QUANTUM COMPUTING notes

1. QUANTUM
COMPUTIN
G
QUANTUM COMPUTING IS A TYPE OF COMPUTATION THAT
HARNESSES THE COLLECTIVE PROPERTIES OF QUANTUM STATES,
SUCH AS SUPERPOSITION, INTERFERENCE, AND ENTANGLEMENT, TO
PERFORM CALCULATIONS. THE DEVICES THAT PERFORM QUANTUM
COMPUTATIONS ARE KNOWN AS QUANTUM COMPUTERS.

2. QUANTUM SUPREMACY
•Quantum supremacy would demonstrate a quantum device that can solve a
problem that no classical computer can solve in a viable amount of time.
While current quantum computers have had some amazing accomplishments,
we’re still unable to prove quantum supremacy for useful, real-world
problems.

3. QUANTUM CHIP CONTAINER

4. HOW DO QUANTUM COMPUTERS WORK?
•Quantum computing operations use the quantum state of an object to produce
what's known as a qubit. These states are the undefined properties of an
object before they've been detected, such as the spin of an electron or the
polarisation of a photon.
•Quantum computers perform calculations based on the probability of an
object's state before it is measured - instead of just 1s or 0s - which means
they have the potential to process exponentially more data compared to
classical computers.

5. QUBIT
•A quantum bit is any bit made out of a quantum system, like an electron or photon.
Just like classical bits, a quantum bit must have two distinct states: one representing
“0” and one representing “1”. Unlike a classical bit, a quantum bit can also exist in
superposition states, be subjected to incompatible measurements, and even be
entangled with other quantum bits.
•When cooled to a low temperature, some materials allow an electrical current to
flow with no resistance. We call these superconductors. We can design electrical
circuits based on superconductors to behave like qubits.

6. SUPERFLUIDS
•First we use superfluids to chill superconductors. We get these
superconductors very cold – about a hundredth of a degree Celsius above
absolute zero: the theoretically lowest temperature allowed by the laws of
physics.
•When cooled to a low temperature, some materials allow an electrical current
to flow with no resistance. We call these superconductors. We can design
electrical circuits based on superconductors to behave like qubits.

7. QUANTUM
PHYSICS
LAWS
•It refers to computation that uses the principles of quantum physics. Quantum
physics deals with the smallest physical units that exist within the human realm.
The common principles applied in the computing system are the superposition,
entanglement, and quantum interference. The computing system is done by
quantum computer.
•A conventional computer works with bits which can be 0 or 1 (a definite number).
However, this computing method works with qubits instead. Instead of dealing with
one definite problem at a time, it computes numerous probabilities at once.

8. SUPERPOSITION
•A quantum particle have a certain probability of spinning left AND a certain
probability of spinning right due to a phenomenon known as superposition.
•A quantum particle such as an electron has its own “facing left or facing
right” property, for example spin, referred to as either up or down, so the
quantum state of an electron is a superposition of "spin up" and "spin down".

9. QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT
•When two or more particles link up in a
certain way, no matter how far apart they are
in space, their states remain linked. That
means they share a common, unified
quantum state. So observations of one of the
particles can automatically provide
information about the other entangled
particles, regardless of the distance between
them. And any action to one of these
particles will invariably impact the others in
the entangled system.

10. QUANTUM
INTERFERENCE
•Quantum interference is a byproduct of superposition. It allows us to bias the
measurement of a qubit toward a desired state or set of states. Remember
that a qubit can be zero or one or both at the same time because of
superposition. Qubits have a certain probability of collapsing to zero or one
depending on their arrangement. This probability is determined by quantum
interference. In short, quantum interference allows us to affect the state of a
qubit to influence the probability of the desired outcome.

11. WHAT WOULD A QUANTUM COMPUTER
DO?
•A quantum computer is expected to be able to deal with more problems.
Instead of counting the definite problem, it calculates the possible solution
for that problem, regardless of the type.
• That possibility has a certain amplitude for it to be the right solution. For this
to work, the computing system should be in the superposition state.

12. PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUE
•When quantum computers provide an answer, it is in the form of a
probability. When the question is repeated, the answer changes.
The more times the question is repeated, the closer the response
comes to theoretical percentage or correct answer. This requires
that the code be designed so that the qubits are in the correct state
for a given problem. Quantum code uses wave-like properties that
cancel out wrong answers and amplify the correct ones.

13. THE PROCESS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING
Performing computations on a quantum computer or quantum
simulator follows a basic process:
•Access the qubits
•Initialize the qubits to the desired state
•Perform operations to transform the states of the qubits
•Measure the new states of the qubits

14. USES OF
QUANTUM
COMPUTING
•Optimization
•Cryptography
•Healthcare
•Chemical and biological engineering
•Artificial intelligence

15. THANK YOU