wNsfma%rKh provides motivation through satisfying needs and drives. Motivation theories explain it as stemming from learned behaviors (instinct theory), cognitive processes (cognitive approach), or fulfillment of needs (Maslow's hierarchy of needs). Psychoanalytic theory views motivation as arising from unconscious desires, like life and death instincts. Motivation is important to understand as it influences human behavior and performance.

1. wNsfma%rKh
(Motivation)
bfrdakachfialr
cd;sliudcixjrAOk wdh;kh

2. fuu.skawms
n,dfmdfrd;a;=
fjkafka
wNsfm%arKh ls%hdlrkafka flfiaoehs f;areï .ekSu
wNsfm%arKh .ek we;s jsjsO kHdhhkaf;areï .ekSu
usksidf.a meje;aug wNsfm%arKh Woõjkafka flfiaoehs
f;areï .ekSu

3. ye|skajSu
wOHhkh lrhs’ wNsfma%rKh .ek uq,a wjOsfha pska;lhka
ie,l=fõ iuyr ls%hd we;sjkafka wmg md,kh l<
fkdyels wNHka;r fyda ndysr n,hkaf.ka lshdhs.
WodyrKhla jYfhka wms yeisfrkafka i;=g
,nd.kakg;a wi;=g j,lajd.kakg;a yelsjk
wdldrhghs. ukqIH p¾hdjka we;sjkafka wehsoehs
f;areï .ekSug ufkda jsoHd{hka wNsfma%rKh .ek
wOHhkh lrhs. Tjqkag wjYH jkafka usksia p¾hdjka
ls%hd;aul lrjSug mdoljk ls%hdj,shka f;areï
.ekSuhs. ls%hdjka miqmi we;s wNsfma%rKh f;areï
.ekSug Tjqka W;aidy lrhs.
wdorh iy ffjrh miqmi we;s n,fõ. fudkjdo?
Usksiqka wdfõ.YS,S jSug fm<fUkafka wehs? iuyr
usksiqka n,h .ek wfkla whg jvd jevs Wkkaÿjla
olajkafka wehs? yod< (bf.k.;a – learnt) fm<UjSï iy
iajdh;a; (iajdNdjsl – intrinsic) fm<Uùï hkq fudkjdo?
nv.skak, msmdih iy ,sx.sl;ajh jeks woyia wmf.a

4. wNsfma%rKh
(Motivation)
wNsfm%arKh ie<ls,su;a jkafka usksiqkaf.a iy fjk;a cSjSkaf.a
prAhdjka yiqrejk iy Yla;su;a lrk idOl .ekhs (Feldman, 2002:
288).
hï cSjsfhla pd,l (motor) m%;spdr fyda ls%hdldrS;ajhka we;s lrk
fyda j,lajk wjia:djla fyda iajNdjhla f,i wNsfm%arKh ;j;a wdldrhlg
jsia;rl<yelsh (Dwretzky. 1985:274).

5. Motivation
Cycle Motivation
Reward
Need
Drive
Incentive

6. wdYhk / iyc
nqoaOs kHdh
(Instinct Theory)
fhdaclfhls. fuu kHdh ufkda jsoHd{hka jsiska
wNsfma%rKh ms<sn|j m%:ufhkau f.dvke.+ kHdh f,i
ie,fla. Tjqkaf.a u;h kï iyc yeisrSï js,di
bf.k.kakjd (Learned) fkdj cSjjsoHd;aulj ;SrKh jk
njhs. fuu u;hg moku jkafka wmf.a cSj jsoHd;aul
yev.eiauhs. wdYhla (instinct) hkq cSjsfhl=j hï wdldrhlg
yeisrSug yev.iajk iyc cSjjsoHd;aul n,mEuls (Hilgard et
al., 302). fuu u;h ks¾foaY lrk wh m%ldY lf,a wmf.a
ish¿ is;=js,s iy yeisrSï iyc nqoaOsfha (instinct)
m%;sM, f,ih. cSjsfhl=f.a iyc .;s iuyrlg WodyrK kï
igka lsrSu (fight), ;u whs;sjdislï /lSu (self-assertion),
cq.=maidj (repulsion), m%ckkh (reproduction), w;am;a
lr.ekSu (acquisition) iy f.dvke.Suhs (construction).
l=re,a,ka l+vq yok nj iy ul=¿jka Tjqkaf.a ksji iy
W.=,a ks¾udKh lrk nj wms oel ;sfnkjd. ul=¿jd oe,a
jshkak okafka flfiao? l=re,a,ka l+vq yokak okafka

7. m%cdkk
m%fõYh
(Cognitive
Approach)
lrkafka wNsfma%rKh hkq usksiqkaf.a m%%cdkkh
;=<ska Wmosk is;=js,s n,dfmdfrd;a;= iy
mrud¾: j, M,hla njhs. m%%cdkkh hkq pska;k
ls%hdj,shg jsoHd;aul fhÿuhs.
ufkdajsoHd;aulj fjk;a jpk j,ska lshkjdkï
thska woyia jkafka mqoa.,hl=f.a udkisl
ls%hdj,sh ms<sn| f;dr;=re ieliSfï
oelauhs. WodyrKhla jYfhka mqoa.,hska
jsNd.hla i|yd mdvï lsrSug fm<fUk m%udKh
mokï jkafka jsNd.fhaoS ;ukag ,ensh yels
id¾:l;ajh .ek Tjqka ;=< we;s

8. udkjjdoSm%fjzYh
(Humanistic
Approach)
fuu m%fõYhg wkqj usksiqka Tjqkaf.a Wmrsu .la;sh
fhdod Tjqkag yels Wmrsuh ,nd .ekSug W;aidy lrhs.
fufia Wmrsuh ,nd .ekSug W;aidy lrkjsg jsjsO
ndOlj,g uqyqK oSug isÿfõ.
WodyrK jYfhka l=i.skak, msmdih, ,sx.sl wdYdjka,
uQ,H wjYH;d iy wdrlaIdj tu ndOlhs. m%p,s;u udkjjdoS
kHdhhkaf.k tlla fhdckd lrk ,oafoa Abraham Maslow
jsisks. Tyqf.a kHdh ‘wjYH;d Oqrdj,sh’ (Hierarchy of
Needs) hkqfjka ye|skafõ. Maslow f.a wdlD;sh jsjsO
wNsfma%rK wjYH;d wdfrdayK ms,sfj,lg ilia jS we;s
nj fmkajd fok w;r by, ;,fha wjYH;d (higher order
needs) bgq lsrSug fmr iuyr my, ;,fha wjYH;d (lower
oder neds) bgql< hq;= nj ;¾l lrhs. my, ;,fha wjYH;d
my,skq;a by, ;,fha wjYH;d by,skq;a ia:dk.; lr we;.

9. wd;au mrsmqrAK;ajh
mqoa., jrAOkh iy ;Dma;su;a nj
fi!kaorAhd;aul wjYH;d
iqkaor;ajh,ix;=,kh , iajrEmh wdoS
{dkk wjYH;d
oekqu,wrA:h ,iajhxwjfndaOh
iïudkk wjYH;d
ch.%yK , ;rd;sru , j.lSu , lSrA;sh
wh;a nfjz iy wdorfha wjYH;d
mjq,, iafkayh,iuznkaO;d,jevlrklKavdhuwdosh
wdrlaIl wjYH;d
/ljrKh,wdrlaIdj, jskh, kS;sh, iSud,ia:dhs;djwdosh
cSjjsoHd;aul iy ldhsl wjYH;d
uQ,sl cSjk wjYH;d- jd;h,wdydr, nSu,wdjrKh,WKqiqu,,sx.sl ixirA.h , kskaowdosh

10. wNsfma%rKhms<sn|
ufkdajsYaf,aIKd;aulkHdh
(Psychoanalytic
Theory of
Motivation)
ufkdajsYaf,aIKd;aul kHdfha ;rAlh kï mqoa.,hska
ls%hdlrk ms<sfj, ;SrKh lrkafka fyda wNsfma%rKh
n,j;a iyc Yla;Ska njhs’ fuu kHdh fhdackd l< Freud
i|yka lf,a b;d n,j;a Yla;Ska folla prAhdj ;SrKh lrk njhs’
,sx.sl yeisrSï ;=<ska m%ldY jk cSjk wdYhka (life
instincts) iy wdl%uKldrS yeisrSï hgska osfjk urKh
ms<sn| wdYhka (death instinct) [Hilgard et
al., 1975:303).

11. is;d ne,Sug
lreKq
 wNsfma%rKh wmf.a p¾hdjka yiqrejkafka iy
Yla;su;a lrkafka flfiao?
 iyc p¾hd rgdjka bf.k .kakjdg jvd
cSjjsoHd;aulj ;SrKh jk nj Tn jsYajdi
lrkjdo? meyeos,s lrkak.
 Maslow f.a ‘wjYH;d Oqrdj,sh’ (Hierarchy of
Needs)‘’ Tnf.a tosfkod cSjs;hg wod,jk nj
Tn jsYajdi lrkjdo? Tnf.a ms<s;=r
meyeos,s lrkak.
 Tn Freud f.a wNsfma%rK kHdh iuÕ tlÕ
jkafkao? Tnf.a ms<s;=r jsfõpkd;aulj

12. Thank you!
National Institute of Social Development
www.nisd.ac.lk