4. C U L T U R A L
VARIATIONS
A N D S O C I A L
D I F F E R E N C E S
( G e n d e r )
5. Differentiate gender from sex
Discuss gender roles during pre-
colonial period to colonial occupation
OBJECTIVES:
Recognize the importance of gender
equality in the society
8. Characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that
are socially constructed. This includes norms,
behaviours and roles associated with being a
woman, man, girl or boy, as well as relationships with
each other.
makes a person masculine or feminine
Different biological and physiological
characteristics of females, males and
intersex persons, such as chromosomes,
hormones and reproductive organs.
makes a person male or female
GENDER
SEX
11. GENDER ROLES
•REFER TO ATTITUDES
AND BEHAVIORS THAT
THE SOCIETY EXPECTS A
PERSON TO EXHIBIT
BASED ON HIS OR HER
SEX
12. Gender Roles
in
Pre-colonial
Philippine
Society
Males and females enjoyed
the same rights and
privileges.
Different social
functions were
assigned to different
members of society
There were functions
that were specifically
give to males,
females, or both.
13. SEX GENDER ROLES TASK
Male datu or rajah led the barangay; acted as judge to settle
community concerns
bagani protected the barangay against enemies
Female binukot acted as keeper of the community’s
history and culture
farmer or land tiller nurtured the land where crops were
grown
Male and Female merchant traded crops and other products with
other merchant
potter made pots and other earthen products
weaver made clothing through weaving
babaylan acted as shaman and performed spiritual
and social rituals
14. During
Colonial
Period
Gender roles during colonial
period changed drastically.
Women were restrained from
other activities outside their
homes , while men were given
more social functions.
15. DURING SPANISH PERIOD
WHILE THE COMING OF SPANIARDS AND THE
INTRODUCTION OF CATOLICISM, THE BABAYLAN LOST
THEIR ROLE IN THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE
COMMUNITY. THE ROLE WAS TAKE OVER BY
CATHOLIC PRIESTS.
• WOMEN WERE RELEGATED TO DOING HOUSEHOLD CHORES AND TAKING CARE OF CHILDREN.
• MORE OFTEN THAN NOT, YOUNG WOMEN WERE NOT SENT TO SCHOOL BUT INSTEAD TRAINED TO BE GOOD
WIVES AND MOTHERS FOR THEIR FUTURE FAMILIES.
• SOME WOMEN WERE ALSO FORCED TO MARRY FOR ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL GAIN.
16. DURING AMERICAN PERIOD
WOMEN HAD MORE FREEDOM IN THE SOCIETY.
THEY WERE ALLOWED TO STUDY AND WORK IN ANY FIELD THEY WANTED. THEY ALSO ADOPTED AMERICAN
VALUES.
MEN AND WOMEN BECAME EQUAL
17. DURING JAPANESE PERIOD
MEN AND WOMEN WERE ABLE TO MAINTAIN THEIR
STATUS IN SOCIETY.
THOUGH, WOMEN WERE USUALLY KEPT INSIDE THEIR HOUSES TO PROTECT THEM FROM ABUSIVE JAPANESE
SOLDIERS
MEN BECAME BUSY DEFENDING THE COUNTRY, WITH MOST OF THEM SERVING AS SOLDIERS.
18. PERIOD MALE FEMALE
SPANISH OCCUPATION laborers who provided for their
family
housewives;took care of the
children and the household
were educated to become
professionals and leaders
were trained for life in the
monastery
AMERICAN OCCUPATION laborers in factories laborers in factories
were educated to become
professionals
were educated to become
professionals
JAPANESE OCCUPATION laborers who provided for the
family
housewives
work as guerilla soldiers some became guerilla soldiers
and supporters
19. GENDER ROLES IN CURRENT
PHILIPPINE SOCIETY
BOTH MEN AND
WOMEN ARE
ALLOWED TO
PERFORM
DIFFERENT TASKS
NOT BASED SOLELY
ON GENDER
23. Activity: Guessing Time!!!! Gender or
Sex?
• MALE and FEMALE
• XY AND XX
• MASCULINE AND FEMININE
• EMOTIONAL AND LOGICAL
• PENIS AND VAGINA
• EARNER AND CAREGIVER
24. T I P S
Gender equality is not only a
fundamental human right, but a
necessary foundation for a
peaceful, prosperous and
sustainable world.
25. K E Y Points
GENDER
•SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OR TRAITS
RELATED TO MALES AND
FEMALES BASED ON CERTAIN
SOCIAL CONTEXTS
GENDER ROLES
•ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS
THAT THE SOCIETY EXPECTS A
PERSON TO EXHIBIT BASED
ON HIS OR HER SEX
GENDER
EQUALITY
•PEOPLE OF ALL GENDERS
HAVE EQUAL RIGHTS,
RESPONSIBILITES AND
OPPORTUNITIES
