2. WOUNDS
• A wound is a break in thw tissues of the body and may be external or internal. They are
classified as their closed or open.
• 1. CLOSED WOUNDS
• This damages tissues without break in the skin. These are bruises and
contusions that are marked by local pain and swelling. The victim will
also manifest some "black and blue discoloration".
• 2. OPEN WOUNDS
• This is a break in the skin. Open wounds generally fall into four kinds,
namely: abrasion, incision, puncture and avulsion.
3. WOUNDS
• A. ABRASION
• This results when the body gets in contact with hard rough surfaces while
either is in motion, and a part of the skin is rubbed or scraped off. It is aesily in
fected as the break in the skin civers a wide area.
• B. INCISION
• It is a smooth cut bya sharp instruments like knives, blades or broken glass.
Blood is likely to flow freely as blood vessels are often severed. It is not so liable
to infection as other wounds as very little tissue around the injury is destroyed.
4. WOUNDS
• C. LACERATION
• It is an injury caused by machinery, exploding shells, blunt instruments or falls
against angular surfaces wherein the flesh is rent or torn. Blood vessels are cut
irregularly and it may apt to bleed profusely of a large blood vessel is torn. It is
very susceptible to infection as tissues at the edge of the wound are often
destroyed and dirt frequently driven into them cannot be cleansed automatically.
• D. PUNCTURE
• Is a penetrating open wound that results when a nail, a bullet, splinter, needle or
some other sharp instrument enters deep into flesh. It does not bleed very much
except when a big blood vessel is injured. It is easily infected as it is hard to
clean. There is danger of tetanus infection in a punctura wound. Internal organs may be
also damaged by punctures. Pinpricks, for instance, have caused the death of
many people. And yet we can hardly notice blood escaping from the prick of a pin.
5. WOUNDS
• Although wounds are common injuries, they incite certain dangers from
fatal consequences might arise. Two outstanding dangers are often possible
- entry of germs which might cause infection and even blood poisoning, and
the loss of a large quantity of blood which might cause death. Extreme
care, therefore, should be observed in the treatment of wounds. Do not be
decieve by looks, especially by the sight. A small, innocent-looking cut
might conceal a serious injury.
6. WOUNDS
• 3. BLEEDING FROM ARTERIES AND VEINS
• Wounds which bleed profusely, demand immediate attention. Profuse bleeding is
an indication that an artery has been cut and the flow of blood must be checked
at once; otherwise the victim will die due to loss of blood. In a large wounds where
big blood vessels are cut, bleeding could be profuse. Quick action to control the
bleeding is necessary. The flow of blood in the arteries is away from the heart,
while in the veins, the flow of blood is towards the heart.
• 4. ANTISEPTICS
• Antiseptics are substances which prevent the growth of germs. There are many
kinds on sale in the drugstores and every Scout should be familiar with the most
common ones. Your first aid kit should have a sufficient supplr of this solution or
some other kind for ready use. One thing to remember in connection to
antiseptics is that they are for extermal use only - these solution should never be
used in the eye, the mouth and on burns!
7. WOUNDS
• 5. DRESSING FOR WOUNDS
• You must always to seee to it that dressing for wounds are sterile or free
from germs. The main function of a dressing is to cover a wound and protect it
from further infection so it should extend an inch beyond the wound in all
directions. It must be free from germs, therefore, if it is to realize this function.
• Sterilized cotton gauze in sealed packages is a regular item in all first
aid kits and should be used whenever available. If no sterile gauze is at hand,
however, select a clean piece of white cloth and boil it for five minutes or hold it
over a fire until it turn brown.
8. WOUNDS
• 6. FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING
• Call 911 if:
• Bleeding is severe
• You suspect internal bleeding
• There is an abdominal or chest wound
• Bleeding can't be stopped after 10 minutes of firm and steady
pressure
• Blood spurts out of wound
9. WOUNDS
• A. Stop Bleeding
• 1. Apply direct pressure on the cut or wound with a clean cloth, tissue, or piece of
gauze until bleeding stops.
• 2. If blood soaks through the material, don’t remove it. Put more cloth or gauze on top
of it and continue to apply pressure.
• 3. If the wound is on the arm or leg, raise limb above the heart, if possible, to help slow
bleeding.
• 4. Wash your hands again after giving first aid and before cleaning and dressing the
wound.
• 5. Do not apply a tourniquet unless the bleeding is severe and not stopped with direct
pressure.
10. WOUNDS
• B. Clean Cut or Wound
• 1. Gently clean with soap and warm water. Try to rinse soap out of wound to
prevent irritation.
• 2. Don’t use hydrogen peroxide or iodine, which can damage tissue.
•
• C. Protect the Wound
• 1. Apply antibiotic cream to reduce risk of infection and cover with a sterile
bandage.
• 2. Change the bandage daily to keep the wound clean and dry.
11. WOUNDS
• D. When to Call a Doctor
• 1. The wound is deep or the edges are jagged or gaping open.
• 2. The wound is on the person’s face.
• 3. The wound has dirt or debris that won’t come out.
• 4. The wound shows signs of infection, such as redness, tenderness,
or a thick discharge, or if the person runs a fever.
• 5. The area around the wound feels numb.
• 6. Red streaks form around the wound.
• 7. The person has a puncture wound or deep cut and hasn’t had a
tetanus shot in the past five years, or anyone who hasn’t had a tetanus shot in the past 10
years.
12. WOUNDS
• 7. FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR CUTS AND SCRATCHES
• Minor cuts and scrapes usually don't require a trip to the
emergency room. But if your wound is deep — all the way through
the skin — jagged, or exposing fat or muscle, see a doctor as soon as
possible. You may need stitches. Proper wound closure within a few
hours minimizes scarring and reduces the risk of infection.
• These guidelines can help you care for minor cuts and scrapes:
13. WOUNDS
• 1. Wash your hands. This helps avoid infection.
• 2. Stop the bleeding. Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their
own. If needed, apply gentle pressure with a clean bandage or cloth and elevate
the wound until bleeding stops.
• 3. Clean the wound. Rinse the wound with water. Keeping the wound under
running tap water will reduce the risk of infection. Wash around the wound
with soap. But don't get soap in the wound. And don't use hydrogen peroxide or
iodine, which can be irritating. Remove any dirt or debris with a tweezers
cleaned with alcohol. See a doctor if you can't remove all debris.
• 4. Apply an antibiotic or petroleum jelly. Apply a thin layer of an antibiotic
ointment or petroleum jelly to keep the surface moist and help prevent
scarring. Certain ingredients in some ointments can cause a mild rash in some
people. If a rash appears, stop using the ointment.
14. WOUNDS
• 5. Cover the wound. Apply a bandage, rolled gauze or gauze held in place with
paper tape. Covering the wound keeps it clean. If the injury is just a minor
scrape or scratch, leave it uncovered.
• 6. Change the dressing. Do this at least once a day or whenever the bandage
becomes wet or dirty.
• 7. Get a tetanus shot. Get a tetanus shot if you haven't had one in the past five
years and the wound is deep or dirty.
• 8. Watch for signs of infection. See a doctor if you see signs of infection on the
skin or near the wound, such as redness, increasing pain, drainage, warmth or
swelling.
15. WOUNDS
• 8. CLOSING OF DEEP CUTS
• When administering deep cut first aid, it is crucial that you stop the
bleeding as quickly as possible.
• 1. Using a clean piece of gauze or a clean cloth, apply pressure to the cut.
First aid for this type of cut is administered with the purposes of first
attempting to stop the loss of blood and reducing the risk of infection if
possible.
• 2. Applying pressure directly on the bleeding cut will help to stop the
bleeding. Some cuts may bleed profusely, and more clean cloth may be
required. Apply cloth as needed, but do not remove the soaked cloth or let
up on the pressure for five full minutes.
16. WOUNDS
• 3. After this time, check to see if the bleeding has ended. Bleeding from a
cut on an arm or leg may be slowed by also raising the victim’s limb so that
it is above the heart.
• 4. After the bleeding has stopped, clean around the wounded area with a
clean cloth and clean water if it is possible. Beyond first aid, deep and/or
jagged cuts, cuts that do not stop bleeding, and cuts caused by objects such
as a nail should be seen by a physician for further medical treatment.
