7/27/2022「同心共善」善心法師網上禪修班 (粵語) https://youtu.be/5KfOUc-HUiI

1. 懺悔
修行法門
善心
July 27, 2022

2. 提綱/Outline
◦ 我在越南的師傅
◦ 修行方法
◦ 懺悔

3. 釋解善
1941-2020

4. 每日生活
o兩點早上：起身、開鍾、誦經、拜懺。
o三點半：呼喚大家起床。
o三點45分：早課
o他就運動30分。他會數有多少對拖鞋。如少的話、早課後他
就大聲的說其他人呢 （睡覺）。
o放錢在桌子上給大家去買早餐。

5. ◦ 他專信徒看吉日：結婚、埋葬、廚房、開張。。
◦ 寺院沒有電話、他沒有電單車。他不去開會。
◦ 一年感冒一次/吃藥就好。只去牙醫生一次。
◦ 幾十年住在寺院、什麼地方都不去。
◦ 供養的錢來養比丘、建築、買菜（午餐）、寺院開支。。
◦ 午餐的錢：$10 給80人吃。
◦ 晚餐：一位比丘去附近的市場拾取剩下的蔬菜來煮。
。。。
◦ 佛準比丘學占星術。

7. 患了帕金森氏症 Parkinson’s Disease。
沒看醫生、沒吃藥、不能寫字。
2011: 糖尿病開始。
2017 後就躺在一邊、不能坐至到往生。
2012。我回去看他。他贈我兩句：
心廣大濟人利物、
性溫和自覺覺他。

8. Oct. 1, 2020
中秋節往生

10. 對付心/修心
◦ 禪修：以正念對念頭//動
◦ 誦經：以動對念頭//動
◦ 念佛：以動對念頭//動
◦ 念咒：以動對念頭//動
◦ 拜懺：以動對念頭//動
◦ 感恩、四無量心: 對付苦受、惡念/不善心。

11. 修行法門
◦ 禪修：「南/北」傳。
◦ 淨土：誦經、念佛、持咒、懺悔。
◦ 懺悔是北傳佛教的修行方法之一：中國、韓國、日本、台灣、
香港、越南、西藏。
◦ 西藏佛教/密宗：誦經、念佛、持咒、懺悔、想像化、手印、
曼荼羅。

12. 懺悔
定義
◦ Deśayitavya: confession of offenses 自認錯誤/犯「可以懺悔的」戒。
◦ CBETA T46.1911; in Mohe zhiguan 摩訶止觀, Zhiyi 智顗 (538-597CE)
defines chan 懺 as 陳露先惡 ―expressing and confessing one‘s
unwholesome actions‖ and hui 悔 as 改往修來 ―transforming the past
and cultivating the future.

13. ◦ Shi Darui 釋大睿: Chan 懺 is a transliteration of kṣama 懺摩 which means
seeking forgiveness from others for one‘s transgression. Hui 悔 is a Chinese
word meaning remorse (Shi, 35-36).
◦ Li, Rongxi Buddhist Monastic Traditions of Southern Asia : a Record of the Inner Law Sent Home from the South Seas by Sramana
Yijing. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2000, 83- 84:
Yijing 義淨 (635-713 CE) clarifies that kṣama means forbearance 忍耐 in
Sanskrit. In the context of confession, ―kṣama means ―please forgive me and
do not be angry with me! Thus, kṣama can be translated as repentance 悔改.
◦ Chanju Mun, Buddhism and Peace: Theory and Practice. Honolulu: Blue Pine, 2006, 386- 387: According to Steven
Heine, kṣama refers to ―the act of penance 吿改 or contrition 悔意,
implying a sense of patience 忍耐 and confession 認罪, and to the
determination to make reforms 決心來改善.

14. kṣama
佛在世
◦ On New Moon and Full Moon days the fortnightly confession and recitation
of the Bhikkhu Patimokkha (monastic rules of conduct) takes place. 初一十
五 (布薩)、比丘們自認犯戒然後一起誦讀比丘戒。
◦ Lay people observe the Eight Precepts on Uposatha days, as a support for
meditation practice and as a way to re-energize commitment to the Dhamma.
在家弟子來受八關齋戒、聽法、禪修加強他們對佛法的承諾。
◦ 那時候在家弟子沒有自認犯戒、懺悔的儀式。
◦ 佛入涅槃後、慢慢 (~七百年：東漢朝代) 就開始有懺悔的發
展。

15. ◦ Repentance could eradicate one’s negative karma and advance ―one‘s
practice of concentration and wisdom. 懺悔可以消除惡業和對於定慧
的修行有進步。
◦ 懺悔的目的：Promote mutual conformity among the bhikkhus, to help
them rise out of their offenses, to foster their esteem for the Vinaya, and
―prevent future faults with perfect sincerity and earnest self-approach.
來推動符合眾比丘住在一起、尊重戒律、預防犯戒。
◦ The repentance ritual was Sinicized and developed into its own form of
soteriology or as a supplement to other religious practices such as Chan 禪
and Pure Land by Buddhist adepts in the medieval period.
懺悔收到中國化//漢化、然後發展成中國佛教一種修行方法
或者和其他方法配搭在一起。

16. ◦ According to David W. Chappel, repentance rituals play ―a new role for
repentance in the Buddhist tradition and are a clear case of the signification
of Buddhism.
就這樣、懺悔方法當時 (第三至第七世紀) 被接納進入寺院的
儀式變成中國//東亞佛教的修行法門。
◦ Zhiyi 智顗 (538-597), Daoxuan 道宣 (596-667), and Huineng 慧能 (638-
713) developed several schemes. 創出一些懺悔儀式。這裡大楷可
以分成三種懺悔的儀式。

17. I. Communal repentance
第一：作法懺悔
◦ This type of repentance is very similar to that of the Theravada tradition. It is
solely for Buddhist monks and nuns who have violated any of their precepts,
except the four parajika (四波羅夷罪) offenses which entail expulsion
from the sangha.
◦ 目的: (1) Serves to strengthen the bonds attaching the individual to the
society of which he is a member of; (2) Maintains the moral purity of the
sangha, the religious community; (3) the purity of the sangha is an
affirmation of the presence of the Buddha‘s Dharma.

18. II. Visionary/Auspicious sign repentance
第二：觀相懺悔
◦ Practiced by both monastics and lay people, especially when lay people want
to undergo ordination with the bodhisattva precepts.
◦ Several instances in which people practice this type of repentance: (a) to
receive the bodhisattva precepts, (b) if a monastic or lay person has violated
any of his or her precepts, except the five grave offenses, and needs to purify
his or her defilement.

19. ◦ According to Zhiyi, the practitioner chooses a repentance scripture,28 keeps
his mind in a state of tranquility, and will observe various auspicious signs
(lights, halos, flowers, or Buddha rubbing one‘s crown) .
◦ Any of these signs is an indication that the transgression or infraction has
been eradicated and a confirmation of one‘s practice. If no sign appears, it
means that one‘s effort has been to no avail.

20. ◦ According to Bodhisattva Stage, if a bodhisattva commits a major offence
and loses a precept, he can repent in front of three or more people. He can
then receive the bodhisattva precepts again. If there was no one to uphold the
Dharma, he would give rise to a pure mind and recite ―I will never commit
his transgression again. In the future, I will always uphold the moral
precepts. Once he does, his transgression is expiated.

21. III. Formless Repentance
第三：無生懺悔//無相懺悔
◦ 大懺悔//別場懺悔-Zhiyi in Guoqing bailu 國清百錄 and the Great
Calming and Contemplation 摩訶止觀.
◦ Cultivating this form of repentance could eradicate innumerable eons of
major transgressions (CBETA T46.1916.486b28-b29).

22. 智顗
◦ 行大懺 悔者應當起大悲心憐愍 一切深達罪源一切諸法本來
空寂.
◦ 若欲除滅但當反觀如此
普賢觀經:
◦ 觀心無心法不住法我心自空罪福無主一切諸法皆悉如是
慧能 (638-713)

23. 六祖壇經
◦ 懺悔過去、悔改未來。
◦ 懺悔有兩種意義，一是過去做了一些錯事，起一個慚愧的心、
悔改的心，發願改過；二是從現在起要修一切善、斷一切惡。
這就是真正的懺悔。
◦ 今與汝等授無相懺悔，滅三世罪，令得三業清淨。
◦ 從前念今念及後念，念念不被嫉妒染。從前所有惡業嫉妒等
罪，悉皆懺悔，願一時消滅，永不復起。