10 fY%aKsh
Page 1
úoHdj
10 fY%aKsh
Page 2
úoHdj
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wOHdmk l<dmh
10 fY%aKsh - úoHdj úIhh jd¾Isl ie,iqu
úÿyf,a ku (- i;shlg ld,ÉfPao .Kk (-
.=reNj;df.a ku (- jdrhlg l<hq;= we.hSï .Kk (-
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - m<uq jdrh ld,É
-fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
1'1
3'1
cSjfhys ridhksl mokfuys jeo.;alu ms<sn|
wkafõIKh lrhs'
 ffcj wKqj, ixhq;sh" ,ÌK iy WodyrK m%ldY
lrhs'
 tkaihsu y÷kajdoSu iy ta wdY%s; ir, l%shdldrlï
isÿ lrhs'
 c,fha iqúfYAIS ,ÌK fláfhka meyeos,s lrhs'
 mDÓúh u; we;s cSù wdldr i|yd c,h w;jYH nj
ms<s.kshs'
 ffcj wKq" LKsc" úgñka ffcj moaO;s j,g we;s
jeo.;alu f.k yer olajhs'
 LKsc iy úgñkaj, W!K;d ,ÌK m%ldY lr icSj
mod¾:fha iajNdjh w.h lrhs'
ir, f¾Çh p,s; iïnkaO rdYs iy f¾Çh p,s;h
úYaf,aIKh lsrSug p,s; m%ia;dr Ndú;h ms<sn| úuid
n,hs'
10
02
02
02
01
02
01
09
úúO ,sms f,aLk"
m%ia:dr" äuhs"
ma,eá.akï"
mdkamsá"weuhsf,aia
tkaihsuh" iqÿ
msÕka .fvd,la"
úrdu >áldj"
fldafnda,aÜ
laf,darhsâ"
fmryka lvodis"
rEm igyka"
ydmaISÜ"
rEm igyka"
äuhs fld<"
ma,eá.akï"
10 fY%aKsh
Page 3
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - m<uq jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
3'1
2'1
 p,s;h iïnkaO fN!;sl rdYs úia;r lrhs'
 fõ.h yd uOHl fõ.h;a m%fõ.h yd uOHl
m%fõ.h;a fjkalr y÷kd .kakd w;r ta yd iïnkaO
.egˆ úi|hs'
 úia:dmk yd m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr f.dv k.hs'
 m%fõ. ld, m%ia;drfhka ;ajrKh yd úia:dmkh
ksrEmKh jk whqre myohs'
 úia:dmk yd m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr j,ska f;dr;=re
,ndf.k jia;=jl p,s;h úia;r lrhs'
 úia:dmk yd m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr wdY%s; .Kkh lsrSï
isÿ lrhs'
 tall we.hSu$mdi,a mdol we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
mod¾:j, jHqyh ms<sn| úoHd;aul fidhd .ekSï
wkafõIKh lrhs'
 mrudKqj, .%y wdlD;sh" bf,lafg%dak mj;sk Yla;s
uÜgï" tla tla Yla;s uÜgï j, mej;sh yels Wmrsu
bf,lafg%dak ixLHd úia;r lrhs'
 bf,lafg%dak úkHdij, wdlD;s f.dv k.hs'
 mrudKql l%udxlh yd ialkaO l%udxlh y÷kajhs'
 ldKavh yd wdj¾;h úia;r lr wdj¾;s;d j.=j f.dv
k.hs'
01
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02
02
01
01
02
12
02
02
01
02
ùÿre f.da,"
úrdu >áldj"
l¾gka f¾,su"
ñkqï máh"
wdOdrl 2 la"
mEkla" fldgq
lvodis" A4 fld<"
ì%iag,a fndaâ"
ydmaISÜ"
ma,eá.akï"
,E,s" jdfka lïì"
mnˆ"laf,a" rn¾
wen" iafmdala
lïì" iqm¾ .a¨"
n|sk lïì" l=vd
mnˆ" fnda, 3 la"
ì%iag,a fndaâ"
l;=re" rE,la" .ï"
udl¾ mEka"
10 fY%aKsh
Page 4
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - m<uq jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
2'1
3'2
 iuia:dksl úia;r lr wdj¾;s;d j.=fõ oelsh yels
rgd y÷kajhs" ^ m<uqjk whkSlrK Yla;sh" úoHq;a
RK;djh &
 f,day" wf,day iy f,daydf,dayj, .=K yd Ndú;
wjia:d úia;r lrhs'
 uQ,øjHj, ixhqc;dj y÷kajd ta weiqfrka ixfhda.j,
ridhksl iQ;% f.v k.hs'
 tall we.hSu$mdi,a mdol we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
n,hl wdprK úia;r lsrSu i|yd p,s;h ms<sn|
ksõgkaf.a kshu fhdod .kshs'
 n,hl wdprKh fmkakqï lsrSug ir, l%shdldrlïj,
fhfohs'
 n,fhys SI tall ks¾jpkh lrhs'
 p,s;h ms<sn| ksõgkaf.a m<uqjk kshuh weiqfrka
n,h hk ixl,amh úia;r lrhs'
 ksõgkaf.a foqjk kshuh F=ma wdldrfhka m%ldY lr
ta weiqfrka .egˆ úi|hs'
 l%shdj yd m%;sl%shdj weiqfrka ksõgkaf.a ;=kajk kshuh
meyeos,s lrhs'
 .uH;djh" .uH;djh flfrys n,mdk idOl"
.uH;djfhys fhoSu meyeos,s lrhs'
01
02
02
02
09
01
02
02
02
02
wdj¾;s;d j.="
m<uq whkSlrK
Yla;sh" úoHq;a
RK;d we;=,;a
j.=" m%ia;dr
10 fY%aKsh
Page 5
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - m<uq jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
3'3
1'2
>¾IKfha iajNdjh iy thska we;s m%fhdack wkaùÌKh
lrhs
 >¾IKfha iajNdjh iy iSudldrS" iaÓ;sl" .;sl
>¾IK n,h fmkaùug l%shdldrlï isÿ lrhs'
 iSudldrS >¾IK n,h flfrys n,mdk idOl y÷kd
.ekSug mrSÌK isÿ lrhs'
 udkj l%shdldrlï j,oS >¾IKh fjkia lr.ekSug
Ndú; lrk l%u úia;r lr >¾IKfha we;s m%fhdack
w.h lrhs'
 tall we.hSu$mdi,a mdol we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
wkaùÌSh ksrSÌKd u; mokïj Ydl yd I;a;aj ffi,
j, jHqyh wkdjrKh lr .kshs'
 iqúfYAISA ,dÌKsl Ndú; lrñka imhd we;s ffi,
lÜg, ksrSÌKh lr j¾. lrhs'
 ffi, bkaøshsld wkaùÌSh iajNdjfhka hq;= nj m%ldY
lrhs'
 o¾YSh ffi,h ms<sn| ixl,amh m%ldY lr Ydl yd
i;a;aj ffi,j, fjkialï m%ldY lrhs' oS we;s ffi,
rEm igykl bkaøshsld kï lrhs' cSjfha jHqyuh yd
lD;Huh tallh ffi,h f,i w.hhs'
03
01
01
01
02
07
02
02
rˆ" iqug mDIaG
iys; ,S l=Üá"
fkd'0 iy fkd'1
je,s lvodis"
ÿKq ;rdosh"
gqjhska kQ,a" úúO
uÜgï j, ;rdos
mä"
ùÿre l|d yd
jeiqï fm;s"
wkaùÌSh ilia
l, l|d ^Ydl
yd i;a;j&"
mskai," fhda.Ü
ye|s"
Ydl yd i;a;aj
ffi,j, úYd,s;
kï l< rEm
igykla"
10 fY%aKsh
Page 6
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - m<uq jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
1'2
2'2
 ffi, bkaøshsldj, jHqyuh yd lD;Huh
iïnkaO;djh ixÌsma;j olajhs'
 ffi, j¾Okh yd ffi, úNdckh meyeos,s lr
W!kkh yd wkQkkh tys wdldr nj m%ldY lrhs'
W!kkh yd wkQkkh ii|hs'
 tall we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fojk jdrh
uQ,øjH yd ixfhda. m%udKkh lsrSug ujq,h fhdod .kshs'
 mrudKql ialkaOh yd id'm'ia' w¾: olajhs'
 fok ,o mrudKqjl id'm'ialkaOh .Kkh lrhs'
 id'w'ia' w¾: olajd wKqjl id'w'ia' .Kkh lrhs'
 uQ,øjHj, id'm'ia' Ndú; lrñka ixfhda.j, id'w'ia
.Kkh lrhs'
 wej.dâfrda ksh;h olajhs'
 øjH m%udKkh lsrSfï tallh f,i ujq,h y÷kajd th
w¾: olajhs'
 ialkaOh" øjH m%udKh iy ujq,sl ialkaOh w;r
iïnkaO;d mokï lr .ksñka .Kkh lsrSïj,
fhfok w;r ujq,sl ialkaOhg tall we;suq;a
id'm'ialkaOhg yd id'w'ialkaOhg tall fkdue;s nj
ms<s.kshs'
 tall we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
01
02
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12
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01
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02
rEm igyka yd
fm< fmd;"
l|d m%fÌamk
uÕska"
f;|Vq ;=,dj"
fnda,aÜ weK"
uqrsÉÑ" fjdI¾"
10 fY%aKsh
Page 7
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - fojk jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
1'3
3'4
2'3
icSj yd wcSj mod¾:h fjka lr oelaùu i|yd icSj
mod¾:fha ,dÌKsl Wmfhda.S lr .kS'
 cSùkaf.a ,dÌKsl úia;r lrhs'
 ffi,Sh ixúOdkh iy Yajikh
 ixfõoS;dj yd p,k
 nysY%djh yd m%ckkh
 j¾Okh yd úlikh
n, iïm%hqla;h M,odhs f,i fhdod .ksñka jev myiq
lr .kshs'
 n, iïm%hqla;h ixl,amh meyeos,s lr tys n,mEu
i|yd l%shdldrlï fufyhjhs'
 tal f¾Çh yd iudka;r n, j, iïm%hqla;h fiùug
l%shdldrlï fufyhjhs'
 tal f¾Çh n, 2 la yd iudka;r n, 2 l
iïm%hqla;hg wod, ixLHd;aul .egˆ úi|hs'
 l=vd n, iuQyhl tl;=j úYd, n,hla nj;a
wjia:dkql+,j n,fha úYd,;ajh yd osYdj fjkia l,
yels nj y÷kd .kshs'
ixfhda.j, mj;akd nkaOk iy tajdfha .=K w;r
in|;d fmkajhs'
 ridhksl nkaOk iEoSug bf,' iyNd.s jk nj m%ldY
lrhs'
 bf,' ,ndf.k RK whk;a" bf,' msglr Ok whk;a
idok whqre úia;r lrhs'
05
01
01
01
01
01
05
01
02
01
01
10
01
02
wdf,dal
wkaùÌh" jeiqï
fm;s"
úi¾ck k,"
fla;= ma,dial="
îlr" ì%iag,a
fndaâ" ma,eá.akï"
ne¨ka" kQ,a" ir,
wj,ïnhla"
óg¾ rE,la" ÿkq
;rdos" kQ,a"
fg%d,s" kQ,a" ÿkq
;rdos"
mnˆ"
iaghsfrdf*daï"
w,afmfk;s"
10 fY%aKsh
Page 8
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - fojk jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
2'3
3'5
3'6
 Ok yd RK whk tajdfha wdfrdamK iy tajd w;r
isÿjk wdl¾IK úia;r lrhs'
 ¨úia jHqyh ks¾udKh lrhs'
 whksl" iyixhqc ixfhda. j, wdlD;s f.dv k.hs'
 O%eùlrKh y÷ks.ksñka c,fha O%eùh;djfha m%fhdack
úia;r lrhs'
 Whksl" iyixhqc ixfhda.j, fN!;sl .=K wdo¾Ykh
lrhs'
 tall we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
n,hl N%uK wdprKfha n,mEu .Kkh yd ksudkh
lrhs'
 n,hl N%uK wdprKh wdo¾Ykh lsrSug ir,
l%shdldrlï fufyhjñka n, >Q¾Kh flfrys n,mdk
idOl úia;r lrhs'
 n, >Q¾Kh úia;r lr n, >Q¾Kfha tall i|yka
lrhs'
 N%uK wdprKh jdudj¾: yd oÌsKdj¾; f,i oelaúh
yels nj m%ldY lrhs'
 n, hq.auhl >Q¾Kh meyeos,s lr fhfok wjia:d
,ehsia;= .; lrhs'
n, iu;=,s;;dj i|yd we;s wjYH;d .fõIKh lrhs'
 n, iu;=,s;;djh wdo¾Ykh lr úia;r lrhs' ^ n,
2 la" n, 3 la iudka;r yd iudka;r fkdjk &
02
01
01
01
02
02
05
02
01
01
01
04
02
.a¨fldaia ødjKh"
úh<s fldaI"
ldnka
bf,lafg%dav"
lïì" LED, NaCl,
10 fY%aKsh
Page 9
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - fojk jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
3'6
1'4
 n, iu;=,s;;djh i|yd ;sìh hq;= wjYH;d meyeos,s
lrhs' ^ n, 2 la" n, 3 la iudka;r yd iudka;r
fkdjk &
 n, iu;=,s;;djfha m%dfhda.sl fhoSu úia;r lrhs'
 tall we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
iqÿiq l%u fhdod .ksñka cSùka j¾. lrhs'
 j¾.SlrKfha jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'
 iajNdúl yd lD;su j¾.SlrK l%u we;s nj olajhs'
 wdlshd" nelaàrshd iy hqlershd wêrdcOdks f,i olajhs'
 úfYaI ,ÌK wkqj m%Odk cSù ldKav nelaàrshd"
hqlershd" fm%dáiagd" *ka.hs" ma,dkafÜ iy weksud,shd
f,i j¾. lrhs'
 wdfõKsl ,ÌK wkqj talîc m;%S yd oaúîc m;%SYdl
y÷kd.kshs'
 wmqIam Ydl îc ksmojk yd îc fkdksmojk Ydl
f,i WodyrK iys;j j¾.SlrKh lrhs'
 wmDIaGjxYSka iS,kagf¾gd" wfk,svd" fud¨iald"
wd;%fmdavd yd tlsfkdfv¾udgd f,i j¾.SlrKh lrhs'
 mDIaGjxYSka msiaflaia" weïmsîhd" frmaà,shd" wdfõia yd
uud,shd f,i j¾.SlrKh lrhs'
 oaúmo kdulrKh fhdod .ksñka cSúkaf.a úoHd;aul
kdu ,shhs'
01
01
02
12
01
01
01
02
01
01
02
02
01
j¾.SlrK
igyka"
fm<fmd;" Ydl
kso¾Yl" rEm
igyk"
10 fY%aKsh
Page 10
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - fojk jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
1'5
3'7
cSjfha wLKav;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd m%ckkfha
odhl;ajh úu¾Ykh lrhs'
 iqÿiq ksoiqka fhdod .ksñka ,sx.sl yd w,sx.sl
m%ckkfha fjkialï olajhs'
 Ydlj, j¾Ol m%ckkh wdo¾Ykh lsrSu i|yd ir,
l%shdldrlï isÿ lrhs'
 mgl frdamKfha moku meyeos,s lrhs'
 Ydlj, ,sx.sl m%ckkh meyeos,s lrhs'
 M, yd îcj, wkqj¾;k biau;= lrñka tajd jHdma;
jk l%u y÷kd .kshs'
 Ydl iïm;a ;sridr mrSÌKh lsrSfï ixl,amh ms<s
.kshs'
 ixfiapk l%shdj,sh iy wêfrdamK l%shdj,sh úia;r
lrhs'
 udkj m%ckkfhys,d wd¾;j pl%fhys jeo.;alu
myohs'
 ,sx.slj iïfm%IKh jk frda. Úia;r lrhs'
 ,sx.sl p¾hd iïnkaOfhka j.lSfuka hq;= mqrjeishl=
f,i lghq;= lrhs'
f;jk jdrh
.s,Su" bms,Su iy mSvk iïfm%aIKh iïnkaO l%shdj,s
wkdjrKh lr .ekSug øjiaÓ;sfha uQ,O¾u yd kshu
Ndú; lrhs'
 jdhq" øj uÕska we;s flfrk mSvkh wdo¾Ykh i|yd
ir, WmlrK idohs'
10
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
08
01
rEm igyka"
ùâfhda má
10 fY%aKsh
Page 11
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - f;jk jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
3'7
2'4
 øjiaÓ;sl mSvkh m%ldY lr p=hqg iólrKh
Ndú;fhka .Kkh lrhs'
 mSvk iïfm%aIKh fmkaùug ir, l%shdldrlula isÿlr
øj mSvkh M,odhs f,i fhdod .efkk wjia:d
olajhs'
 jev myiq lr .ekSug mSvkfha jeo.;alu ms<sf.k
kùk ;dÌKfhaoS mSvk iïfm%aIKfha m%fhdack
y÷kd.kshs'
 riosh jdhq mSvkudkh yd ks¾øj jdhq mSvkudkh
uÕka jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh ueksh yels nj y÷kdf.k
ksjerosj mdGdxl ,nd .kshs'
 øjhla uÕska jia;=jla u; we;s lrk Wvql=re f;rmqu
flfrys wdlsñäia uQ,O¾uh n,mdk nj y÷kdf.k
th wdo¾Ykh lrhs'
 jia;=fõ nr yd Wvql=re f;rmqu wkqj .s,Su yd
bms,Su ixl,am y÷kajd oS tajd fmkaùug ir, Wml%u
Ndú; lrhs'
 øjudkh yøkdf.k th ksjerosj Ndú; lrhs'
 øjhla ;=< jia;=jla .s,Su fyda bms,Su tu øjHfha
>k;ajh n,mdhs'
 tall we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''
ridhksl úm¾hdi iqÿiq mrsos fhdojñka cSú; wjYH;d
imqrd .kshs'
 ridhksl m%;sl%shd j¾. lr olajhs'
 ;=,s; ridhksl iñlrK ,shd olajhs'
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
13
02
01
10 fY%aKsh
Page 12
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - f;jk jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
2'4
2'5
3'8
 f,dayj, m%;sl%shd iioñka il%sh;d fY%aKsh f.dv
k.hs'
 il%sh;d fY%aKsh weiqfrka f,day ksiaidrKh lrk l%u
úia;r lrhs'
 hlv ksiaidrKh lrk l%uh meyeos,s lrhs'
 yhsv%cka" Tlaiscka" ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jdhq ksIamdokh
lr .=K mrSÌd lrhs'
 tall we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''
tosfkod cSú;hg wjYH mrsos m%;sl%shd YS>%;dj md,kh
lrhs'
 idudkH cSú;fha fifuka isÿjk m%;sl%shd iy fõ.j;aj
isÿjk m%;sl%shd ms<sn|j isys.ekaùu weiqfrka m%;sl%shd
YS>%;dj ms<sn| woyi oSu
 m%;sl%shd YS>%;djg n,mdk idOl wdo¾Ykh lrhs'
 wjYH mrsos m%;sl%shd YS>%;dj md,kh l< yels nj
ms<s.kshs'
hdka;%sl Yla;sh iy hdka;%sl l%shdj,s iïnkaO cjh
m%udKkh lrhs'
 ld¾hh w¾: olajhs'
 hdka;%sl Yla;sfha m%fNao fol y÷kajhs'
 pd,l Yla;sfha yd úNj Yla;sfha Ndú; wdo¾Ykh
lrhs'
 pd,l Yla;sh yd úNj Yla;sh .Kkh lsrSug
iñlrK m%ldY lrhs'
03
02
01
04
02
05
01
03
01
05
01
02
5m muK os.
/ojqï oKavla"
cs,a fnda,hla"
óg¾ rE,la"
wdOdrlh"
10 fY%aKsh
Page 13
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - f;jk jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
3'8
3'9
 iólrK Ndú;h yd .Kkh lsrSu'
 cjh hkak w¾: olajhs' cjh .Kkh lrhs'
 tall we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''
ir, mrsm:j, l%shdldrs;ajh wjfndaO lr .ekSug iy
md,kh lsrSug Odrd úoHq;fha uQ,sl kHdh iy uQ,O¾u
Ndú; lrhs'
 úoHq;h iaÓ;s úoHq;h yd Odrd úoHq;h foi fnfok
nj;a Odrd úoHq;fhaoS iïu; Odrdfõ osYdjka bf,'
Odrdj .,k osYdjka tlsfkl fjkia nj;a l%shdldrlï
uÕska meyeos,s lrhs'
 fldaIhla uÕska úÿ,sh iemhSfïoS úoHq;a .dul n,fha
yd úNj wka;rfha fjkila we;s nj myod fohs'
 mrsm:hl úÿ,sh .e,Sug we;s ndOdj m%;sfrdaOh nj;a
th R ixfla;fhka y÷kajk w;r ´ï j,ska uksk
nj;a jgyd .kS' m%;sfrdaOh flfrys n,mdk idOl
mrSÌKd;aulj oek .kshs'
 ´ïf.a kshufha i;H;dj fmkaùug ieliqï ilia
lrhs' t;=,ska o;a; ,ndf.k V,I w;r m%ia;drh w|shs'
 m%;sfrdaO j¾. y÷kajd oS tajdfha j¾K" fla; uÕska
w.h fidhhs'
 m%;sfrdaO iudka;r.;j yd fY%aKs.;j iïnkaO lr
tajdfha fjkialï y÷kd .kshs'
 by; l%uhg m%;sfrdaO iïnkaO lr iul m%;sfrdaOh
ukshs'
 mrsm:j, m%;sfrdaOl by; f,i iïnkaO;dj M,odhsj
m%fhdackhg .kshs'
 tall we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
01
01
02
10
01
01
01
03
01
01
01
01
02
10 fY%aKsh
Page 14
úoHdj
ksmqK;d
uÜgu
ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - f;jk jdrh ld,É-
fPao
fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul
fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk
1'6 cSùkaf.a wdfõKl ,ÌKj, rgd wkafõIKh lrhs
 ffcj f,dalfha iq,n wdfõKsl ,ÌK fmkaùug
ksoiqka /ialr bosrsm;a lrhs'
 wdfõKsh iïnkaOj fukav,af.a mrSÌK meyeos,s
lrhs'
 j¾Kfoay ,shd j¾Kfoay" ffoysl j¾Kfoay" cdkh"
m%;snoaO cdk meyeos,s lrhs'
 m%fõKs.; wdndO meyeos,s lrhs'
 wdydr" lDIsld¾ñl" ffjoH yd ld¾ñl fÌa;%j, cdk
;dÌKh fhdod .ekSu úia;r lrhs'
11
01
02
03
02
03
rEm igyka"
mnˆ"
rEm igyka"
ùäfhda mg"
rEm igyka"
ùäfhda mg"
rEm igyka"
ùäfhda mg"
oskh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' oskh (- '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
.=reNj;df.a w;aik úÿy,am;sf.a w;aik

Science 10

  • 1.
  • 2.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 2 úoHdj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''wOHdmk l<dmh 10 fY%aKsh - úoHdj úIhh jd¾Isl ie,iqu úÿyf,a ku (- i;shlg ld,ÉfPao .Kk (- .=reNj;df.a ku (- jdrhlg l<hq;= we.hSï .Kk (- ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;d uÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - m<uq jdrh ld,É -fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 1'1 3'1 cSjfhys ridhksl mokfuys jeo.;alu ms<sn| wkafõIKh lrhs'  ffcj wKqj, ixhq;sh" ,ÌK iy WodyrK m%ldY lrhs'  tkaihsu y÷kajdoSu iy ta wdY%s; ir, l%shdldrlï isÿ lrhs'  c,fha iqúfYAIS ,ÌK fláfhka meyeos,s lrhs'  mDÓúh u; we;s cSù wdldr i|yd c,h w;jYH nj ms<s.kshs'  ffcj wKq" LKsc" úgñka ffcj moaO;s j,g we;s jeo.;alu f.k yer olajhs'  LKsc iy úgñkaj, W!K;d ,ÌK m%ldY lr icSj mod¾:fha iajNdjh w.h lrhs' ir, f¾Çh p,s; iïnkaO rdYs iy f¾Çh p,s;h úYaf,aIKh lsrSug p,s; m%ia;dr Ndú;h ms<sn| úuid n,hs' 10 02 02 02 01 02 01 09 úúO ,sms f,aLk" m%ia:dr" äuhs" ma,eá.akï" mdkamsá"weuhsf,aia tkaihsuh" iqÿ msÕka .fvd,la" úrdu >áldj" fldafnda,aÜ laf,darhsâ" fmryka lvodis" rEm igyka" ydmaISÜ" rEm igyka" äuhs fld<" ma,eá.akï"
  • 3.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 3 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - m<uq jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 3'1 2'1  p,s;h iïnkaO fN!;sl rdYs úia;r lrhs'  fõ.h yd uOHl fõ.h;a m%fõ.h yd uOHl m%fõ.h;a fjkalr y÷kd .kakd w;r ta yd iïnkaO .egˆ úi|hs'  úia:dmk yd m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr f.dv k.hs'  m%fõ. ld, m%ia;drfhka ;ajrKh yd úia:dmkh ksrEmKh jk whqre myohs'  úia:dmk yd m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr j,ska f;dr;=re ,ndf.k jia;=jl p,s;h úia;r lrhs'  úia:dmk yd m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr wdY%s; .Kkh lsrSï isÿ lrhs'  tall we.hSu$mdi,a mdol we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mod¾:j, jHqyh ms<sn| úoHd;aul fidhd .ekSï wkafõIKh lrhs'  mrudKqj, .%y wdlD;sh" bf,lafg%dak mj;sk Yla;s uÜgï" tla tla Yla;s uÜgï j, mej;sh yels Wmrsu bf,lafg%dak ixLHd úia;r lrhs'  bf,lafg%dak úkHdij, wdlD;s f.dv k.hs'  mrudKql l%udxlh yd ialkaO l%udxlh y÷kajhs'  ldKavh yd wdj¾;h úia;r lr wdj¾;s;d j.=j f.dv k.hs' 01 02 02 02 01 01 02 12 02 02 01 02 ùÿre f.da," úrdu >áldj" l¾gka f¾,su" ñkqï máh" wdOdrl 2 la" mEkla" fldgq lvodis" A4 fld<" ì%iag,a fndaâ" ydmaISÜ" ma,eá.akï" ,E,s" jdfka lïì" mnˆ"laf,a" rn¾ wen" iafmdala lïì" iqm¾ .a¨" n|sk lïì" l=vd mnˆ" fnda, 3 la" ì%iag,a fndaâ" l;=re" rE,la" .ï" udl¾ mEka"
  • 4.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 4 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - m<uq jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 2'1 3'2  iuia:dksl úia;r lr wdj¾;s;d j.=fõ oelsh yels rgd y÷kajhs" ^ m<uqjk whkSlrK Yla;sh" úoHq;a RK;djh &  f,day" wf,day iy f,daydf,dayj, .=K yd Ndú; wjia:d úia;r lrhs'  uQ,øjHj, ixhqc;dj y÷kajd ta weiqfrka ixfhda.j, ridhksl iQ;% f.v k.hs'  tall we.hSu$mdi,a mdol we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' n,hl wdprK úia;r lsrSu i|yd p,s;h ms<sn| ksõgkaf.a kshu fhdod .kshs'  n,hl wdprKh fmkakqï lsrSug ir, l%shdldrlïj, fhfohs'  n,fhys SI tall ks¾jpkh lrhs'  p,s;h ms<sn| ksõgkaf.a m<uqjk kshuh weiqfrka n,h hk ixl,amh úia;r lrhs'  ksõgkaf.a foqjk kshuh F=ma wdldrfhka m%ldY lr ta weiqfrka .egˆ úi|hs'  l%shdj yd m%;sl%shdj weiqfrka ksõgkaf.a ;=kajk kshuh meyeos,s lrhs'  .uH;djh" .uH;djh flfrys n,mdk idOl" .uH;djfhys fhoSu meyeos,s lrhs' 01 02 02 02 09 01 02 02 02 02 wdj¾;s;d j.=" m<uq whkSlrK Yla;sh" úoHq;a RK;d we;=,;a j.=" m%ia;dr
  • 5.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 5 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - m<uq jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 3'3 1'2 >¾IKfha iajNdjh iy thska we;s m%fhdack wkaùÌKh lrhs  >¾IKfha iajNdjh iy iSudldrS" iaÓ;sl" .;sl >¾IK n,h fmkaùug l%shdldrlï isÿ lrhs'  iSudldrS >¾IK n,h flfrys n,mdk idOl y÷kd .ekSug mrSÌK isÿ lrhs'  udkj l%shdldrlï j,oS >¾IKh fjkia lr.ekSug Ndú; lrk l%u úia;r lr >¾IKfha we;s m%fhdack w.h lrhs'  tall we.hSu$mdi,a mdol we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wkaùÌSh ksrSÌKd u; mokïj Ydl yd I;a;aj ffi, j, jHqyh wkdjrKh lr .kshs'  iqúfYAISA ,dÌKsl Ndú; lrñka imhd we;s ffi, lÜg, ksrSÌKh lr j¾. lrhs'  ffi, bkaøshsld wkaùÌSh iajNdjfhka hq;= nj m%ldY lrhs'  o¾YSh ffi,h ms<sn| ixl,amh m%ldY lr Ydl yd i;a;aj ffi,j, fjkialï m%ldY lrhs' oS we;s ffi, rEm igykl bkaøshsld kï lrhs' cSjfha jHqyuh yd lD;Huh tallh ffi,h f,i w.hhs' 03 01 01 01 02 07 02 02 rˆ" iqug mDIaG iys; ,S l=Üá" fkd'0 iy fkd'1 je,s lvodis" ÿKq ;rdosh" gqjhska kQ,a" úúO uÜgï j, ;rdos mä" ùÿre l|d yd jeiqï fm;s" wkaùÌSh ilia l, l|d ^Ydl yd i;a;j&" mskai," fhda.Ü ye|s" Ydl yd i;a;aj ffi,j, úYd,s; kï l< rEm igykla"
  • 6.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 6 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - m<uq jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 1'2 2'2  ffi, bkaøshsldj, jHqyuh yd lD;Huh iïnkaO;djh ixÌsma;j olajhs'  ffi, j¾Okh yd ffi, úNdckh meyeos,s lr W!kkh yd wkQkkh tys wdldr nj m%ldY lrhs' W!kkh yd wkQkkh ii|hs'  tall we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fojk jdrh uQ,øjH yd ixfhda. m%udKkh lsrSug ujq,h fhdod .kshs'  mrudKql ialkaOh yd id'm'ia' w¾: olajhs'  fok ,o mrudKqjl id'm'ialkaOh .Kkh lrhs'  id'w'ia' w¾: olajd wKqjl id'w'ia' .Kkh lrhs'  uQ,øjHj, id'm'ia' Ndú; lrñka ixfhda.j, id'w'ia .Kkh lrhs'  wej.dâfrda ksh;h olajhs'  øjH m%udKkh lsrSfï tallh f,i ujq,h y÷kajd th w¾: olajhs'  ialkaOh" øjH m%udKh iy ujq,sl ialkaOh w;r iïnkaO;d mokï lr .ksñka .Kkh lsrSïj, fhfok w;r ujq,sl ialkaOhg tall we;suq;a id'm'ialkaOhg yd id'w'ialkaOhg tall fkdue;s nj ms<s.kshs'  tall we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 01 02 02 12 01 02 01 03 01 01 03 02 rEm igyka yd fm< fmd;" l|d m%fÌamk uÕska" f;|Vq ;=,dj" fnda,aÜ weK" uqrsÉÑ" fjdI¾"
  • 7.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 7 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - fojk jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 1'3 3'4 2'3 icSj yd wcSj mod¾:h fjka lr oelaùu i|yd icSj mod¾:fha ,dÌKsl Wmfhda.S lr .kS'  cSùkaf.a ,dÌKsl úia;r lrhs'  ffi,Sh ixúOdkh iy Yajikh  ixfõoS;dj yd p,k  nysY%djh yd m%ckkh  j¾Okh yd úlikh n, iïm%hqla;h M,odhs f,i fhdod .ksñka jev myiq lr .kshs'  n, iïm%hqla;h ixl,amh meyeos,s lr tys n,mEu i|yd l%shdldrlï fufyhjhs'  tal f¾Çh yd iudka;r n, j, iïm%hqla;h fiùug l%shdldrlï fufyhjhs'  tal f¾Çh n, 2 la yd iudka;r n, 2 l iïm%hqla;hg wod, ixLHd;aul .egˆ úi|hs'  l=vd n, iuQyhl tl;=j úYd, n,hla nj;a wjia:dkql+,j n,fha úYd,;ajh yd osYdj fjkia l, yels nj y÷kd .kshs' ixfhda.j, mj;akd nkaOk iy tajdfha .=K w;r in|;d fmkajhs'  ridhksl nkaOk iEoSug bf,' iyNd.s jk nj m%ldY lrhs'  bf,' ,ndf.k RK whk;a" bf,' msglr Ok whk;a idok whqre úia;r lrhs' 05 01 01 01 01 01 05 01 02 01 01 10 01 02 wdf,dal wkaùÌh" jeiqï fm;s" úi¾ck k," fla;= ma,dial=" îlr" ì%iag,a fndaâ" ma,eá.akï" ne¨ka" kQ,a" ir, wj,ïnhla" óg¾ rE,la" ÿkq ;rdos" kQ,a" fg%d,s" kQ,a" ÿkq ;rdos" mnˆ" iaghsfrdf*daï" w,afmfk;s"
  • 8.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 8 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - fojk jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 2'3 3'5 3'6  Ok yd RK whk tajdfha wdfrdamK iy tajd w;r isÿjk wdl¾IK úia;r lrhs'  ¨úia jHqyh ks¾udKh lrhs'  whksl" iyixhqc ixfhda. j, wdlD;s f.dv k.hs'  O%eùlrKh y÷ks.ksñka c,fha O%eùh;djfha m%fhdack úia;r lrhs'  Whksl" iyixhqc ixfhda.j, fN!;sl .=K wdo¾Ykh lrhs'  tall we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' n,hl N%uK wdprKfha n,mEu .Kkh yd ksudkh lrhs'  n,hl N%uK wdprKh wdo¾Ykh lsrSug ir, l%shdldrlï fufyhjñka n, >Q¾Kh flfrys n,mdk idOl úia;r lrhs'  n, >Q¾Kh úia;r lr n, >Q¾Kfha tall i|yka lrhs'  N%uK wdprKh jdudj¾: yd oÌsKdj¾; f,i oelaúh yels nj m%ldY lrhs'  n, hq.auhl >Q¾Kh meyeos,s lr fhfok wjia:d ,ehsia;= .; lrhs' n, iu;=,s;;dj i|yd we;s wjYH;d .fõIKh lrhs'  n, iu;=,s;;djh wdo¾Ykh lr úia;r lrhs' ^ n, 2 la" n, 3 la iudka;r yd iudka;r fkdjk & 02 01 01 01 02 02 05 02 01 01 01 04 02 .a¨fldaia ødjKh" úh<s fldaI" ldnka bf,lafg%dav" lïì" LED, NaCl,
  • 9.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 9 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - fojk jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 3'6 1'4  n, iu;=,s;;djh i|yd ;sìh hq;= wjYH;d meyeos,s lrhs' ^ n, 2 la" n, 3 la iudka;r yd iudka;r fkdjk &  n, iu;=,s;;djfha m%dfhda.sl fhoSu úia;r lrhs'  tall we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' iqÿiq l%u fhdod .ksñka cSùka j¾. lrhs'  j¾.SlrKfha jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'  iajNdúl yd lD;su j¾.SlrK l%u we;s nj olajhs'  wdlshd" nelaàrshd iy hqlershd wêrdcOdks f,i olajhs'  úfYaI ,ÌK wkqj m%Odk cSù ldKav nelaàrshd" hqlershd" fm%dáiagd" *ka.hs" ma,dkafÜ iy weksud,shd f,i j¾. lrhs'  wdfõKsl ,ÌK wkqj talîc m;%S yd oaúîc m;%SYdl y÷kd.kshs'  wmqIam Ydl îc ksmojk yd îc fkdksmojk Ydl f,i WodyrK iys;j j¾.SlrKh lrhs'  wmDIaGjxYSka iS,kagf¾gd" wfk,svd" fud¨iald" wd;%fmdavd yd tlsfkdfv¾udgd f,i j¾.SlrKh lrhs'  mDIaGjxYSka msiaflaia" weïmsîhd" frmaà,shd" wdfõia yd uud,shd f,i j¾.SlrKh lrhs'  oaúmo kdulrKh fhdod .ksñka cSúkaf.a úoHd;aul kdu ,shhs' 01 01 02 12 01 01 01 02 01 01 02 02 01 j¾.SlrK igyka" fm<fmd;" Ydl kso¾Yl" rEm igyk"
  • 10.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 10 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - fojk jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 1'5 3'7 cSjfha wLKav;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd m%ckkfha odhl;ajh úu¾Ykh lrhs'  iqÿiq ksoiqka fhdod .ksñka ,sx.sl yd w,sx.sl m%ckkfha fjkialï olajhs'  Ydlj, j¾Ol m%ckkh wdo¾Ykh lsrSu i|yd ir, l%shdldrlï isÿ lrhs'  mgl frdamKfha moku meyeos,s lrhs'  Ydlj, ,sx.sl m%ckkh meyeos,s lrhs'  M, yd îcj, wkqj¾;k biau;= lrñka tajd jHdma; jk l%u y÷kd .kshs'  Ydl iïm;a ;sridr mrSÌKh lsrSfï ixl,amh ms<s .kshs'  ixfiapk l%shdj,sh iy wêfrdamK l%shdj,sh úia;r lrhs'  udkj m%ckkfhys,d wd¾;j pl%fhys jeo.;alu myohs'  ,sx.slj iïfm%IKh jk frda. Úia;r lrhs'  ,sx.sl p¾hd iïnkaOfhka j.lSfuka hq;= mqrjeishl= f,i lghq;= lrhs' f;jk jdrh .s,Su" bms,Su iy mSvk iïfm%aIKh iïnkaO l%shdj,s wkdjrKh lr .ekSug øjiaÓ;sfha uQ,O¾u yd kshu Ndú; lrhs'  jdhq" øj uÕska we;s flfrk mSvkh wdo¾Ykh i|yd ir, WmlrK idohs' 10 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 08 01 rEm igyka" ùâfhda má
  • 11.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 11 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - f;jk jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 3'7 2'4  øjiaÓ;sl mSvkh m%ldY lr p=hqg iólrKh Ndú;fhka .Kkh lrhs'  mSvk iïfm%aIKh fmkaùug ir, l%shdldrlula isÿlr øj mSvkh M,odhs f,i fhdod .efkk wjia:d olajhs'  jev myiq lr .ekSug mSvkfha jeo.;alu ms<sf.k kùk ;dÌKfhaoS mSvk iïfm%aIKfha m%fhdack y÷kd.kshs'  riosh jdhq mSvkudkh yd ks¾øj jdhq mSvkudkh uÕka jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh ueksh yels nj y÷kdf.k ksjerosj mdGdxl ,nd .kshs'  øjhla uÕska jia;=jla u; we;s lrk Wvql=re f;rmqu flfrys wdlsñäia uQ,O¾uh n,mdk nj y÷kdf.k th wdo¾Ykh lrhs'  jia;=fõ nr yd Wvql=re f;rmqu wkqj .s,Su yd bms,Su ixl,am y÷kajd oS tajd fmkaùug ir, Wml%u Ndú; lrhs'  øjudkh yøkdf.k th ksjerosj Ndú; lrhs'  øjhla ;=< jia;=jla .s,Su fyda bms,Su tu øjHfha >k;ajh n,mdhs'  tall we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''' ridhksl úm¾hdi iqÿiq mrsos fhdojñka cSú; wjYH;d imqrd .kshs'  ridhksl m%;sl%shd j¾. lr olajhs'  ;=,s; ridhksl iñlrK ,shd olajhs' 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 02 13 02 01
  • 12.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 12 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - f;jk jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 2'4 2'5 3'8  f,dayj, m%;sl%shd iioñka il%sh;d fY%aKsh f.dv k.hs'  il%sh;d fY%aKsh weiqfrka f,day ksiaidrKh lrk l%u úia;r lrhs'  hlv ksiaidrKh lrk l%uh meyeos,s lrhs'  yhsv%cka" Tlaiscka" ldnkavfhdlaihsâ jdhq ksIamdokh lr .=K mrSÌd lrhs'  tall we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''' tosfkod cSú;hg wjYH mrsos m%;sl%shd YS>%;dj md,kh lrhs'  idudkH cSú;fha fifuka isÿjk m%;sl%shd iy fõ.j;aj isÿjk m%;sl%shd ms<sn|j isys.ekaùu weiqfrka m%;sl%shd YS>%;dj ms<sn| woyi oSu  m%;sl%shd YS>%;djg n,mdk idOl wdo¾Ykh lrhs'  wjYH mrsos m%;sl%shd YS>%;dj md,kh l< yels nj ms<s.kshs' hdka;%sl Yla;sh iy hdka;%sl l%shdj,s iïnkaO cjh m%udKkh lrhs'  ld¾hh w¾: olajhs'  hdka;%sl Yla;sfha m%fNao fol y÷kajhs'  pd,l Yla;sfha yd úNj Yla;sfha Ndú; wdo¾Ykh lrhs'  pd,l Yla;sh yd úNj Yla;sh .Kkh lsrSug iñlrK m%ldY lrhs' 03 02 01 04 02 05 01 03 01 05 01 02 5m muK os. /ojqï oKavla" cs,a fnda,hla" óg¾ rE,la" wdOdrlh"
  • 13.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 13 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - f;jk jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 3'8 3'9  iólrK Ndú;h yd .Kkh lsrSu'  cjh hkak w¾: olajhs' cjh .Kkh lrhs'  tall we.hSu '''''''''''''''''''''' ir, mrsm:j, l%shdldrs;ajh wjfndaO lr .ekSug iy md,kh lsrSug Odrd úoHq;fha uQ,sl kHdh iy uQ,O¾u Ndú; lrhs'  úoHq;h iaÓ;s úoHq;h yd Odrd úoHq;h foi fnfok nj;a Odrd úoHq;fhaoS iïu; Odrdfõ osYdjka bf,' Odrdj .,k osYdjka tlsfkl fjkia nj;a l%shdldrlï uÕska meyeos,s lrhs'  fldaIhla uÕska úÿ,sh iemhSfïoS úoHq;a .dul n,fha yd úNj wka;rfha fjkila we;s nj myod fohs'  mrsm:hl úÿ,sh .e,Sug we;s ndOdj m%;sfrdaOh nj;a th R ixfla;fhka y÷kajk w;r ´ï j,ska uksk nj;a jgyd .kS' m%;sfrdaOh flfrys n,mdk idOl mrSÌKd;aulj oek .kshs'  ´ïf.a kshufha i;H;dj fmkaùug ieliqï ilia lrhs' t;=,ska o;a; ,ndf.k V,I w;r m%ia;drh w|shs'  m%;sfrdaO j¾. y÷kajd oS tajdfha j¾K" fla; uÕska w.h fidhhs'  m%;sfrdaO iudka;r.;j yd fY%aKs.;j iïnkaO lr tajdfha fjkialï y÷kd .kshs'  by; l%uhg m%;sfrdaO iïnkaO lr iul m%;sfrdaOh ukshs'  mrsm:j, m%;sfrdaOl by; f,i iïnkaO;dj M,odhsj m%fhdackhg .kshs'  tall we.hSu ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 01 01 02 10 01 01 01 03 01 01 01 01 02
  • 14.
    10 fY%aKsh Page 14 úoHdj ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;duÜgu iy bf.kqï M, - f;jk jdrh ld,É- fPao fhdacs; bgql, .=Kd;aul fhojqïwdr'osk wj'osk wdr'osk wj'osk 1'6 cSùkaf.a wdfõKl ,ÌKj, rgd wkafõIKh lrhs  ffcj f,dalfha iq,n wdfõKsl ,ÌK fmkaùug ksoiqka /ialr bosrsm;a lrhs'  wdfõKsh iïnkaOj fukav,af.a mrSÌK meyeos,s lrhs'  j¾Kfoay ,shd j¾Kfoay" ffoysl j¾Kfoay" cdkh" m%;snoaO cdk meyeos,s lrhs'  m%fõKs.; wdndO meyeos,s lrhs'  wdydr" lDIsld¾ñl" ffjoH yd ld¾ñl fÌa;%j, cdk ;dÌKh fhdod .ekSu úia;r lrhs' 11 01 02 03 02 03 rEm igyka" mnˆ" rEm igyka" ùäfhda mg" rEm igyka" ùäfhda mg" rEm igyka" ùäfhda mg" oskh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' oskh (- ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .=reNj;df.a w;aik úÿy,am;sf.a w;aik