. It states that soil is formed over long periods from the weathering of rock by various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Climate and time influence soil development, with warmer, wetter climates producing soil more rapidly. Mature soil consists of distinct horizontal layers called horizons. The document outlines some key causes of soil degradation, including erosion from wind and water; loss of nutrients due to harvesting without replenishing fertilizers; and salinization from irrigation in arid areas. Prevention of soil erosion involves techniques such as planting vegetation, using mulch, improving drainage, and reducing over-watering.
Compacted soil
Compacted Soil, Reduced air permeability.
• Reduced water infiltration.
• Restricted plant root growth.
• Restricted accessibility of nutrients due to the increase in bulk density and reduced soil pore size.
• Dry topsoil.
• Reduced soil pore size.
• Decreased oxygen diffusion causing anaerobic conditions in the soil.
• Increased soil water saturation.
• Increased denitrification processes in the soil which leads to increased N2O emission, decreased
available nitrogen in the soil, and reduced efficiency of nitrogen usage by crops which further lead
to an increase of fertilizer use.
• Reduced soil aeration.
• Reduced microbial biomass.
• Reduced number of macrofauna like Earthworm due to the reduction of large pores.
• Reduced crop yield,Causes,Management
Soil pollution
Soil pollution occurs due to the presence of man-made elements in soil from various sources such as municipal waste, industrial waste, fertilizers, pesticides, and radioactive materials. Soil pollution adversely impacts soil health, destroys nutrients, and harms organisms in soil. If left unchecked, soil pollution can reduce crop yields and contaminate the food chain, potentially impacting human health. Proper control methods include legislation, sustainable agricultural practices, public awareness campaigns, improved waste management infrastructure, and phytoremediation techniques. Overall, carefully managing soil quality is important for environmental and food security.
Soil Degradation In The Developing World With Sound
Soil degradation is a major problem in developing countries that has led to an estimated 11.9-13.4% loss in global agricultural supply over the past five years. Soil degradation is caused by lack of crop rotation, excessive irrigation, removal of crop residues, overgrazing, and excessive tillage. It is also exacerbated by soil erosion and brick making. Some ways to restore degraded soils include cover cropping, crop rotation, agroforestry, reduced or no tillage, and fertilization. Adopting soil best management practices can provide economic, social, and environmental benefits such as increased yields, reduced poverty, less hunger, sustainable farming, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
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Credit Seminar on "Soil Contamination: Risk Assessment and Remediation"
Credit Seminar on "Soil Contamination: Risk Assessment and Remediation"
EXTENT OF LAND DEGRADATION, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN UTTAR PRADESH
EXTENT OF LAND DEGRADATION, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN UTTAR PRADESH
Best Management Practices Reduce Soil Pollution and Improve Health of All: a ...
Best Management Practices Reduce Soil Pollution and Improve Health of All: a ...
Pollution studies on ground water contamination water
Pollution studies on ground water contamination water
Soil Degradation In The Developing World With Sound
Soil Degradation In The Developing World With Sound
Similar to Agronomical practices for soil and water conservation
LAND DEGRADATION AND THEIR RESTORATION TECHNOLOGY.pptx
This document provides an overview of land degradation and restoration technologies. It discusses various types of land degradation including water and wind erosion, soil fertility decline, waterlogging, salinization, and lowering of the water table. Methods used for land restoration include improving soil organic carbon, agroforestry, shelterbelts, plantations, and organic farming techniques like green manures, cover crops, composting, and crop rotation. Biological soil remediation methods like phytoremediation, bioaugmentation, and land-based treatments can also aid in land restoration. Desalinization of saline soils involves drainage, leaching, use of salt-tolerant plants, and gypsum application.
Factors responsible for land degradation and management o...
The document discusses factors responsible for land degradation including population growth, human activities like deforestation and overgrazing, urbanization, and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. Specific causes mentioned are soil erosion, contamination, overgrazing, mining, and improper crop rotations. Methods to assess degradation include expert opinion, remote sensing, field monitoring, and productivity changes. Prevention strategies involve managing overgrazing, irrigation, urban sprawl, mining, and agricultural intensification through practices like strip farming, crop rotation, ridge and furrow formation, constructing dams, and contour farming.
Land degradation
Land degradation is the deterioration of land quality caused by human activities and natural processes. It is defined as changes to land resources that negatively impact its productivity. The main causes are soil erosion by wind and water, deforestation, overgrazing, intensive agriculture, industrialization, and urbanization. Effects include soil degradation, drought, desertification, loss of arable land, increased flooding, and pollution. Prevention methods center around sustainable land management practices like crop rotation, terracing, mulching, and use of windbreaks to control erosion and replenish soil nutrients.
Erosion of soils
Soil erosion is the removal of topsoil by various agents like rain, water, wind, ice or gravity. It is distinguished from weathering, which is the breakdown of minerals in rocks. The consequences of soil erosion can be seen both on-site and off-site. On-site effects are soil loss and decline in organic matter, while off-site problems include sedimentation that can pollute water bodies. The main types of erosion are wind erosion, water erosion and gravity erosion. Soil erosion is caused by climatic factors like rainfall, land use practices, soil properties, hydrology, and topography. Conservation techniques aim to reduce erosion and include practices like contour plowing, terracing, crop rotation and aff
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This document provides information about different types of soils. It begins with introducing the topic of soil geography and defining what soil is. It then discusses several key components that make up soil, such as mineral particles, air, water, organic matter, and texture. The document also examines different types of soils like black soil, red soil, laterite soil, desert soil, mountain soil, and saline/alkaline soils. It provides details on the composition, characteristics, and geographical distribution of each soil type. Finally, the document concludes with introducing the branches of soil sciences including pedology, edaphology, and soil geography.
SOIL DEGRADATION AND CONSERVATION
Soil degradation and erosion are problems that reduce soil quality and fertility. Conservation methods aim to preserve soil for sustainable use. In the USA, the Tennessee Valley Authority addressed severe erosion through dams, reforestation, and encouraging improved farming practices. Similarly, in Tanzania, contour ridging, manure use, fallowing, and resettlement programs have helped curb erosion in areas like Kondoa. Overall, successful soil conservation requires community participation, education, and coordinated efforts across multiple scales.
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This document provides an overview of soil degradation as presented in a slideshow. It defines soil degradation, outlines its global impacts, and describes various causes and types of degradation including erosion, salinization, contamination, and compaction. The document discusses the impacts of degradation on food production and people, including effects on crop yields, income, migration, and conflict. It presents principles of sustainable soil management including maintaining soil life, organic matter, cover crops, and nutrient levels. Specific management techniques are provided such as conservation tillage, organic farming, and integrated nutrient management. Tools to build soil quality include terracing, contour farming, cover crops, and amendments.
Soil Degradation
The document discusses soil degradation, land degradation, and desertification. Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality from improper use, while land degradation is the reduction in biological or economic productivity of land. Desertification is the process by which productive land becomes desert-like due to factors like drought, deforestation, or agriculture. It threatens 2 billion people and contributes $42 billion in annual losses. Prevention requires protecting vegetation cover, integrating land uses, and developing alternative livelihoods to reduce pressure on the land.
Land degradation and their restoration technology
This document provides an overview of land degradation, restoration techniques, and the Indian scenario. It discusses the types and causes of land degradation including soil erosion, fertility decline, waterlogging, and salinization. It then outlines methods used in India to assess and classify land degradation. The document concludes by describing various land restoration methods like improving soil carbon, establishing plantations, using organic farming techniques, and bioremediation.
Presentation Soil Solidification
This document discusses various topics relating to soil, including solidification, acidification, alkalization, and pollution. It defines soil solidification as stabilizing soil using binding agents like cement or lime. The key techniques are cement, lime, chemical, thermal, and microbial solidification. Soil solidification has applications in construction and environmental remediation. The document also discusses the causes, processes, and impacts of soil acidification and alkalization. Finally, it addresses soil pollution sources, causes, and remediation methods such as phytoremediation, bioremediation, soil washing, and thermal treatment.
EVS VIVA PARI JATIN OJASWI.pptx
Land is a critical resource that makes up 1/5 of the Earth's surface and is used for agriculture, mining, water storage, and habitat. Land degradation through soil erosion, desertification, and other processes threatens these uses. Soil erosion is the wearing away of topsoil by forces like wind and water, and is caused by deforestation, overgrazing, heavy rainfall, and improper cultivation techniques. Desertification is land degradation specific to arid regions caused by issues like deforestation, overexploitation, climate change, and poor agricultural practices. Conservation strategies to address these problems include agroforestry, wind breaks, conservation tillage, crop rotation, terracing, reforestation, and controlled grazing.
Soil erosion conservation
A presentation on soil erosion conservation consisting of causes of erosion, need for soil conservation along with various prevention techniques for soil conservation.
Land degradation
Land degradation refers to the reduction in soil quality and fertility due to various human and environmental factors. It is a major challenge for sustainable development. The causes of land degradation include deforestation, soil erosion, mining, unsustainable agricultural practices, and urban expansion. These activities can lead to declines in soil quality, water availability, biodiversity, and agricultural productivity. Conservation measures to prevent land degradation involve practices like strip farming, crop rotation, contour farming, and construction of bunds and ridges to reduce soil erosion. Sustainable land management aims to utilize land resources for production without reducing long-term productivity through practices informed by climate information.
Ecological effects of soil pollution and it’s management.pptx
This document discusses ecological effects of soil pollution and its management. It begins by defining soil pollution as any undesirable changes to the physical, chemical, or biological properties of soil that are harmful. It then discusses major causes of soil pollution like use of chemicals, soil erosion, industrial and urban waste, and radioactive waste. The effects of soil pollution include threats to human health, economic losses, air and water contamination, and negative impacts on plant life. Control measures proposed include reducing chemical usage, waste treatment, and bioremediation techniques. The document stresses the lack of specific legislation around soil pollution regulation.
Environmental Topic : Soil Pollution by Afzalul Hoda.pptx
Presented by Afzalul Hoda
M.Sc. in Environmental Science and Currently working as Environmental Specialist.
The presentation includes the following topics;
1. What is Soil?
2. Pedogenesis Or Soil Formation
3. Soil Horizon Or Layer of Soil
4. Pollution and Soil Pollution
5. Types of Soil Pollution
6. Source of Soil Pollution
7. Effects of Soil Pollution
8. Prevention of Soil Pollution
Durlov(20103402).pptx
This document summarizes a presentation on soil solidification, acidification, alkalinization, and pollution. The presentation was given by Md. Maksudul Amin Talukder to Professor Dr. Ashraf Ali Seddique at Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University. It defines each topic, discusses their causes and effects, and outlines methods for control and management. Soil solidification strengthens soil through additives like cement or fly ash. Acidification decreases soil pH below 6-7 due to factors like acid rain. Alkalinization increases pH above 7-8 through natural or human causes. Pollution contaminates soil from waste and industrial activities, harming fertility,
Land degradation and its management
This document discusses land degradation and its management. It defines land degradation as changes to soil quality that negatively impact fertility. Key points made include:
1) Over 50% of agricultural land is moderately to severely degraded, with 75 billion tons of fertile soil disappearing each year and 12 million hectares lost to drought/desertification annually.
2) Causes of land degradation include deforestation, soil erosion, mining, industrialization, unsustainable agriculture, and urban expansion.
3) Effects are declines in soil properties, water availability, biodiversity, and productivity which threaten food/water security.
4) Sustainable land management techniques like crop rotation, contour farming and bund construction can help reduce
Land degradation and its management
This document discusses land degradation and its management. It defines land degradation as changes to soil quality that negatively impact fertility. Key points made include:
1) Over 50% of agricultural land is moderately to severely degraded, with 75 billion tons of fertile soil disappearing each year and 12 million hectares lost to drought/desertification annually.
2) Causes of land degradation include deforestation, soil erosion, mining, industrialization, unsustainable agriculture, and urban expansion.
3) Effects are declines in soil properties, water availability, biodiversity, and productivity which threaten food/water security.
4) Sustainable land management techniques like crop rotation, contour farming and bund construction can help reduce
Land polluction for ES
This document discusses land pollution and degradation. It begins by defining land pollution as the addition of substances that negatively impact soil properties and productivity. It then describes the three main layers of the Earth's crust (lithosphere, mantle, core) before discussing various land uses including agriculture, housing, industry, and transportation. Causes of land degradation like soil erosion, salination, shifting cultivation, and desertification are also outlined. The document concludes by recommending measures to control land pollution such as proper waste disposal, reforestation, use of biofertilizers, and recycling.
Similar to Agronomical practices for soil and water conservation (20)
LAND DEGRADATION AND THEIR RESTORATION TECHNOLOGY.pptx
LAND DEGRADATION AND THEIR RESTORATION TECHNOLOGY.pptx
Factors responsible for land degradation and management o...
Factors responsible for land degradation and management o...
Ecological effects of soil pollution and it’s management.pptx
Ecological effects of soil pollution and it’s management.pptx
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Environmental Topic : Soil Pollution by Afzalul Hoda.pptx
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
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原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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Biomimicry in agriculture: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Greener Future
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按照学校原版(UAL文凭证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证快速办理
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学校原版(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
快速办理(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Calabria毕业证书)卡拉布里亚大学毕业证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版西澳大学毕业证学历证书如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《西澳大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Agronomical practices for soil and water conservation
- 1. AGRONOMICAL PRACTICES FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION Group No: - 6 Bsc.(Ag) 4th year School Of Agriculture ITM University Gwalior
- 2. Soil Conservation • Definition: - preventing soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination. Images showing contamination of soil
- 3. Soil Erosion • Definition: - Displacement of the upper layer of soil, one form of soil degradation. Images depicting Soil Erosion
- 4. Causes Of Soil Erosion • Water runoff and rainfall intensity. • Slope of the land. • Soil texture. • Deforestation. • Wind Erosion. • Land tillage. • Overgrazing. • Harsh climatic conditions. • Erodibility of soil. • Other Human activities.
- 6. Soil Pollution Definition: - Soil pollution is the presence of toxic chemicals in the soil in high or enough concentration to pose a threat to human health or ecosystem.
- 7. Causes of soil pollution • Agricultural activities involving the diffusion of herbicides and chemical substances. • Chemical waste dumping. • Storage of waste in landfills. • Mining activities. • Unfavourable and harmful irrigation practices. • Unhealthy waste management techniques.
- 8. Agronomical Practices for soil Conservation • Contour ploughing. • Terrace farming. • Keyline design. • Perimeter runoff control. • Windbreaks. • Cover crops. • Crop rotation. • Soil conservational farming. • Salinization management.
- 9. Contour ploughing Terrace farming Wind Break No till farming Crop rotation