First aid
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This document provides information on assembling a basic first aid kit and treating common minor injuries and medical conditions. It lists recommended supplies for a first aid kit including adhesive bandages, gauze pads, antiseptic, and medications. It also outlines the basic steps for assessing and treating injuries such as wounds, burns, fractures, bee stings, and allergic reactions. Treatment recommendations focus on RICE therapy, cleaning wounds, controlling bleeding, splinting potential fractures, and seeking emergency help when needed.
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First aid
- 2. First Aid KitItem Quantity Use Adhesive Bandages 6 at 1” x 3” Minor wounds Accident report forms and pencils 2 Document-ation Sterile gauze pads 4 at 4” x 4” Wound dressings Non adherent sterile dressings 2 at 4”x 4” Abrasions/burns Bulky, absorbent dressing 4 sanitary napkins Severe bleeding Cloth-based adhesive tape 1” wide roll Multiple uses Self-adherent gauze bandage 2 rolls, 3” x 5 yards Holding dressings on Butterfly bandages or wound closure strips 5 various sizes Minor lacerations Transparent dressings 2 sheets Cover small wounds Antibiotic cream 1 tube Wounds, burns Triangular bandage 2 at 36”x36”x52” Sling, cravat Safety pins 3 Bandage, sling Elastic bandage 1 at 3” wide Sprains Moleskin/molefoam 4 at 4” x 6” Blisters Iodine Swabs 2 packages Antiseptic Alcohol pads 3 packages Cleansers Item Quantity Use Acetaminophen Optional Headache, pain Diphenhydramine Optional Allergic reactions Aspirin Optional Headache, pain Ibuprofen Optional Relieve pain Sugar packets 4 packets diabetes Barrier gloves made of nitrile or latex or other materials 2 pair Barrier against infection Plastic bag 1 at 12” x 18” Hold contaminated materials CPR breathing barrier 1 Rescue breathing Splinter tweezers 1 Embedded object, tick, or stinger removal Digital thermometer Estimate body temp DO NOT use aspirin with anyone under 25 years of age
- 3. 7 Steps for First Aid Response 1. Take _________ of the situation 1. Identify required activities 2. Assign individuals to specific tasks 2. Approach the patient _________ 1. Avoid further injury to the patient 2. Avoid injury to the rescuers 3. Perform emergency rescue and _____ first aid 1. Triage 2. Only treat most serious charge safely urgent
- 4. 7 Steps Cont’d. 4. ________ the patient 1. Reduce physical and emotional demands on the patient 4. Check for other _________ 1. Identify ALL injuries 2. Classify as major/minor 4. _______ what to do 1. Organize 2. Lesser of two evils 4. _________ the plan Plan injuries Protect Carry out
- 5. Order of Priority – C______________ • Is it safe to go to the patient? – Accidents – Lightening – Natural Disaster – Natural Obstacles – C______________ • Always ask permission – “Hi my name is ______, and I know first aid, can I help you? • Quick assessment • ABC’s • Consciousness • Bleeding The 4 C’s heck the scene heck the patient
- 6. Order of Priority – C______ • Directly order if possible – Make sure they come back • Be prepared to report pt’s condition – ABC’s – Injuries – Location – C____________ • Triage – Patients – Injuries • Begin to administer first aid The 4 C’s all 911 are for patient
- 7. Check ABC’s • ABC’s – ____________ • Is it obstructed? – ____________ • Is the patient breathing? • Describe the respirations. Are they deep? Rapid? Shallow? – ____________ • Does the patient have a pulse? • Is the pulse weak? Strong? Bounding? Thready? Airway Breathing Circulation
- 8. Check Vital Signs • ________________ (RR) – 12-20 breaths per minute in adults • ____________ (HR) – 60-100 beats per minute • ____________ • ____________________ (LOC) • _____________ • ______ (The 6th vital sign!) Respiration Rate Heart Rate Skin Tone Level of Consciousness Pupil Reactions Pain
- 9. Head to Toe Assessment Highest Lowest triage head Compare pain toes Compare pain • _________ priority to __________ priority – ABC’s minor injuries • Remember to ______ injuries! • Adults – Start at _____ – Feel body parts – _________ body parts – Talk them through it – Watch face for ____ • Children – Start at ____ – Feel body parts – _________ body parts – Talk them through it – Watch face for ____
- 10. Tips for Physical Exam • Do no further _____ • Be thorough • ________ body parts • ____________ does the exam • ________ your findings • ______ to your patient • _________ what you are doing harm Compare One person Record Talk Explain
- 11. SAMPLE History • S____ and S__________ • A_______ • Medications • Pertinent __________ • Last ______ and ______ • E_______ leading up to injury igns ymptoms llergies past history intake output vents
- 12. Look for DOTS • D_________/D________ • O____ Injuries • T_________ • S______ epressions eformities pen enderness welling
- 13. Basic Info • Patient _____ • Patient ____ • Description of ________ name age accident
- 16. Does the patient require emergency rescue? • Survey the scene for _____________ hazards – If there are ________, perform immediate evacuation of patient – If there are NO hazards, check for ________________ environmental hazards responsiveness
- 17. Is the patient responsive? • Check for responsiveness – Ask “____________?” • If the patient is responsive and help is _______ DO NOT help until consent is given • If the patient is responsive and consent is _____ – Check for severe bleeding • If the patient is NOT responsive – Check for _________ May I help you refused given breathing
- 18. Is the patient breathing? • Check for breathing – Open the airway; _____, _____, ____ • If patient IS breathing – Check for severe ________ • If patient IS breathing but is having great difficulty – Check for __________ wounds to the chest – Cover the wound immediately – Check for _______ bleeding look listen feel bleeding puncture severe
- 19. Breathing cont’d. • If patient is NOT breathing – Give ____ breaths • If the breaths go in – Check for ______ • If the breaths do NOT go in – Check for _________ airway; clear if necessary • Once airway is cleared – If breathing resumes, check for severe bleeding – If breathing DOES NOT resume, check for pulse two pulse obstructed
- 20. Does the patient have a pulse? • Check for pulse – If patient is NOT _________ but HAS a pulse • Call for assistance • Begin _______________ • Visually scan for bleeding – If patient is NOT breathing and DOES NOT have a pulse • Call for assistance • Being CPR with rescue breathing – ___ compressions / __ breaths rescue breathing breathing 30 2
- 21. Check for severe bleeding • Check for severe bleeding – Visual hands on check – If patient does NOT have severe bleeding • Begin checking for other injuries – If patient DOES have severe bleeding • Stop the bleeding • Begin checking for other injuries
- 22. What is Shock? • Shock is a _______ of the cardiovascular system – The cardiovascular system consists of 3 components • The _____ • The _______ • The _____ • Shock can be ________ with any major injury and some minor ones • Everyone reacts ________ collapse heart arteries veins expected differently
- 23. Types of Shock Type of Shock What happens? ___________ Shock Heart weakens, stops pumping, or pumps irregularly ___________ Shock Loss of blood internally or externally _________ Shock Dilation of arteries caused by damage to the brain or spine ___________ Shock Severe allergic reaction Cardiogenic Hemorrhagic Neurogenic Anaphylactic
- 24. Signs & Symptoms of Shock • Early Signs (Objective) – R_________s – Skin is pale, ashen ____, or yellowish brown – Pulse is ______, over 100 beats / minute • Early Symptoms (Subjective) – T________ – N_____ – A_____ estlessnes gray rapid hirstiness ausea nxiety
- 25. Signs & Symptoms of Shock • Later Signs (Objective) – Skin is _____ and _____ – __________ may be shallow or rapid – Pulse may be weak or ________ – Eyes may become dull, pupils dilated – U_____________ • Later Symptoms (Subjective) – L_______ – A______ cool damp Respirations nconciousness irregular ethargy pathy
- 26. Treating Shock 1. ___ to them, keep them awake 2. Keep the patient’s _____ open and clear 3. Treat them _____ and ________ movement to prevent pain 4. Maintain their body _________ Talk airway gently minimize temperature
- 27. Treating Shock Cont’d. 5. ________ the patient to aid in the _________ of blood to the core and to aid ________ 6. Avoid _____ or ______ handling 7. Frequently take and record _________ 8. ________ the patient as soon as possible Shock is a _________________ condition… Position circulation breathing rough position Vital signs Evacuate LIFE THREATENING
- 28. Lesser Injuries Remember to ________!TRIAGE
- 29. Scrapes/Abrasions • Also called ________/_______ • Usually occur when someone falls on a __________ and then _____, causing layers of skin to ______ •Treatment •Wash gently with _____ and water •Apply _________ ointment •Cover with ________________ •Change dressing every day; clean out each time •If the abrasion is not deep it is recommended to let ____ reach it. Remember: _________ grows in ______, dark, _______ environments! road rash rug burn hard surface slides rub off soap antibiotic sterile dressing air bacteria warm moist
- 30. Lacerations • Caused when the skin is _______ by something sharp (i.e. knife) • Treatment – Wear _______ – If bleeding, apply _____________ to cut – Once bleeding stops, wash with warm water and soap • If the bleeding will not stop, the cut may require _________ and the victim should be taken to the hospital – ____ the cut dry with sterile dressing and apply antibiotic ointment – If the laceration is small enough, you can apply a band-aid – If it is larger, cover with ___________ and tape sliced gloves direct pressure stitches Pat sterile gauze
- 31. Nosebleeds • Sit ______ and lean ______ – Sitting forward will help avoid swallowing blood, which can irritate the stomach. • _____ your nose – This maneuver sends pressure to the bleeding point on the nasal septum and often stops the flow of blood. • To ______ re-bleeding after bleeding has stopped – Don't pick or blow nose and don't bend down until several hours after the bleeding episode. Keep the head higher than the level of the heart. upright forward Pinch prevent
- 32. 1st Degree Burns • _______, _____ burn • Treatment – If skin is _____ broken • Run cool water over burned area • DO NOT use ice water – Burns can be very _______ • Reassure victim • Keep them calm • Treat for shock – ______/_____ the burn for a few minutes • After that, cover the burn with a sterile non-adhesive bandage or clean cloth. – Protect the burn from ______ and _______ – OTC __________ may be used to help relieve pain and reduce ____________ and swelling. – Minor burns _______________ without further treatment. Sunburn minor NOT painful Flush soak friction pressure pain meds inflammation will usually heal
- 33. 2nd & 3rd Degree Burns • Treatment – DO NOT pull ________ off of burnt skin – DO put out __________ clothing – Check ABC’s – Cover the burn with a cool moist ______ bandage or clean cloth. – DO NOT use a _______ or ______; a _______ is best for large burns. – DO NOT apply any ________ and avoid breaking ________. – ________ burnt fingers or toes with moist, sterile, non- adhesive dressings – _______ & _______ the burnt area – Treat for ______ – _____________ clothing smoldering sterile blanket towel sheet ointment blisters Separate Protect elevate shock Treat for shock!
- 34. 2nd & 3rd degree burns cont’d. • ____ apply: – ointment – Butter – Ice – Medications – fluffy cotton dressing – adhesive bandages – Cream – Household remedies – Oil spray DO: • ____ breathe or cough on the burn • ____ disturb/pop blisters or dead skin. • ____ apply cold compresses • ____ immerse a severe burn in cold water. • ____ place a pillow under the victim's head if there is an airway burn and they are lying down. NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT
- 35. Sprains • A ______ is a ________ or _______ of ligaments – The tough bands of ______ ______ that connect one _____ to another in your joints. – The most _______ location for a sprain is in your ____. • Treatment – RICE • R • I • C • E sprain stretching tearing fibrous tissue bone common ankle est ce ompression levation
- 36. Strains • A ______ is a stretching or tearing of _______ or _______ – a fibrous cord of tissue that connects muscles to bones – Strains often occur in the _________ and in the ______________ in the back of your thigh. • Treatment – RICE • Rest • Ice • Compression • Elevation strain muscles tendon lower back Hamstring muscle
- 37. Fractures • Can be ______ or _________ – Compound breaks the ____ • Only a ______ can tell a fracture from a sprain (unless its compound) • If possible, you should _________ the extremity (splint) simple compound skin doctor immobilize
- 38. • Splint “______________” the injury • Tie the splints above and below the injury; but not directly over it • Check ____ and ____________ before and after splinting • If help is more than a half an hour away, recheck the area below the splint every ________ above and below pulse capillary refills half hour Splinting
- 39. Spider Bites • Venom can react _________ with everyone • There is no “_____ _________” for a spider bite • Keep the victim ____ • Get to an E.R. _______ • If possible, try to _______ _____ • Treat for Shock ___________ Spider _____________ Spider Black Widow Brown Recluse differently home treatment calm A.S.A.P I.D. the spider
- 40. Bee Stings • If stinger is ______, gently ______ it out with a _______ • ______ the affected area with _____ and warm water • Apply ___ in a ________ • _____ ice ______ placing it on the skin • Give patient ______ or ______ to help relieve the pain. visible scrape flat edge Wash soap ice compress Wrap before Motrin Tylenol
- 41. Multiple Bee Stings • Soak the entire affected area in cool water • If necessary, place the victim in a tub of cool water. – Add one tablespoon of baking soda for every quart of water. – Supply Tylenol or Motrin for pain relief • Victim may need to go to E.R. • Treat for shock
- 42. Allergic Reaction • ___________ Shock – ____ Pens • Working length of time depends – Can they be shared? • Child Adult _____ • Adult Child ________ • Up to the _______ with the Epi-pen – Get to ________ A.S.A.P Anaphylactic Epi Okay NOT okay person hospital
- 43. Snake Bites Do OR Do Not? • ___ remain calm • ___ apply ice • ___ remove venom • ___ take medication to relieve pain • ___ Raise the limb – It will distribute venom more evenly around the body and prevent major damage to the limb that was bitten • ___ seek medical attention immediately Northern Copperhead Eastern Massasauga Timber Rattlesnake DO NOT NOT NOT DO DO
- 44. Tick Bites• Grab close to the ______ • DO NOT grab the tick at the _____ • Pull straight out • DO NOT “_______” – May separate head from body • DO NOT _______ with: – Petroleum jelly – Nail polish – Gasoline – Or rubbing alcohol • DO NOT ____ the tick • DO ____ the tick • DO wash the area • DO watch for ________ mouth belly unscrew smother burn save bulls-eye
- 45. Poison Plants • Apply ____________ to the infected area. • Wash up with soap and warm water. • You can apply an ___ ___ ointment like _________ lotion • Immediately wash any ______/_____ that came in contact with the plant • DO NOT ____ rubbing alcohol anti- itch Calamine clothes items itch
- 46. Hyperthermia • Occurs when the body rises above a ___ _________ • Three main types – D_________ – H___ E_______ – H___ S_____ – H___________ ehydration eat xhaustion eat troke yponatremia temperature safe
- 47. Dehydration• When the body puts out __________ than it is taking in • Ways we lose fluids: – S_______ – U______ – V______ • Signs of dehydration – T____ – Yellow urine – D_______ – Lightheadedness – Nausea and vomiting – D______ – Cease Sweating • Treatment – Drink fluids that replace electrolytes • W____ • G________ – Avoid physical activity – Get inside air conditioned/cool area more liquid weating rination omiting hirst ry mouth ry skin ater atorade
- 48. Heat Exhaustion • More ______ than dehydration • Can present like a _____ ______ • Symptoms: – Disorientation – S_____ – Cool, ______ skin – Nausea and/or vomiting – F_____ – Weakness – M_____ cramps – D________ – High body temperature – Lack of ________ • Treatment – Cool the victim as much as possible using ____ water – Fan victim, get victim inside a cool place – Remove ____________ – Call 911 –IMPORTANT! DO NOT overcool. If you overcool a hyperthermic person, you risk throwing them into shock or making them hypothermic severe heart attack eizure clammy atigue uscle izziness sweating tepid heavy clothing
- 49. Heat Stroke • Most severe • Requires __________ ________ immediately • Symptoms – Same as Heat Exhaustion – May slip into a _____ • Treatment – Same as Heat Exhaustion – Call 911 IMMEDIATELY emergency treatment coma
- 50. Hypothermia • When the body’s temperature drops below __________ • Signs & Symptoms – Depends on Severity • Treatment – _______ from cold environment – Call 911 – _____ blankets – _____ compresses to chest, neck, groin, underarms • Warm and Dead Temperature Symptoms 89.6-95* Shivering, __________, lethargy 82.4-89.6* _______ stops, increased confusion <82.4* _____ 68* _____ 95 degrees Remove Warm Warm confusion Shivering Coma Death
- 51. Knocked out Teeth • Take tooth and place it in ____ • If milk is not available, place it in _____ with a ______________ • See dentist asap milk water pinch of table salt
- 52. Impaled Object • DO NOT _________ • I__________ • Get to hospital asap • If object is in an ____, cover ______ eyes. REMOVE mmobolize eye BOTH
- 53. Diabetic Emergency • If possible, check ______ _____ • If low, give sugar – P______ – F_______ • If high, give ______ • If symptoms persist, go to hospital • If you do not know if it is _________, give _____ and get to hospital. blood sugar ixie stix ruit juice insulin high or low sugar
- 54. Sudden Loss of Consciousness • Should ________ be treated as a ___ - _________ illness • 9-1-1 immediately • Take ________ right away; check ABC’s • Report vitals to EMS to better prepare them ALWAYS life threatening vital signs