2. OBJECTIVES
For the Trainees:
• Teach the students how culture shapes
moral behaviour.
• Emphasize that there is a Filipino
understanding of right and wrong.
• (But) there are (also) universal values.
3. For the students: At the end of the
lesson, the students should be able to:
• Define the notion of culture from the 3
perspectives: personal, subconscious, and
universal.
• Identify specific cultural characteristics of
Filipinos and Asians.
• Evaluate these characteristics in relation to
values.
4. GROUP ACTIVITY…
• Based on the video presented, decide on the
indicators of culture (sports, religion, arts, traditions,
governance/politics, etc) .
• Discuss to your group mates how these indicators
have changed your life to become a better individual.
• Pick out specific change in your character brought
about by your in depth understanding and
appreciation of such cultural indicator.
• Be ready to share these to the class.
5.
6. FEATURES AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
Learned
Social
Shared
Transmitted
Accumulative
Continuous
Integrated
Changing
Responsive
Gratifying
Linked with other society
7. Culture, Defined…
It refers to that complex whole
which includes knowledge,
belief, art, law, morals, custom,
and any other capabilities and
habits acquired by man as a
member of society- Edward
Tylor
8. It refers to an appreciation of good
literature, music, art, and food.
For a biologist, it is likely to be a
colony of bacteria or other
microorganisms growing in a nutrient
medium in a laboratory Petri dish.
For anthropologists and other
behavioral scientists, culture is the full
range of learned human behavior
patterns.
9. Culture is a powerful human
tool for survival, but it is a
fragile phenomenon.
It is constantly changing and
easily lost because it exists only
in our minds
11. Layers of Culture
Dennis O’Neil
First, the body of cultural traditions
that distinguish your specific society.
When people speak of Italian,
Samoan, or Japanese culture, they
are referring to the shared language,
traditions, and beliefs that set each
of these peoples apart from others.
12. The second layer of culture that
may be part of your identity is the
subculture.
This occurs in a complex, diverse
societies in which people have
come from many different parts of
the world, they often retain much
of their original cultural traditions
13. As the cultural differences
between members of a subculture
and the dominant national culture
blur and eventually disappear, the
subculture ceases to exist except
as a group of people who claim a
common ancestry.
14. The third layer of culture consists of
cultural universals. These are
learned behavior patterns that are
shared by all of humanity
collectively. No matter where
people live in the world, they share
these universal traits.
http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm
15. Examples of Universal Cultural Traits
of Human Beings
Communicating with a verbal language
consisting of a limited set of sounds
and grammatical rules for constructing
sentences.
Using age and gender to classify people
16. Classifying people based on marriage
and descent relationships and having
kinship terms to refer to them
Raising children in some sort of family
setting
Having rules to guide and regulate
sexual behaviour.
17. Distinguishing between good and bad
behaviour
Having some sort of body ornamentation
Making jokes and playing games
Having art
Having some sorts of leadership roles and
models for the implementation of
community decisions.
18. Language, politics, and even values do
not make sense if they are not
transmitted or communicated with
others.
Cultures necessitate….peoples.
20. FILIPINO’SVIEWS ON ETHICS
• Propriety (Hiya) versusTroubled
(Pagkabagabag)
• Personal versus Duty/Obligations
• Family solidarity versus universal
principle and general good
• Pakikipag kapwa tao versus Pakikisama
22. Strengths Weaknesses
Pakikipag kapwa tao extreme personalism
Family solidarity
extreme family
centeredness
Joy and humour Lack of discipline
Flexibility, adaptability,
and creativity
passivity and lack of
initiative
Hard work and industry colonial mentality
25. Asian Culture Western Culture
Collectivistic (community and
family)
Individualistic
Risk avoidance Willing to take risk
Asian men do not compete directly
against women, and vice-versa
Gender free competition
Attitude: Holistic views
Attitude:Analytical and
detailed
Suppresses one’s opinions Expresses one’s opinions freely
Time orientation: Cyclical Time orientation: Linear
