A type of agricultural practice.

1. RUDIMENTARY
TILLAGE
PRESENTED BY :- KRISHAN KANT
ROLL NO :- 3023

2. INTRODUCTION
Science and art of
raising crops
Single functional
attributes
Purposeful
tending of crops
& livestock
Single farms or group
of inter-related farms
with specifically
defined outer limit
Primary activity
AGRICULTURE
Source:- Agricultural geography by Majid Hussain
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305392168_Whittlesey_Classi
fication_of_World_Agricultural_Region_A_conceptual_study/link/578c
b7ef08ae2

3. WHITTLESEY CLASSIFICATION (1936)
Basis for classification:-
- Crop and livestock association
- Capital and labour intensity
- Productivity
- Consumption pattern of production
- Methods and techniques used
Classified in 13 types:-
- Nomadic Herding
- Livestock ranching
- Shifting cultivation
- Rudimentary tillage
- Intensive subsistence tillage with rice
dominance
- Intensive subsistence tillage without
paddy dominance
- Commercial plantation
- Mediterranean agriculture
- Commercial grain farming
- Commercial livestock and crop farming
- Subsistence crop and stock farming
- Commercial dairy farming
- Specialized horticulture
Source:-
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/geography/whittlesey
s-classification-of-agricultural-regions/42221

4. RUDIMENTARY TILLAGE
Same land is farmed every
year
Fallowing of land is commonly
adopted to maintain soil
fertility
Non rotation of field, settled
farmer
Source:- https://owlcation.com/agriculture/Types-of-
Agriculture
https://iasscore.in/target-pt/human-and-economic-
geography-part-i

5. - Developed independently in Eurasia and the Americas.
- On the Eurasian continent, sedentary agriculture was practiced by
10,000 B.C.E.
- By 7,000 B.C.E., agriculture was also practiced in South America.
- sedentary farming on both continents allowed civilization to develop.
HISTORY
Source:- http://ontheworldmap.com/eurasia/eurasia-location-map.html

6. DISTRIBUTION
0°
Tropical parts of
central & south
America
Parts of SE
Asia

7. CROPS
Maize Millets Paddy
Vegetables Tobacco Squash
Banana Tapioca Pulses

8. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & CULTURAL FACTORS
- Rural household
- Poor peoples and household
- Lack of basic facilities
- Very good relation with each other
- Manpower employment on field
- Close-knit community
- Draught animals:- Cows & Buffaloes
FACTORS

9. TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS/LEVEL OF MECHANIZATION
PLOUGH

10. YOKE
LEVELLER (SUHAGA)

11. HARROW (DANDAL)
MALLOT
KHILNA

12. KUDALI
SPADE (PHARWA)
SMALL SIKLE (DARANTI)
BIG SIKLE (DARANTI)

13. Fig:- Tools used in sedentary agriculture
Source:-fao.org/3/x5672e/x5672e0a.htm

14. CHARACTERISTICS
Farmers are permanent settlers.
• Crop rotation is practiced.
• Intensive ploughing and hoeing of soils.
• More than one crop in a year are sown.
• Practice of mixed cropping.
•Sowing time:- Winter season
• Growing time :- Rainy season
• Harvesting time:- Dry season
• Fallow lands are frequently reused.
• In SE Asia and west Africa subsistence sedentary farming is often combined with the
cultivation of cash crops or with the collection and sale of forest products.
Source:- Agricultural systems of the world, (Page no:- 164), Agricultural geography,
Majid Hussain

15. THANK YOU