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2.  It is an acute bacterial infection of the
respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis .
It is also known as whooping cough due to a
characteristic sound produced during coughing.

3.  Pertussis is caused by Bordetella
pertussis. It is a a gram negative
negative bacteria. The bacteria
survives only for very short
periods outside the human
body.

4.  Source of infection of pertussis is a patient of
pertussis and mode of transmission is droplet
infection and direct contact. Incubation period
is 7 – 14 days.

5.  pertussis produces a local infection and causes
inflammation and necrosis of the mucosa leading to
secondary bacterial invasion. Based on sign and symptoms
pertussis have 3 stages-
 (a) catarrhal stage
 (b) paroxysmal stage
 (c) convalescent stage

6.  This stage is characterized by common cold like
symptoms such as lacrimation, sneezing, coryza,
anorexia, malaise and mild cough. This stage
lasts up to 10 days

7.  paroxysmal stage is characterized by bursts of rapid,
consecutive coughs followed by a deep, high-pitched
inspiration (whoop). It is usually followed by
vomiting. In young infants it may cause cyanosis and
apnoea. This stage lasts up to 2-4 weeks

8.  This stage begins approximately 4 weeks after
onset of disease and lasts for 1-2 weeks. Slow
recovery starts in this phase. Episodes of
coughing becomes less frequent in this stage.

9.  Complications occur in 5-6 per cent of cases,
most frequently in infants aged less than 6
months. The chief complications of pertussis are
bronchitis; bronchopneumonia.and
bronchiectasis.

10.  Presence of sign and symptoms indicates
pertussis.
 For confirmation nose or throat sab culture test
is done.
 Complete Blood count is also done

11.  Medical management of pertussis includes use
of antibiotics such as erythromycin, ampicillin,
septran or tetracycline. erythromycin is the
drug of choice in the treatment of pertussis.

12.  Immunization is the most rational approach to
pertussis control. It is available in combination
as DPT or pentavalent vaccine. It is included in
national immunization schedule in India.

13.  Health education regarding routine immunization
play an important role in preventing vaccine
preventable diseases including pertussis.
 Notification and reporting of pertussis to authorities
is another important measure to prevent spread of
pertussis in community.

14.  Isolation of the patient till the period of
infectivity is also a good preventive measure.
 During epidemics protection of health workers
through chemoprophylaxis is also considered.

15. By – SURESH KUMAR ( Nursing Tutor )