CYBER SECURITY FOR SMART GRID
HUMAN-AUTOMATION
INTERACTION FrAME- WORK
BY
S. A. s. VINEELA REDDY
M.KRITHIKA
B.E. EEE III YEAR
SCSVMV UNIVERSITY

SMART GRIDS

NEED FOR CYBER SECURITY FOR SMART
GRID
The ability to deliver electric
power to customers reliably.
Accurate billing.
To prevent from threats.

STEPS INVOLVED BY CYBER
INTRUDER
The cyber attack can be decomposed into
three steps:
1.Intruder intends to have control over the
SCADA system.
2.The intruder should identify the system to
launch an intelligent and effective attack.
3.The attacker initiates the control of
Firewall Enhancement Protocol,
Application server, Systems database, and
even controllers directly.

HUMAN - AUTOMATION
INTERACTION FRAMEWORK
 Human – Automation interaction
• Determining limits of automation.
• Start or stop of automatic process.
• Providing information to the automatic
process.
 Level of Automation
Ten levels were adapted to control the
automatic accessing of the system.

 Performance Shifting Characters
 The Environmental conditions which affects the
performance of human automation system are termed as
PSF.
 Based on the vulnerabilities of power grid at he time of
cyber attack, there are 5 kinds of PSFs.
 PSF 1: Number of weak points in the power grid
 PSF 2:Power grid complexity
 PSF 3:Number of entry points
 PSF 4: Data flow in the IT infrastructure.
 PSF 5: Anomalies and Signatures.

SOLUTION METHODOLOGY – Subjective
Approach

RELATION BETWEEN PSF AND
LOA

PSF VECTOR
The PSF vector describes
systems condition in choosing
the level of automation.
LOA = f(PSF)
PSF = (PSF1, PSF2 ……….. PSF5)

SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT
BASED ON THE RESULT OF PSF
VECTOR
 SCENARIO 1 – Happy condition
PSF = [ 0,0,0,0,0]
 SCENARIO 2 – Vulnerable condition
PSF= [ 2,0,0,0,0]
 SCENARIO 3 - Complex condition
PSF = [ 0,2,0,0,0]

 SCENARIO 4 – Accessible condition
PSF = [0,0,2,0,0]
 SCENARIO 5 – Previous condition
PSF = [0,0,0,2,0]
 SCENARIO 6 – Unexpected condition
PSF = [0,0,0,0,0,1]

PSF RANKING

CONCLUSION
 An approach for human – automation
framework based on adaptive
automation using expert judgments
has been presented.
 The paper outlines five environmental
conditions and their impact on cyber
security.
 The environmental conditions are
ranked based on their effect on the
environment.

REFRENCES
[1] Power Infrastructure Security: Fundamental Insights of
Potential Cyber Attacks and Their Impacts on the Power Grid
[2] The SMART GRID: an introduction, U.S. Department of
Energy by Litos Strategic Communication
[3] A.Fereidunian, M. Lehtonen, H.Lesani, C.Lucas,
M.M.Nordman" Adaptive Autonomy: Smart Cooperative
Systems and Cybernetics for More Human Automation
Solutions" Proceeding of IEEE-SMC'07 Conference, October
2007, Montreal, Canada, pp 202-207
[4] M.R. Endsley and D.B. Kaber, "Level of automation effects
on performance, situation awareness and workload in dynamic
control task," Ergonomics, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 462-492, 1999
[5] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Smart grid
Cyber Security Strategy and Requirements", September 2009.

THANKYOU

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