2. Guidance
Guidance means to stimulate and help
the students to set up worth-while,
achievable purposes and develop
abilities.
3. Guidance is purposeful process. It is
assistance to the person which
contributes for his development and
brings excellence at the jobs
performances.
Objectives of
Guidance
4. 1. To develop competency to
solve the problems related to
individual adjustment and
social process.
2. To assist individual to
adjust adequately with the
environment.
4. To provide the
awareness of his
potentialities and
abilities.
5. To help him for
developing potentialities
and abilities.
It is essential in every walk of
life.
3. To provide information about
educational and vocational
opportunities or occupational
information.
6. To organize the follow-up
programs for the job placement
and evaluation of its
effectiveness.
It has the following
objectives:
5. Guidance is not a panacea or remedy for
all types of problems but has some
specific functions. It is a process of
helping younger persons learns to adjust
to self, to others and to circumstances.
Functions of
Guidance
6. 1. Guidance helps
in good
adjustment in all
situations.
2. The task of guidance is to assist the
individual learner to discover his unique
personal resources, to develop them properly
and to use them wisely in the pursuits of his
goals that are satisfying to him and constructive
for society.
4. In the rapid change and progress, growing
persons need to help in learning to adjust to
themselves, to other people to changing
situations. Guidance may be regarded as the
process of providing his type of help.
5. The task of guidance is to
have accurate measurement
and diagnostic procedure for
scientific remedial assistance.
3. It is a scientific procedure applied to develop
the concept of guidance has been so richly
productive that it is not inappropriate to refer to
guidance in broad sense as a new dimension of
creative teaching.
6. Guidance has a
positive interest in both
preparative and remedial
assistance.
Some of the important
functions are enumerated
here:
7. 7. It has the uniqueness
for the individual need for
personalized assistance.
8. The main function of guidance is to
provide assistance when, where and when
and to whom is needed. Thus it is very
specific and individual procedure for
helping the individual.
10. The function of guidance is to help the
child for maintaining relationship between
his abilities and the demands of his
environment with proper emphasis upon
maturation of capacities for socialized self-
direction.
11. It has the contribution into the fact-
“Individual emerges in theory and
disappears in practice.” Guidance contributes
in the emergence of an individual for
adjusting in the class and society at large.
Guidance is for all and for all stages, but not
for a few.
9. Guidance is not a trial and error method
but it is well planned and well organized
action that aims to provide many of the
individual and group experiences that pupil
for growing up in family and school.
12. Guidance is the key
stone for the school
progress. It makes
teaching more effective
and purposive.
Some of the important
functions are enumerated
here:
9. EDUCATIONAL
GUIDANCE
The guidance is provided by the teacher to
students for their educational problems, is known
as educational guidance. It is based on student’s
cumulative records.
It is used in the following purposes:
(a) In the choice of study subjects in school, and
(b) In removing the specific deficiencies of
students related to study.
(c) In identifying the causes of their failure by
using diagnostic tests in the study subjects.
(d) In providing the remedial teaching for the
learning weakness of the students.
10. VOCATIONAL
GUIDANCE
This type of guidance is given for choosing the
job and problems of certain jobs.
The following types of tests are used for their
potentialities:
(a) Differential aptitudes tests.
(b) Intelligence tests and aptitude tests.
(c) Personality and interest inventories, and
(d) Achievement and scholastic aptitude tests.
11. PERSONAL
GUIDANCE
This type of guidance is provided for the personal
problems of an individual or other than educational and
vocational problems.
These are:
(a) Family and home problems.
(b) Financial or economic problems.
(c) Physical-disabilities of the individual.
(d) Emotional adjustment and anxiety or curiosities.
(e) Social relationship of the individual and husband
wife relations problems.
(f) School and peers relation or classmates relation,
may be isolated in the class.
12. (1) Educational
(2) Vocational
(3) Social and Civic activities
(4) Health and physical
activities
(5) Character building
activities, and
(6) The use of leisure time.
The Types of
Guidance
According to
Proctor (1930):
The Classification
of Guidance
According to
Breaver (1932):
(1) Educational guidance
(2) Vocational guidance
(3) Health guidance
(4) Economic guidance, and
(5) Personal guidance.
13. (1) Anecdotal records
(2) Achievement and diagnostic test
(3) Psychological tests personality, adjustment,
interest inventories
(4) Case-study
(5) Autobiography
(6) Rating
(7) Sociometry or Sociogram
(8) Questionnaire
(9) Observation
(10) Interview techniques
(11) School cumulative records
(12) Check list
(13) Clinical test, eye sight, hearing or audio-test
(14) Adjustment inventories, and
(15) Conferences with the pupils.
Types of Tools Used in
Guidance
Various types of tools are employed in
guidance services which have been
mentioned as follows:
14. Advantages of
Guidance
(1) It helps the pupil to understand
himself.
(2) It helps the pupil in making careful
choice of subjects and courses.
(3) It enables the teacher to understand
the strengths and weaknesses of his
pupil.
15. Principles of
Guidance
The principles of guidance certainly form
the basis of the need of guidance.
Furthermore, principles of guidance are
important principles without which
guidance cannot take place.
16. 0
1
Principle of all-round development-
Guidance must take into account the all-
round development of the person.
Furthermore, guidance must ensure this
desirable adjustment in any specific area
of the individual’ personality.
0
2
Principle of human uniqueness-
Certainly no two individuals are alike.
Furthermore, individuals differ in
mental, social, physical, and emotional
development. Moreover, guidance must
recognise these important differences
and guide individuals according to their
specific need.
0
3
Principle of human uniqueness- Certainly
no two individuals are alike. Furthermore,
individuals differ in mental, social, physical,
and emotional development. Moreover,
guidance must recognise these important
differences and guide individuals according
to their specific need.
0
4
Principle of cooperation- This principle
states that there cannot be any force on
any individual regarding guidance.
Moreover, the cooperation and consent
of the individual is a pre-requisite for
providing guidance.
Below are the principles of
guidance:
17. 0
5
Principle of continuity- The principle says
that the guidance must take place as a
continuous process to an individual.
Also, this guidance must take place in
different stages of the individual’s life.
0
6
Principle of extension- In this principle,
there should not be a limitation of
guidance to a few individuals. Most
noteworthy, the extension of guidance
must be to all individuals of all ages.
0
7
Principle of adjustment- It is certainly true
that guidance influences every aspect of
an individual’s life. However, guidance is
chiefly concerned with a person’s mental
or physical health. Furthermore, this
adjustment takes place at school, home,
society, and vocation.
Below are the principles of
guidance:
19. Different stages of
development
0
1
The division of an individual’s life can take place
into various stages. These stages are infant,
childhood, pre-adolescent, adolescence and
manhood. So, an individual needs guidance in
every stage of life. Maximum guidance is required
during the adolescence stage.
Differences among
persons
0
2
Psychology inform us that no individuals are
alike. Furthermore, no two individuals get
similar opportunities in life. Therefore, every
individual requires guidance, in order to find
out the most suitable profession for him.
Career Maturity
0
3
Guidance is certainly essential for the
development of a positive work attitude.
Furthermore, guidance would help build
suitable habits and values towards one’s
work or profession.
Educational
growth
0
4
Guidance certainly helps in the
development of educational skills and
abilities. Above all, these skills would
facilitate learning and achievement.
Below are some factors which
highlight the need for guidance:
20. Psychological
Factors
0
5
refer to the individual differences and intra-
individual differences among his students. Rate of
growth and development—physical, social,
emotional and mental information’s are essential
for a teacher. He should know their aptitudes and
interests in the school subjects and jobs.
Social Factors
0
6
Education is a social process of development.
There is increase of enrolment in school and
colleges. The large number of students are
admitted in a class, so the personal contact of
teacher and taught is not possible.
There are diversifications of courses.
Philosophical
Factors
0
7
There is a rapid change in social philosophy and
values of the society. An elective approach is used to
formulate the objectives of education. There is a
cultural and social difference in the classroom it
amounts to adjustment problems in the class. It
requires guidance for their adjustment.
Scientific and
Technological Factor
0
8
The present era is of scientific and
technological advancement in the
developing countries. It also causes the
adjustment problems in the society. The
computer science has greatly influenced
our daily life activities. It requires the
proper guidance for new type problems.
Below are some factors which
highlight the need for guidance:
21. Some specific areas require
guidance services:
(a) Mass education needs group and individual guidance.
(b) Improving the quality of man and man power.
(c) Democratic set up requires talents and excellence in
various fields to provide leadership.
(d) Guidance is a new process of creative thinking and
creative teaching and
(e) Guidance is an art of high level of helping boys and
girls to plan their own action wisely.
22. To conclude:
1. It is a help given by one person to another in solving problem.
2. It is not giving directions and imposition of one person’s point
of view upon another person.
3. It is not making decisions for an individual which he should
make for himself.
4. It is formal as well as informal process of guidance.
5. Guidance is usually given by qualified and trained person to
develop own point view of one self.
23. To conclude:
6. It is a continuous and life long process for all sphere or walk
of life.
7. It is a purposive process in making choices for his
adjustment and solving problems.
8. It enables the individual to take decision to grow
independently and he is responsible for himself.
9. It stimulates and helps the students to set-up worthwhile. It
is a process of development.
10. There are people who need help and there are people who
can help them.
24. To conclude:
11. Guidance and teaching are inseparable to one another.
12. It converts the reality into satisfaction to himself and benefit to society.
13. It provides richer experiences for making his-own contribution to our
democratic society.
14. It is mentally effort to conserve the priceless native capacities of youth
and costly training provided for youth in school.
15. It is related to the life goals and makes desirable member of the social
order.
16. The intelligent guidance makes the teaching-learning process most
effective. Teaching is incomplete without proper guidance.
