This material covers topics on gender, gender sensitivity and gender-fair language in leadership.

1. GENDER
SENSITIVITY IN
STUDENT
LEADERSHIP
Prepared by : Prof Marites A. Balot
Director, Office of Student Services
Philippine Normal University-North
Luzon

2. OBJECTIVES
1. Define Gender Sensitivity
2. Differentiate Sex and Gender
3. Discuss gender stereotypes and
gender ideology
4. Present ways on how gender –fair
language can be used.

3. ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTION: WRITE AGREE, DISAGREE
OR UNDECIDED.
1. PAPERWORKS ARE A WOMAN-LEADER
RESPONSIBILITY BECAUSE SHE
TAKES GOOD CARE OF DOCUMENTS
AND IS ORDERLY.
2. MALE LEADERS ARE BETTER IN
TERMS OF IMPLEMENTING PLANS AND
PROGRAMS.
3. FEMALE LEADERS TEND TO BE
EMOTIONAL WHEN MAKING
DECISIONS.

4. 4. I THINK THE LEADER IS SOMEONE
LESBIAN OR GAY. SHOULD I ASK
HER/HIM?
5. THERE ARE MORE ADVANTAGES
OF HAVING A MALE LEADER
THAN A FEMALE LEADER.

5. ACTIVITY 2
To whom do you associate the
following things, descriptions, qualities
or phrases?
A MALE LEADER OR A FEMALE
LEADER?
MABUSISI
MATANONG
MADALAS MAG-WALK-OUT

6. MASINTEMYENTO
TAHIMIK/PALAISIP
MARUNONG SA NEGOSASYON
HINDI BASTA-BASTA
SUMASANG-AYON
AGAD-AGAD NAGDEDESISYON

7. DISENTENG MAKIPAG-USAP
MADALING KAUSAP
PABAGU-BAGO NG DESISYON
MADALING HIMUKIN
SUMPUNGIN
STRAIGHTFORWARD

8. NOTETAKING
ENCODING
CALCULATOR
BALLPEN AND PAPER
MICROPHONE
PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENT
PAGBUBUHAT NG UPUAN
PAMIMILI

9. PAG-E-EMCEE
PAGSE-SERVE NG MIRYENDA
PAG-A-USHER NG BISITA
PAGPAPAMUDMOD NG
IMBITASYON
PAGGAWA NG
ACCOMPLISHMENT REPORT

10. GENDER SENSITIVITY
- The ability to recognize
gender issues, especially
women’s different
perceptions and interests
arising from their unique
social location and gender
roles

11. GENDER SENSITIVITY
Calls for an understanding
and consideration of the
socio-cultural factors
underlying discrimination
based on sex (whether
against women or men).

12. BASIC PREMISES ON GENDER EQUALITY
GENDER SENSITIVITY IS NOT:
1. a war between sexes;
2. anti-male nor anti-female.
**BOTH WOMEN AND MEN ARE
VICTIMS ALTHOUGH THERE ARE
MORE WOMEN VICTIMS THAN MEN;
BOTH HAVE A STAKE IN THE
STRUGGLE.

13. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SEX AND GENDER
ACTIVITY 3
IDENTIFY IF THE FF.
PERTAIN TO SEX OR
GENDER.
EXPLAIN WHY.

14. *LEADER *MENSTRUATION
*COOK *TEACHER
*VAGINA *TOY GUNS
*BABYSITTING
*BREASTFEEDING
*SECRETARY *JUDGE
*PENIS *DOMESTIC
HELPER
*CHILD-BEARING *BARBIE DOLL

15. SEX: identifies the biological
difference between men and
women.
SEX IDENTITY is determined by
reference to genetic and
anatomical characteristics
SEX is largely UNCHANGEABLE.

16. GENDER: refers to the culturally
or socially constructed roles
ascribed to males and females.
GENDER identifies the social
relations between men and
women.
GENDER is an acquired identity.

17. GENDER refers to all differences
except those that are strictly
biological.
GENDERS are either masculine or
feminine.
Since GENDER is cultural and
social, IT CAN BE CHANGED, as
culture itself is dynamic.

18. GENDER also refers to subjective
feelings of maleness or femaleness
(i.i. femininity or masculinity),
irrespective of one’s sex (Basow).
It is feminine to be submissive,
humble, etc. It is masculine to be
dominant, aggressive, etc.

19. GENDER ROLES,
STEREOTYPES
AND
GENDER IDEOLOGY

20. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEX
ROLES AND GENDER ROLESGENDER
ROLES
1. May differ from
society to society.
2. Can change with
history.
3. Can be performed
by both sexes.
4. They are socially,
culturally
determined.
SEX ROLES
1. Same in all
societies e.g. It is
only women who
give birth.
2. Never change with
history.
3. Can be performed
by only one of the
sexes.
4. They are
biologically
determined.

21. GENDER STEREOTYPES
AN OVER-GENERALIZED
BELIEF IN THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF
PERSONS BASED
SIMPLY ON THEIR
GENDER.

22. PHYSICAL
STEREOTYPE
Example: Women are
weak.
Men are strong

23. PSYCHOLOGICAL
STEREOTYPE
EXAMPLE: WOMEN ARE
EMOTIONAL AND MEN ARE
LOGICAL.

24. SEXUAL STEREOTYPE
EXAMPLE : WOMEN ARE
PASSIVE PARTNERS; MEN
ARE VIRILE.

25. SOCIO-ECONOMIC
STEREOTYPE
EXAMPLE: MEN ARE THE
PROVIDERS OF THE FAMILY;
WOMEN TAKE CARE OF THE
HOME AND CHILD-REARING.

26. GENDER IDEOLOGY
determines
A.WHAT IS EXPECTED OF
US
B.WHAT IS ALLOWED OF
US
C.WHAT IS VALUED IN US

28. What can be wrong with
sex-gender systems, gender
roles, gender stereotypes
and gender ideologies?

29. GENDER HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR
EQUALITY BETWEEN MEN & WOMEN.
GENDER limits the potential of
both men and women, making
them both victims. This leads
to gender discrimination and
subordination.

30. MECHANISMS AND INSTITUTIONS OF
SOCIALIZATION
Why do so many men and
women seem to conform to
society’s definitions of what is
masculine and feminine?
It lies in the process called
GENDER SOCIALIZATION or
GENDERING.

31. GENDER SOCIALIZATION
A. Child-rearing as a mechanism for
socialization
1. Manipulation- handling boys and
girls differently even as infants
2. Canalization- people direct
children’s attention to gender-
appropriate objects
3. Verbal appellation- telling children
what they are i.e. strong boy, prim
and proper girl

32. 4. Activity exposure-familiarization
with gender appropriate tasks.

33. B. Institutions of Mass Gender Socialization
1. Formal Education
-differences in disciplining boys and girls
-images in textbooks (males in neckties,
women cook and take care of kids)
2. Mass media
-how women are portrayed (victims,
housewives, dependent martyrs, mothers who
enjoy feeding their families and keeping the
house clean, etc.)

36. 3. Religion (Patriarchy)
Gendering process occurs through
-Doctrines
-Structure of hierarchy
-Symbolism
-Unofficial religious interpretation

37. 4. Language
Sexist language (Mister,
Mistress, sexy, macho,
etc.)

38. GENDER-FAIR
LANGUAGE

39. WHY USE GENDER-FAIR LANGUAGE?
1. LANGUAGE ARTICULATES
CONSCIOUSNESS.
Example: If you say that girls are of
the “weaker sex” then you, whether
male or female, would feel that indeed
GIRLS are WEAK and would act
accordingly.

40. WHY USE GENDER-FAIR LANGUAGE?
2. LANGUAGE REFLECTS
CULTURE.
Example: Maria Clara and
Salome as described in Noli
Mi Tangere.

41. 3. LANGUAGE AFFECTS
SOCIALIZATION.
Leader: Cecille, can you please do the table
skirting for the presidential table?
Cecille: Mr. Leader, I am studying for my exams
tomorrow. Can’t Oscar do it?
Oscar: How many times has our leader told you
that boys don’t do table skirting? It’s a girl
thing.
Leader: That is right. It’s a girl thing…

42. IMPORTANCE OF
GENDER-FAIR
LANGUAGE

43. SEXISM IN LANGUAGE IS
CONSIDERED A STUMBLING
BLOCK TO GENDER
SENSITIVITY.

44. SEXIST: A student should
wear his ID at all times.
GENDER-FAIR: Students
should wear their ID at all
times.

45. USE OF SUFFIXES AND SEX-LINKED MODIFIERS
C U R R E N T U S A G E
Actress
Usherette
Lady Justices
Working mothers
Male Secretary
A L T E R N A T I V E
Thespian
Usher
Justices
Wage earners
Secretary

46. USE OF TERMINOLOGIES THAT CAN DISPARAGE
AND MARGINALIZE WOMEN
C U R R E N T U S A G E
Chick
Old maid
Bebot
Nene
A L T E R N A T I V E
Girl, woman
Unmarried woman
Babae
Bata

47. UNEQUAL GENDER RELATIONS(UNPARALLEL)
C U R R E N T U S A G E
Man and wife
Men and girls
A L T E R N A T I V E
Husband and Wife
Men and Women

48. GUIDELINES FOR USE IN
GENDER-FAIR LANGUAGE
• Use plural nouns.
• Substitute ‘one’, ‘we’, or ‘you’.
• Substitute nouns for pronouns.
• Use ‘Ms.’ instead of Miss or Mrs.,
even when a woman’s marital
status is known.
• Use the corresponding titles for
females (Dr., Prof., etc.)
• Use the same term for both females
and males

49. CHANGE THE FOLLOWING TO
GENDER-FAIR LANGUAGE.
The student is the best judge of
the kind of education he has
gained.
Ans. Students are the best judge
of the kind f education they
have gained.

50. Ambitious men are more likely to
achieve success in life; likewise
aggressive women are more likely to
reach the top.
Ans. People are more likely to achieve
success in life; likewise aggressive
ones are more likely to reach the top.

51. As someone grows
older, he grows more
reflective.
Answer: As we grow
older, we grow more
reflective.

52. For Aristotle, man is by nature
a political animal.
Answer: For Aristotle, all are
by nature political animals.
For, Aristotle, every
person is by nature a
political animal.

53. Thank you very
much for listening!