for learn about information system

1. Krishan Madhushanka(Dip in Teaching-ICT) Page 1
f;dr;=re moaO;s
moaO;shla hkq
lsishï ksYaÑ; ld¾hhla fyda wruqKla bgq lr .ekSu ioyd,Bg wod, ksYaÑ; l%shdj,Ska isÿ
lrñka tlaj l%shd lrk tlsfklg wka;¾ ino;djla we;s úúO ix>glhkaf.a tl;=jls'
Wod(-wdydr cS¾k moaO;sh
Yajik moaO;sh
moaO;shl ieleiau
moaO;shl l%shdj,sh
 moaO;shla wdodk ,nd .ksñka tajd ilid m%;sodk ,nd fohs'
 wdodk ,nd.ekSug yd m%;sodk ,nd oSug moaO;sfhka msg; ndysr mrsirh Wmfhda.S lr .kS'
 wdodk f,i o;a; ,nd .ksñka f;dr;=re m%;sodkh lrhs'
 tu f;dr;=re wm ;SrK .ekSu ioyd fhdod .kS'
Wod(- <uqkaf.a ,l=Kq u.ska Tjqkaf.a ,l=Kq j, idudkH,ia:dkh .Kkh lr tu.ska <uqka ms<sno
;SrK j,g meñKSu'
o;a; ieliSu isÿl, yels wdldr
 ud¾. .; ieliSu(Online Real Time Processing)
 ldKav ieliSu(Batch Processing)
ud¾. .: ieliSu hkq o;a; ,nd .kakd wjia:dfõu ilid m%;sodk ,nd oSuhs'
Wod(-ATM hka;%
ldKav ieliSu hkq o;a; hñ ksYaÑ; ld,hla ;=, talrdYS lr miqj ilid m%;sodk ,nd oSuhs'
f;dr;=re moaO;s (Information System)
o;a; , cd, ,WmlrK,;dlaIKh wdosfhka iukaú; f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug WmldrS jk
moaO;shls'fïjd j¾. 2 ls'
 yia;uh moaO;s
 mrs.Kl.; moaO;s
Wm moaO;s
moaO;s iSudj
ix>gl
wdodk
INPUT
ieliSu
PROCESS
m%;sodk
OUTPUT

2. Krishan Madhushanka(Dip in Teaching-ICT) Page 2
yia;uh moaO;s (Manual System)
fujeks moaO;shl ish¿u lghq;= ñksiqka úiska w;ska isÿlrkq ,nhs .Kkh lsrSï wdosh w;ska isÿlr
lvodis j, igyka lr f.dkq f,i .nvdlr ;nd .ekSu úfYaI;ajhhs
fuys wjdis(- wld¾hlaIu;dj
ksrjoH;dj ms<sno .eg¿
mrs.Kl.; moaO;s (Computer based Information System)
fujeks moaO;s yia;uh moaO;s j, wjdis u.yrjd .ekSug mrs.kl Ndú; lrñka ilia lrwe;'
jdis 1' wjYH ´kEu wjia:djl laIKslj f;dr;=re ,nd .; yelsùu
2' f;dr;=re j, ksrjoH;dj by, uÜgul mej;Su
3' wjYHh wdldrhlg f;dr;=re ,nd .; yels ùu
fujeks moaO;shl m%Odk fldgia
 oDVdx.
 uDÿldx.
 ñksiqka
 ld¾h mámdá (Procedures)
 o;a; yd f;dr;=re
f;dr;=re moaO;s j¾.
f;dr;=re moaO;s tajdfha l%shdldrS;ajh wkqj my; mrsos j¾. l, yelsh
 .kqfokq ieliSñ moaO;s (Transaction Processing System)
 l<uKdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;s (Management Information System)
 ;SrK iyfhda.S moaO;s (Decision Support System)
 úfYaI{ moaO;s (Expert System)
.kqfokq ieliSñ moaO;s (Transaction Processing System)
tosfkod isÿjk .kqfokq ilia lsrSu ioyd jk f;dr;=re moaO;shls'fuu.ska ffoksl .kqfokq
f;dr;=re fukau os.==ld,Sk .kqfokq rgdj iy wfkl=;a jd¾;d o ilia lr .; yel'
Wod- nexl=jl f.ùï ;ekam;= jeks .kqfokq ioyd jk moaO;s
l<uKdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;s (Management Information System)
fuu.ska wdh;khl mj;sk o;a; ^fiajl jegqma wdodhï úhoï úl=Kqï&&o;a; iuqodhl
;ekam;a lrk w;r tajd ieliSfuka wjYH f;dr;=re ,nd .kS' fïjd l,uKdlrejkag ;SrK
.ekSu ioyd bjy,a fjS'fuu.ska l<uKdlrejkag ;u wdh;kfha m%.;sh fyda miqnEu ksrSlaIKh
l, yelsh

3. Krishan Madhushanka(Dip in Teaching-ICT) Page 3
.eg¿j w¾:
ksrEmKh
(Problem
Definition)
YlH;d
wOHkh(Feasibility
Study)
moaO;s
úYaf,aIKh(System
Analysis)
moaO;s
ie,iqïlrKh(
System Design)
moaO;s
ixj¾Okh(System
Development)
yrs jeros
mrSlaIdj(Testing)
moaO;s l%shd;aul
lsrSu(System
Implementation)
moaO;s
kv;a;=j(System
Maintenance)
;SrK iyfhda.S moaO;s (Decision Support System)
fïjdfha m%Odk wruqK jkafka ;Srlhkag wjYH jk jeo.;a f;dr;=re ,nd oSuhs fuu
moaO;s ;=,g ;SrK .ekSfï l%u mrsmd,k kS;s l%shdodu yd hdka;%K ms<sno f;dr;===re m%:ufhka
,nd osh hq;===h wod, ;SrK mrsYS,lhd .; hq;=h
úfYaI{ moaO;s (Expert System)
fuu moaO;s ;=,g lsishï lafIa;%hlg wod, ish¿u oekqu m%:ufhka we;==,;a l, hq;==h
túsg wod, ;;ajhkag .e,fmk mrsos oekqï iuqodh .fùIKh lrñka Wmfoia ,nd oSu isÿ≥ lrhs
idudkHfhka mrs.klhlg is;Sfï yelshdjla fkdue;s jqj;a úêu;a wdldrhlg hï lafIa;%hlg
wod< oekqu ,nd oSu ;=,ska lD;S%u nqoaêhla ,nd osh yel
Wod- ffjoHjrfhl= i;= oekqu úêu;a f,i mrs.Kl.; lr tu.ska ffjoH WmoiaoSfï úfYaI{
moaO;shla ielish yel
moaO;s ixj¾Ok cSjk pl%h (System Development Life Cycle)
f;dr;=re moaO;shla ks¾udKh lsrSu ioyd Ndú; lrk jvd;a m%p,s; l%ufùohls tys
mshjr my; oelafù
1. .eg¿Ωj w¾: ksrEmKh-Problem Definition
2. YlH;d wOHkh-Feasibility Study
3. moaO;s úYaf,aIKh-System Analysis
4. moaO;s ie,iqïlrKh-System Design
5. moaO;s ixj¾Okh-System Development
6. yrs jeros mrSlaIdj-Testing
7. moaO;s l%shd;aul lsrSu-System Implementation
8. moaO;s kv;a;=j-System Maintenance
moaO;s ixj¾Ok cSjk pl%h (System Development Life Cycle)

4. Krishan Madhushanka(Dip in Teaching-ICT) Page 4
1' .egΩ¿j w¾: ksrEmKh-(Problem Definition)
fuysoS iuia: moaO;shu ms<sno wjodkh fhduq lrñka ukd wjfndaOhla
,nd .ekSu isÿ lrhs ta ;=,ska moaO;sfha,
 wruqKq
 n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ld¾hhka
 wdodk yd m%;sodk
 ld¾hlaIu;dj
 w;=re uqyqK;a
 wdrlaIdj hk lreKq ms<sno wjfndaOhla ,nd .ksñka ir, f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lsrSu
fuysoS isÿfõ'
2' YlH;d wOHhkh-(Feasibility Study)
fuysoS moaO;sh f.dvke.Su ioyd wdh;kh i;= Yla;Ska m%udkj;ao
hkak fidhd n,hs tys fldgia 3 ls
 ;dlaIKsl YlH;dj
 fufyhqï YlH;dj
 wd¾:sl YlH;dj
3' moaO;s úYaf,aIKh-(System Analysis)
fuysoS moaO;sh ks¾udKh lsrSug m%:ufhka tys wjYH;dj n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ld¾hhka tys ;sìh
hq;= ,laIK hkdosh ms<sno oS¾> wOHhkhla isÿ lrhs
ta ioyd th Ndú; lrkakka iu.idlõPd lsrSu fukau ,sms f,alk l%shdodu wdosh wOHhkh l,
hq;=h tkï fuysoS moaO;sfha we;s wjYH;d ms<sno mQ¾K wOHkhl fhfok w;r tajd fldgia 2 ls
1. ld¾hh wjYH;d (Functional Requirement)
2. ld¾hh fkdjk wjYH;d (Non Functional Requirement)
ld¾hh wjYH;d (Functional Requirement)
tkï moaO;sh Ndú;fhka lsrSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ld¾hhkah
Wod(- nexl= moaO;shla kï uqo,a ;ekam;a lsrsu" wdmiq .ekSu" Kh .ekSu" ffoksl yd udisl
jd¾;d .ekSu wdos lghq;=
ld¾hh fkdjk wjYH;d (Non Functional Requirement)
tkï ld¾hh wjYH;d j,g wod, fkdjk wfkl=;a ish¨u wjYH;djhka óg wh;ah
Wod(- moaO;sfha ld¾hlaIu;dj (Efficiency)
moaO;sfha úYajdikSh nj (Reliability)
moaO;sfha w;=reuqyqK;a j, wjYH;d (Interface)
moaO;sfha wdrlaIlNdjh (Security)

5. Krishan Madhushanka(Dip in Teaching-ICT) Page 5
f.dv ke.Sug wfmalaIs; moaO;sfha ish¨u wjYH;d ioyka lr ieliQ f,aLkh “System
Requirements Specification” f,i yÿkajhs'
 moaO;s úYaf,aIKfha oS wjYH lrk o;a; tla /ia lsrSu ioyd my; l%u Ndú; l, yel
1& jd¾;d fyda ,smsf.dkq ksrSlaIKh (Record Searchhing)
2& iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùu (Interviewing)
3& m%Yakdj,s Ndú;h (Questionnaire)
4& ksrSlaIKh (Observation)
5& ksheos Ndú;h (Sampling)
4' moaO;s ie,iqïlrKh-(System Design)
fuys m%Odk ld¾hhka 4ls
 uDÿldx. ix>gl yÿkd .ekSu
 moaO;sfha uDÿldx. ks¾ñ;sh yÿkd .ekSu
 w;=re uqyqK;a ieliqu
 o;a; iuqodh (Database) ieliqu
5' moaO;s ixj¾Okh-(System Development)
moaO;s ie,iqfï oS yÿkd.;a ix>gl wdosh mrs.Kl NdIdjla u.ska l%uf,aLKh lsrSfuka
fuu l%shdj,sh isÿ lrkq ,efí' fuysoS l%uf,aLkhg iqÿiq mrs.Kl NdIdjla f;dard .ekSfï oS my;
lreKq ms<sno j ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h'
 Ndú; jk lafIa;%h
 moaO;sfha úYd,;ajh iy ld¾h Ndrh
 ie,iqu l%shd;aul lsrSug we;s myiqlï
 moaO;s kv;a;= lsrSug we;s myiqlï
6' yrs jeros mrSlaIdj-(Testing)
by; wdldrhg ixj¾Okh lrk ,o moaO;sfha fodaI we;s oehs mrslaId l< hq;=h' tfia
we;s úh yels fodaI j¾. 3ls'
1' fla; fodaI
2' ie,iqï fodaI
3' wjYH;d fodaI
tfiau ld¾h fkdjk wjYH;d imqrd we;s oehs ne,Su" ld¾hlaIu nj" úYajdikSh
nj"wdrlaIdldrs nj wdosh o mrslaIdjg Ndckh flf¾' fufia mrslaIdjg ,la lsrSu woshr 3lska
hqla;h'

6. Krishan Madhushanka(Dip in Teaching-ICT) Page 6
1' moaO;s tall fjk fjku mrslaId lsrSu (Unit Testing)
2' tall tlsfklg iïnkaO ù wod, ld¾hhka kshñ;j isÿfõoehs mrslaId lsrSu
(Integration Testing)
3' iïmQ¾K moaO;shgu wod, wdodk ,nd foñka mrslaId lsrSu (Acceptance Testing)
7' moaO;s l%shd;aul lsrSu- (System Implementation)
by; yÿkd.;a fodaI ksrdlrKh lr wjidkfha moaO;sh wdh;kh ;=, l%shd;aul l<
hq;=h' th wdldr 4lg isÿ l, yel'
1' Rcq l%shd;aul lsrSu (Direct Implementation)
mj;sk moaO;sh bj;a fldg ta fjkqjg kj mrs.Kl .; moaO;sh l%shd;aul lsrSu
2' iudka;r .; l%shd;aul lsrSu (Parallel Implementation)
mj;sk moaO;sh yd kj mrs.Kl .; moaO;sh iudka;rj hï ld,hla mj;ajd f.k hdu
3' kshuq l%shd;aul lsrSu (Pilot Implementation)
merKs moaO;sfha f;dard .;a fldgila kj moaO;sh ;=,g fhduq fldg l%shd;aul lsrSu
4' mshjr wdldrfhka l%shd;aul lsrSu (Staged/Phased Implementation)
merKs moaO;sfha f;dard .;a fldgia mshjr jYfhka kj moaO;sfha ia:dmkh lsrSu
8' moaO;s kv;a;=j-(System Maintenance)
moaO;sh l%shd;aul lr th Ndú; lr f.k hdfï oS wksjd¾hfhka u tys kv;a;= lsrsu l<
hq;=h' Bg fya;= 3ls'
1' mrslaIdfõoS yÿkd fkd.;a kuq;a Ndú;fha oS yÿkd .;a fodaI ksjeros lsrSug wjYH ùu'
2' mrsYS,lhdg w¨;a wjYH;d moaO;sh u.ska ,nd .ekSug wjYH ùu'
Wod(- kj ñ;%YS,s w;=re uqyqK;la wjYH ùu'
w¨;a ld¾h wjYH;d l%shd;aul lsrSug wjYH ùu'
moaO;sfha ld¾hlaIu;dj jeä oshqKq lsrSug wjYH ùu'
3' ;dlaIKfha fjkiaùï ksid moaO;shg w¨;a ;dlaIKfha jdis ,nd .ekSug wjYH f,i
fjkia lsrSu'
Wod(- Ñ;%l moaO;s(Graphic System) " Yío moaO;s(Sound System), mrs.Kl cd,
fhdod f.k moaO;sh jvd;a M,odhs wdldrhg Ndú; lsrSug wjYH f,i fjkia
lsrSu'