Basic skills of counselling

2. Basic Skills of Counselling
Presented by: Salma Munir(1079)
Sana Mubashir (1082)
Sobia Sultan (1097)
Syeda Aneeqa Mahfooz(1103)
Zainab Iqbal(1109)
Zartaj Khan(1110)

3. Counselling
•According to Carl Rogers,
“Counselling is a
series of direct contacts with the individual
which aims to offer him assistance in
changing his attitude & behaviours.”

4. Identifying elementary social problems
the classroom teacher can resolve
• An elementary school student is fun and challenging to
work with.
•Bullying:-
One of the common problems school guidance
counselors come across in elementary is bullying. Research
shows nine out of ten elementary students have
experienced being bullied by their classmates and peers. Six
out of ten showed that they have participated on some
bullying themselves.

5. Continue………
Relationship with
family and Parents:-
• Home issues are common
problems of High school
students that counselors
regularly address.The student
may be undergoing the
divorce of parents or the lack
of time they spend with them.
Substance Abuse:-
•As peer pressure is most
powerful during School, it
is also a common problem
that adolescents are
pressured into smoking or
trying drugs in order to
get their peers' approval.

6. Decisions about major,
career, or just higher
education in general:-
This is a common
problem for this level.
Some individuals are
unsure of what they
want to do with their
lives after graduating.

7. Teacher planning to solve problem
1)Identify the problem
2)List all possible solutions
3)Explore the consequences of the
suggested solutions
4)Prioritize the solutions

8. Exercising Basic skills of Counselling
in a Controlled Situation
•Active listening:-
Active listening entails listening to the content,
voice, and body language of the person speaking (Corey &
Corey, 2001).
1. Listening
It Is the most important skill in counselling. It is the process of
‘hearing’ the other person.

9. Cont.……
•Three aspects of listening;
•Linguistic: actual words, phrases and metaphors used to
convey feelings.
•Paralinguistic: not words themselves but timing, accent,
volume, pitch, etc.
•Non-verbal: ‘body language’ or facial expression, use of
gestures, body position and movement, proximity or
touch in relation to the counsellor

10. Cont.…..
2. Body Language
3. Proxemics:- The branch of knowledge that deals with
the amount of space that people feels it necessary to set
between themselves and others
4. Attending behaviour

11. Reflection
• In counselling, to reflect a comment is to restate it, conveying that you
understand the content, the feeling behind it or both.The purpose of
reflecting is two fold.
Purposes of a Reflection
• Helps clients:
• Feel understood
• Express more feelings
• Manage feelings
• Discriminate among various feelings

12. Cont.…..
• Paraphrasing:- Paraphrasing means the counsellor uses different words to
restate in a non-judgmental way what the client has said.
• Genuiness:- Ability of counsellor to be freely themselves. Includes
congruence between outer words/behaviours and inner feelings
• Unconditional positive regard:- It is an expression of caring and nurturance
as well as acceptance.

13. Clarification and questioning
•The counsellor finds it
necessary to help the client
clarify their statement.
Clarification may be done
to help the client to
become more aware of
what he or she is trying to
say.
• Open-ended and probing
questions
• Closed-Ended Questions
• Concreteness
• Information Giving and
Removing Obstacles to
Change
• Linking

14. Empathy
•Empathy means placing
yourself in the client’s
situation while remaining
objective. Empathizing
requires the counsellor to
not be judgmental and to be
sensitive and
understanding.
•Counsellor Self-
Disclosure and modelling
•Interpretation
•Summarizing
•Note-taking
•Homework

15. Evaluating theTechniques of Counselling
among Peers
Living and learning through loss:-
• The program on “living and
learning through lose”
information-based and
experiential, services adolescents
who are in the midst of coping with
significant life change events. A
maximum of eight adolescent in
group meet on a weekly bases for
eight weeks. Each session is
schedule for two hours.
Activities during sessions
• Exercise focusing on losses, fears and
hopes
• Identification of life change events
• Discussing the loss
• Study of loss cycle
• Discussion on coping activities and styles
• Round table discussion on support
systems

16. Life review
• Life review is the process of
evaluating one’s life which includes
one accomplishment failures, regrets
and goals.
• In the first phase of
review, lecture part gives
opportunities for thoughts to be
brought out into the open through
the guidance of the counsellor.
• During the sensitizing exercise,
the counsellors focuses questions
on major points in each client-
participants lifetime
• The third phase is exploring
time.
• The fourth phase is the final self-
introspection and evaluation

17. Fantasy therapy Imagery
• Fantasy, in counselling, is
used to make contact with
unavailable persons,
unfinished events, feelings
that are resisted, and the
unknown.The goal of therapy
is to release repressed
emotions and pent up
emotional energies.
• The fantasy images which occur
through guided imagery are the
hidden sources of solutions to
problems.
• Clients testify that when their inner
world was made visible to them
and an Inner voice was guiding
them, they were in control of self.
Experiencing in imagery is
essentially the same as
experiencing in actuality.

18. Metaphor Interpretation
•Metaphor interpretation
is an active process of
selling through and
explaining the meaning of
events to clients so that
they are able to views
their concerns and/or,
problems in new ways.
Rejection
• Rejection can be effective only if
the counsellor has sufficient status
to overcome the client’s resistance
and enforce his views, i.e., a judge,
police officer, or dean.
• Occasionally a counsellor feels that
the client is entirely wrong in his
attitudes and beliefs techniques
lead in the general direction that
client is headed, rejection tries to
reverse the direction.

19. Assurance
• Assurance often has the same effect as rejection.While the
counsellor may sincerely feel that the client is overreacting to a
situation or may feel that such problems usually work themselves
out all right, he cannot tell the client, “There now, everything is
going to be all right”; this tends to be little the client’s
judgement.