This presentation summarizes key topics relating to soil solidification, acidification, alkalinization, and pollution. It was presented by Md. Alimuzzaman Sarkar Piyash to Professor Dr. Ashraf Ali Seddique at Jatiya Kabi kazi Nazrul Islam University for their Environmental Geochemistry course. The presentation defines each topic, discusses causes and impacts, and provides examples of techniques and management strategies.

2.  Presentation On: Soil solidification, acidification, alkalinization, and
pollution.
Course Name: Environmental Geochemistry
Course code: ESE-2203
 Presented to:
 Professor Dr. Ashraf Ali Seddique
 Dept. of Environmental Science & Engineering
 Jatiya Kabi kazi Nazrul Islam University.
 Presented by:
 Md. Alimuzzaman Sarkar Piyash
 ID No: 20103434
 Session: 2019-20
 Dept. of Environmental Science & Engineering
 Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University.

3. Soil
Definition
Soil, also commonly referred to as
earth, is a mixture of organic
matter, minerals, gases, liquids,
and organisms that together
support life of plants and soil
organisms. Some scientific
definitions distinguish dirt from
soil by restricting the former term
specifically to displaced soil

4. Soil solidification
Definition
Soil solidification, also known as
soil stabilization, is a process that
involves improving the engineering
properties of soil to enhance its
strength, stability, and load-
bearing capacity
Techniques
 *Compaction: Compaction involves
mechanically densifying the soil by
applying pressure, typically using
heavy machinery like rollers or
compactors.
 *Chemical Stabilization: Chemical
additives are introduced to the soil
to alter its properties and improve
its strength.
 *Grouting: Grouting is a process
where a fluid grout material is
injected into the soil. The grout fills
the voids within the soil, creating a
more solid and stable mass.

5. Soil solidification
Importantce of soil solidification
 *Foundation Stability
 *Earthquake Resistance
 *Erosion Control
 *Contaminated Soil
Remediation
 *Construction Efficiency
 *Environmental Protection
Several factors can contribute to
soil acidification:
 1.Acidic Rainfall
 2.Acidic Fertilizers
 3.Leaching
 4.Organic Matter
Decomposition.

6. Soil solidification
Impacts of soil acidification :
 1.Nutrient Availability
 2.Toxicity of Certain Elements
 3.Microbial Activity
 4.Soil Structure and Drainage
 5.Plant Health and Productivity
 6.Liming Requirement

7. Soil acidification
Definition
Soil acidification is the buildup of
hydrogen cations, which reduces
the soil pH. Chemically, this
happens when a proton donor gets
added to the soil. The donor can be
an acid, such as nitric acid, sulfuric
acid, or carbonic acid.
Several factors can contribute to
soil acidification:
 1.Acidic Rainfall
 2.Acidic Fertilizers
 3.Leaching
 4.Organic Matter
Decomposition
Impacts of soil acidification :
 1.Nutrient Availability
 2.Toxicity of Certain Elements
 3.Microbial Activity
 4.Soil Structure and Drainage
 5.Plant Health and Productivity
 6.Liming Requirement

8. Soil alkalinization
Definition
Soil alkalization refers to the
process of increasing the pH level
of soil, making it more alkaline or
basic. It is the opposite of soil
acidification, which involves
decreasing the pH level to make
the soil more acidic.
Causes of Soil Alkalization:
 1.Parent Material
 2.Irrigation Practices
 3.Leaching
 4.Industrial activities
 5.Weathering of minerals
 6.High pH groundwater

9. Soil alkalinization
Effects of Soil Alkalization:
 1.Nutrient Availability
 2.Toxicity
 3.Microbial Activity
Soil Alkalization Management:
 1.Soil Testing
 2.Acidifying Agents
 3.Proper Irrigation and Drainage
 4.Organic Matter
 5.Crop Selection

10. Soil pollution
Definition
Soil pollution is defined as the
presence of toxic chemicals
(pollutants or contaminants) in
soil, in high enough concentrations
to pose a risk to human health
and/or the ecosystem.
Types of Soil ​Pollution
 *Agriculture soil pollution is
caused due to the excessive use
of pesticides and insecticides.
 *Soil Pollution by industrial
discharges of chemicals from
mining and manufacturing of
goods.
 *Solid waste soil pollution/ Poor
management or inefficient
disposal of waste.Soil Pollution
due to urban activities. etc

11. Soil pollution
Causes of Soil Pollution
 *Industrial waste
 *Deforestation
 *Excessive use of fertilisers and
pesticides
 *Garbage pollution
 *Waste Disposal
 *Acid Rain
Effects of Soil Pollution
 *Climate change
 *Loss of soil fertility
 *Impact on human health
 *Effect on Growth of Plants
 *Changes in Soil Structure
 *Poisoning of the Underground
Water Table

12. Soil pollution
How to Reduce Soil Pollution
 *Reforestation
 *Controlled farming practices
 *Bioremediation
 *Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse
 *Use biodegradable products
 *Reduce the use of pesticides
and fertilisers

13. Thank You