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IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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1
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh hkq
o;a; ilia lr f;dr;=re njg m;a lsÍug;a" tajd yqjudre lr .ekSug;a
;dlaIKh úúOdldrfhka fhdod .ekSu f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh kï
fõ'
o;a; yd f;dr;=re
l%udkql+,j ilik ,o o;a; ñka woyiafõ
^w¾:j;a wdldrfhka ilik ,o o;a;&
lsisÿ wdldrhl ilia lsÍulg Ndckh fkdjQ ixLHd rEm wl=re Ñ;% fyda ñKqï
wdosh o;a; kï fõ
o;a; fjka fjka jYfhka .;a l, w¾:hla §ug fkdyels wxl" jpk iy i,l=Kq
o;a; (Data) f,i ye¢kafõ'
f;dr;=re
o;a; f.dkq lsÍfuka iy ilia lsÍfuka w¾:j;a f;dr;=re (Information) ,nd
.; yels fõ'f;dr;=re" ;SrK .ekSu i|yd wmg WmldÍ fõ'
o;a; ilia lsÍug fhduq lsÍu wdodkh (Input) f,i;a ilia jQ f;dr;=re
,nd .ekSu m%;sodkh (Output) f,i;a ye¢kafõ' fï ish,af,a tl;=j moaO;shla
f,i ye¢kaúh yels h'
moaO;shl m%Odk ld¾hh
o;a; ,nd .ekSu tajd ilia lsÍu iq/lSu wjYH jQ úg wjYH
f;dr;=re ,nd §u'
Exam Tip:-
idudkH cSú;fhaoS oelsh yels my; moaO;s j, wdodk m%;sodk iq/lSï lrk
wjia:d yd ieliqï wjia:d fjk fjku olajkak
nexl= moaO;sfhys fhdod .kakd iajhxl%Sh fg,¾ hka;%h (ATM)
meñKSï jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd wdh;kj, Ndú; flfrk weÕs,s i,l=Kq
hka;%h
mqj;am;aj, iy iÕrdj, Ndú; jk lsõ wd¾ fla;h (QR Code)
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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.=Kd;aul f;dr;=rl oelsh yels ,laIK
wod< nj
wx. iïmQ¾K
ksrjoH;dj
ld,Sk nj
msßjeh wju
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha fhojqï Ndú; jk lafIa;%
l¾udka;
wOHdmksl
fi!LHh
jHdmdrsl
úfkdaodiajdoh
lDIs l¾udka;h
ld¾ñl
B - rdcHh
b-rdcHfha fhojqï (e - Government)
rchla" f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh fhdod .ksñka ;u rfgys
mqrjeishka" iud.ï" rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy fjk;a rgj, rdcHhka
iu. iïnkaO;d meje;aùu b-rdcHh (e - Government) f,i oelaúh yels h'
WodyrK-
www.gov.lk
wOHdmk lafIa;%fha fhojqï
ÿria: wOHdmkh i|yd E-Learning iy E – Education
fjí wdOdrl b.ekaùu (Web Based Teaching)
mß.Kl wdOdrl b.ekaùu (Computer Based Teaching)
mdi,a mßmd,k lghq;= i|yd School Managements Systems
Ndú;h
b.ekaùu i|yd .=rejrhdg wdOdrlhla ùu
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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Exam Tip:-
bf.kqï l<ukdlrK moaO;shla u.ska YsIHhdg yd l<ukdlrK wxYhg ,efnk jdis
.ek igykla ilikak
ÿria: wOHdmkfha my; .;s ,laIK oelsh yel'
ffoksl ld, igyka ke;s w;r myiq ia:dkhl isg wOHdmkh
yeoEÍug we;s yelshdj
mdGud,d ,shdmÈxÑfha § ,nd fok wxls; mqia;ld, iïnkaO;dj
ud¾..; (online) mejreï iy m%Yakdj,s
ud¾..; .=rejrfhl= yd iïnkaO ùfï myiqlï
WmfoaYk fiajd myiqlï ,nd .ekSug we;s yelshdj
fi!LH lafIa;%fha fhojqï
CT Scanner , MRI , ECG, EEG, E-Channeling, Tele Medicine, ÿria:
ffY,Hl¾u"reêr mSvkh uksk hka;%h
ÿria: fi!LH /ljrKh (Telemedicine) ys oelsh yels uQ,sl ,laIK
ÿria: fi!LH Wjgeka (Remote Clinical Care)ksid ffjorjrhd
fj; hdug wjYH fkdùu'
ksjfia isg wëlaIKh
Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu ud¾..;j l< yels ùu
ÿria: Y,Hl¾u
fi!LH fiajfha fhoS isák fiajl msßia yd ld¾huKav, i|yd
ÿria: mqyqKqj ,ndosh yels ùu'
lDIs l¾udka;fha fhojqï
mß.Kl.; Wmdx. f,i my; tajd lDIs l¾udka;fha Ndú; fõ
ld,.=K ñKqï hka;%
iajhxl%Sh l=reñ‚ md,k hka;%h
j.d ìfuys ;;a;ajh
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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uksk hka;%h
iajhxl%Sh c, iemhqu (Drip irrigation)
iajhxl%Sh j,a me< bj;alrK Wmdx.
frdfnda ;dlaIKfhka me< isgqùu
frdfnda ;dlaIKfhka wiajkq fk<Su
yß;d.dr (Greenhouses)j, mß.Kl.; WIaK;aj md,l moaO;s
i;a;aj f.dúfmd< i|yd fhojqï
i;=ka isák ia:dkh yd isák .Kk y÷kd .ekSug Ndú; jk
.=jka úÿ,s ix{d ye÷kqï WmlrKh
lsß yd i;a;aj ksIamdok j, ;;a;aj md,kh mj;ajd .ekSug Ndú;
jk mß.Kl .; moaO;s
fkd/yeka ^wireless& ;dlaIKh u.ska iïnkaO lr we;s CCTV
leurd moaO;s yryd wdrlaId j ,ndoSu
f.dúm, l<ukdlrK lghq;= i|yd mß.Kl Ndú;h
frdfnda hka;% fhdod .ekSfï we;s jdis
24 mefhys u fiajh" fjfyi fkdùu" ld¾hlaIu nj" ksrjoH;dj iy
msßisÿ nj
nexl= " l¾udka; iy jHdmdr i|yd fhojqï
ùäfhda iïuka;%K
udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh^ fï i|yd fiajl meñKSu yd
wkkH;dj msßlaik weÕs,s i,l=Kqiqmsßlailh ^Finger Print
Scanner&iy ldâ m;a lshjkh ^Card Reader& Ndú;h isÿfõ'
frdfnda hka;% Ndú;h
mß.Kl cd,lrKh u.ska nexl= lghq;= myiqùuATM hka;%
Ndú;h
wka;¾cd,h yryd fldgia fj<|fmd< lghq;= j, ksr; ùu
Tele Banking
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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E-Commerce yryd NdKav yd fiajd úlsKSu yd ,nd .ekSu
Mobile Banking
Net Banking
ud¾. .; idmamq ijdß
Kh jrm;a Ndú; lrñka NdKav yd fiajd i|yd f.ùu'
ud¾..; idmamq ijdß j, oelsh yels ,laIK
´kE u rgl" wka;¾cd,fha we;s fjf<| wdh;khla f;dard
.ekSug yels h'
24 mefhys u újD; j ;sîu'
myiq ia:dkhl isg NdKav ksÍlaIKh lr weKjqï lsÍfï
yelshdj'
yr ldâ m;a u.ska uqo,a f.ùfï myiqj'
NdKavh fyda fiajdj ksjig u ,nd .ekSfï myiqj' tneúka .uka
úvdj"ld,h hkdÈh b;sß lr .ekSug yelsùu'
Exam Tip:-
ud¾..; idmamq ijdß wdY%s; .eg¨ fudkjdoehs fidhkak
.ukd.ukh i|yd f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Ndú; jk wjia:d
mshejQ mßm: rEmjdyskSleurd (Closed CircuitTV (CCTV)) yryd
yosis wk;=re fukau wdrlaIdjg wod, f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu'
GPS moaO;s Ndú;h
iajhxl%Sh j l%shd;aul jk moaO;sh úÿ,s ix{d ,dïmq Ndú;h
(Traffic Light Control System)
mß.Kl .; ye÷kqï ixfla; l%u Ndú;h
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha wksis m%;sM,
mrs.Kl l%Svd yd wka;¾cd, Ndú;hg weíneysùu -
iudccd, ;=<ska fkd.e<fmk ñ;=rkaf.a weiqrg
m;aùu'wka;¾cd,h úêu;a f,i Ndú; fkdlSÍfuka mß.Kl
ffjri ksid mß.Kl moaO;s j,g ydks meñKSu'
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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wka;¾cd,fha fkd.e<fmk fjí msgq yd iïnkaO ùu ksid
udkisl úlD;s;d we;s ùfuka ;udg o iudchg o wjevla isÿ ùu'
fm!oa.,sl;ajhg ydks jk f,i msx;+r iy ùäfhda mg úlD;s lr
ksmoùu
mß.Klfha w;S; l;dj
wenlih - Abacus (The First Calculator – m<uq .Kl hka;%h&
1617 - we;ao< ;Sre 'Napier's Bones' fcdaka fkamsh¾ - ,>q.Kl isoaOdka;h
Ndú; úh
1632 § muK § i¾mK rE, (Slide Rule) fcdaka fkamSh¾f.a ,>q.Kl
ixl,am Ndú; úh'
1642 § wdl,k hka;%h - m%:u hdka;%sh .Kl hka;%h (Adding Machine)
Pascaline íf,aia meial,a Blaise Pascal
myiqfjka tl;= lsÍu iy wvq lsÍu isÿ lsÍu
1674 § Step Reckoner f.dâ*%Sâ ú,afy,aï Gottfried Wilhelm íf,aia
meial,af.a fuu wdl,k hka;%h fn§ï iy .=K
lsÍï i|yd ;jÿrg;a jeä ÈhqKq lrk ,È'
1801 § muK hdka;%sl frÈ úhk hka;%h fcdaYma cel=jdâ -Joseph
Jacquard&
1822 Difference Engine pd,aia nefíÊ Charles Babbage&
1833 § wek,sál,a hka;%h ^Analytical Engine& pd,aia nefíÊ
wevd T.iagd f,dõf,aia f,dalfha m%:u mß.Kl l%uf,aLk Ys,amsksh
First computer Programmer
1890 § IBM (International Business Machines) wdh;kh y¾uka
fydf,aß;a ^Herman Hollerith&
1906 oS f*driaÜ úiska bf,lafg%daksl jE,ajh fidhd .ekSu kQ;k
mß.Kl ;dlaIKh i|yd uq,a., ;eîula úh'
1937 iy 1942 Atanasoff Berry Computer - ABC mß.Klh fcdaka
úkaikaÜ wgdkdfidõ (John Vincent Atanasoff) úiska
la,s*¾â fnÍ (Clifford Berry)
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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1945 § fcdaka fjdka kshQudka (Jhon Von Neumann ^Stored-program&
wdY%fhka tla mß.Klhla u.ska úúOdldrfha jQ
jev lghq;= lr .ekSug yels ùu hk kj ixl,amh y÷kajd fok ,È'
1946 § ENIAC f,dj m%:u úoHq;a ixLHdxl mß.Klh ^Electronic Digital
Computer&
1950 § UNIVAC - I (Universal Automatic Calculator - I) m%:u fj<|
mrs.Klh
1956 g%dkaisiagrh -Transistor- ú,shï fIdlaf,a William Shockley&" fcdaka
ndãka ^John Bardeen& iy fjda,ag¾ n%dfÜ%ka
^Walter Brarttain )
mrs.Kl j¾.SlrKh -Computer Classification
mrïmrdj wkqj (Generation)
m<uq mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (First Generation Computers)- ßla;l k<
(Vacuum tubes)
fojk mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (Second Generation Computers-g%dkaisiag¾
(Transistors)
;=kajk mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (Third Generation Computers)-
ifudaOdks;$wkql,s; mßm: Integerated Circuits
y;rjk mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (Fourth Generation Computers)- laIqø
mßm: ^uhsfl%dfm%dfii¾ - Microprocessors )
miajk mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (Fifth Generation Computers) -lD;%su
nqoaêh (Artificial Intelligence)
m%udKh wkqj (Size)
iqmsrs mß.Klh (super computers)
uyd mß.Klh (Mainframe Computers)
uOH mß.Klh (Mini Computers)
laIqø mß.Klh (Micro Computers)
ld¾h wkqj (Purpose)
idudkH lghq;= i|yd Ndú; lrk mß.Kl -General Purpose
Computers
úfYaI ld¾h i|yd Ndú; lrk mß.Kl -special Purpose Computers
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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ks¾udK ;dlaIKh wkqj (Design Technology)
ixLHdxl$wxlsl mß.Kl (Digital Computers)
m%;siu mß.Kl (Analog Computers)
ñY% fyda fouqyqï mß.Kl (Hybrid Computers)
mß.Kl moaO;sh - Computer System
o;a; iïfm%aIKh ioyd uq,sl wjYH;d
o;a; m%Njh (Source/Sender)
o;a; iïfm%aYK udOHh (Data Communication Media )
o;a; .%dylh (Receiver/Sink)
o;a; iïfm%AIK úê Data transmission modes
tAlm: ^Simplex&
w¾O oaùm: ^Half-Duplex&
mQ¾K oaùm: ^Duplex&
o;a; iïfma%IK udOH fldgia follg fnfoa
1- kshuq udOH$fN!;sl udOH (Guided Media) ^flan,a j¾. ñka woyia
fõ'
2- kshuq fkdjk udOH (Unguided Media) ^úlsrK udOH& wm weig
fkdfmfkk udOH ñka woyia fõ'
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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kshuq udOH
idudkH wdldr jhr (Twisted Wire Pair)
idudkH ÿrl:k /yeka flan,a óg WodyrKhkah
idulaI fhd;a (Co-axil Cable)
;U lïìhla jgd f.d;k ,o ;U oe,lska iukaú; jhr ^rEmjdyskS
wekagkd i|yd Ndú;d jk flan,a& ñka woyia fõ'
m%ldY ;ka;= (Fiber Optics)
fõ.j;au o;a; iïfma%IK flan,a j¾.hs'
o;a; ydksh b;d wjuh'
kshuq fkdjk udOH
1- .=jka úÿ,s ;rx.
2- wfOdarla; lsrK (Infrared) /yeka rys; h;=re mqjre uQisl iïnkaO
lsÍug rEmjdyskS ÿria: md,l j, o;a; iïfma%IKh i|yd;a Ndú;d fõ'
3- CIqø ;rx. - jeä ÿrl o;a; iïfma%IKhg fhdod .; yelsh'
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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mß.Kl cd,
cd, ia:, úoHdj ^Network Topology&
Bus topology
Star topology
Ring topology
Mesh topology
Tree topology
m%Odk mß.Kl cd, wdldr
Main types of computer
network
1' ia:dkSh m%foaY cd, ^Local
Area Networks - LAN&
2' mq¿,a m%foaY cd, ^Wide
Area Networks -WAN&
3' mqrjr m%foaY cd,
^Metropolitan Area Networks
- MAN&
cd,.; Wmdx.
fudvuh Modem
yí ^kdNsh&
cd,lrK iaúph ^Network Switch)
cd,lrK w;=re uqyqK;a ldâm; Network Interface Card - NIC
fiajd fhdacl mß.Klh ^Server Compurter)
fiajd,dNS mß.Klh ^Client Computer)
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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HUB MODEM SWITCH
Network Interface Card
wka;¾cd,h yd iïnkaO ùug wjYH oE
1' mß.Klhla ^A computer&
2' ikaksfõok uDÿldx.hla ^A communication software&
3' ÿrl:k iïnkaO;djla ^A telephone connection&
4' fudvï hka;%hla ^A MODEM or dongle)
5' wka;¾cd, fiajd imhk wdh;khla ^An Internet Service Provider
[ISP])
Internet Service Provider
fufyhqï moaO;shl ld¾h Ndrh
1 u;l l<ukdlrKh Memory Management
2 l%shdj,s l<ukdlrKh Process Management
3 Wmdx. l<ukdlrKh Device Management
4 f.dkq l<ukdlrKh File Management
5 wdrlaIK l<ukdlrKh Security Management
mß.Klh n, .ekaùu - Booting the Computer
(Hard disk tfla isg mß.Klfha m%Odk u;lhg tys fufyhqï
moaO;shu (os) fyda fldgila msfrñka ieliSfï
l%shdj,hs " mß.Klh boot ùu f,i kï lrhs&
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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mßYS,l w;=re uqyqK;a - User Interface
úOdk f¾Ld w;=re uqyqK;a -(CLI Command Line Interface)
MS DOS, Unix Linux
rEml mßYS,l w;=re uqyqK;a -(GUI Graphical User Interface)
Windows 98 , 2000, ME, XP, 7, 8 Ubuntu , Kubuntu , Gnome, KDE3,
Knoppix KDE4, XFCE4,
Enlightenment Fedora
újD; uQ,dY% fufyhqï moaO;s (open source)
kS;Hdkql+, whs;shlg ysñlï fkdlshk uDÿldx. fuu .Khg whs;s fõ'
fuu uDÿldx. Ndú; lsÍug" fnod yeÍug fyda
fjkia lsÍug fyda wjia:dj uq¿ukskau fyda hï m%udKhlg fyda kS;suh
jYfhka wjir § we;' fuu uDÿldx.
ksoyia uDÿldx. f,i o y÷kajhs
Ubuntu, Linux, Unix, Minix , Red-hat
ysñlï wdY%s; fufyhqï moaO;s
hï md¾Yajhlg ks;Hdkql+,j whs;shla we;s fufyhqï moaO;s fuu
.Khg whs;s fõ' fuu uDÿldx. yd kS;suh mokula
ne£ mj;S'
Mac OS, Windows XP, ME, Vista, 7, 8
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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ixLHd moaO;s
Number Systems
ixLHd moaO;sh
(Number System)
mdohl w.h
(Base Value)
Ndú;d lrk b,lalï yd wldrdoS
wkq ,laIK
(Numbers and Alphabetic Characters
Used)
oaùuh 2 0,1
wIaguh 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
oYuh 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Iâ oYuh 16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
ixLHd moaO;s mrsj¾:kh
oYuh ixLHdjla fjk;a mdohkla njg mrsj¾:kfhaoS
 mrsj¾:kh l, hq;= mdofhka ,íêh Y=Kh jk ;=re fnokak
 fnoSfuos b;srs .Kk fYaIhla f,I ol=Kq mi ,shd olajkak
 fYaIhka w. isg uq,g ,shkak
 ms<s;=r wjidkfha mrsj¾:kh l, mdofha w.h ,shd olajkak
oYuh ixLHdjla oajuh ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh
2
21
2 10 - 1
2 5 - 0 101012
2 2 - 1
2 1 - 0 fYaIh
0 - 1 w. isg uq,g ,shkak
,íêh
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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oYuh ixLHdjla wIaguh ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh
8
21
2 2 - 5 fYaIh
0 - 2 w. isg uq,g ,shkak
,íêh
258
oYuh ixLHdjla Iâ oYuh ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh
16 21
16 1 - 5 fYaIh
0 - 1 w. isg uq,g ,shkak
,íêh
1516
16 60
16 3 - 12- C fYaIh
0 - 3 w. isg uq,g ,shkak
,íêh
3C16
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
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oajuh"wIaguh"Iâ oYuh ixLHd oYuh ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh
fuysoS mrsj¾:kh l< hq;= ixLHdj mj;sk mdofha n,hkaf.a
.=Kdldrhla f,i ,shd tjdf.a tl;=j ,nd.; hq;=h
 110112
1 1 0 1 1
24
23
22
21
20
(16x1) + (8x1) + (4x0) + (2x1) + (1x1)
16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1
27
110112 = 27
 1468
1 4 6
82
81
80
(64x1) + (8x4) + (1x6)
64 + 32 + 6
102
1468 = 102
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 4F16
4 F
161
160
(16x4) + (1xF)
64 + (1x 15)
64 + 15
79
4F16 = 79
oajuh ixLHd wIaguh ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh
wIaguh ixLHd oaùuh ixLHd njg mrsj¾:kfhaos
 uq,skau oaùuh ixLHdj jï mi fl,jf¾ isg ìgq 3 ne.ska(8 = 23)
fjka
lr.; hq;=h
 wjidkfha ìgq 3 iïmQ¾K fkdfõkï wvq w.hka fjkqjg “0” fhdod
iïmQ¾K lrkak
 Bg wod, wIaguh ixLHdj ,shkak
wIaguh oaùuh ixLHd
0 000
1 001
2 010
3 011
4 100
5 101
6 110
7 111
11011112
1 101 111
001 101 111
1 5 7
1578
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oajuh ixLHd IâoYu ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh
wIaguh ixLHd oaùuh ixLHd njg mrsj¾:kfhaos
 uq,skau oaùuh ixLHdj jï mi fl,jf¾ isg ìgq 4 ne.ska(16 = 24)
fjka
lr.; hq;=h
 wjidkfha ìgq 4 iïmQ¾K fkdfõkï wvq w.hka fjkqjg “0” fhdod
iïmQ¾K lrkak
 Bg wod, IâoYu ixLHdj ,shkak
IâoYu ixLHd oaùuh ixLHd
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
3 0011
4 0100
5 0101
6 0110
7 0111
8 1000
9 1001
A 1010
B 1011
C 1100
D 1101
E 1110
F 1111
11011011112
11 0110 1111
1111 0110 1111
C 5 7
1578
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
|077 0 280 290
18
;d¾lsl oajdr
LOGIC GATE
ද්වීමය සංඛ්‍යා ුසාසාෙනය ය ය ය ය ය ්ක ත ්ත්ත්ග න න ංවංවීම්ත් ඒ ුසාග
තීෙණගල් එළඹීම්ත් හවකි, පරිපථ නික මාණය සඳහා ්ාක කිත ද්ගාෙ භාවි්ා
තෙසා ලවනේ.
ta wkqj m%Odk ;d¾lsl oajdr 3ls
AND ;d¾lsl oajdrh (AND GATE)
OR ;d¾lsl oajdrh (OR GATE)
NOT ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NOT GATE)
by; m%Odk ;d¾lsl oajdr 03 ys odhl;ajfhka ;j;a oajr folla
ks¾udKh fõ'
NAND ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NAND GATE)
NOR ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NOR GATE)
AND ;d¾lsl oajdrh (AND GATE)
A B A.B
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 0
1 1 1
A
B
A.B
A B
ixfla; igyk
mrsm: igyk
i;Hh;d j.=j
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
|077 0 280 290
19
AND ;d¾lsl oajdrhg ,ndfok wdodkhka .=K lsrSulg ,lafldg m%;sodkh
lrkq ,nhs
wdodkhka folu tl jQ úg muKla m%;sodkh 1 fjhs
OR ;d¾lsl oajdrh (OR GATE)
OR ;d¾lsl oajdrhg ,ndfok wdodkhka tl;= lsrSulg ,lafldg m%;sodkh lrkq
,nhs
wdodkhka foflka tlla fyda tl jQ úg muKla m%;sodkh 1 fjhs
NOT ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NOT GATE)
A B A+B
1 0 1
0 1 1
0 0 0
1 1 1
A A
1 0
0 1
A
B
A+B
A
B
ixfla; igyk
mrsm: igyk i;Hh;d j.=j
A A
A
ixfla; igyk
i;Hh;d j.=j
mrsm: igyk
i;Hh;d j.=j
NOT ;d¾lsl oajdrhg
,ndfok wdodkhka tys
wkqmQrl njg ,lafldg
m%;sodkh lrkq ,nhs
IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage
|077 0 280 290
20
NAND ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NAND GATE)
NAND ;d¾lsl oajdrhg ,ndfok wdodkhka uq,ska .=K lsrSulg ,;afldg miqj
,efnk ms,s;=frys wkqmQrlh m%;sodkh lrkq ,nhs
NOR ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NOR GATE)
NOR ;d¾lsl oajdrhg ,ndfok wdodkhka uq,ska tl;= lsrSulg ,;afldg miqj
,efnk ms,s;=frys wkqmQrlh m%;sodkh lrkq ,nhs
A B A.B A.B
1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
0 0 0 1
1 1 1 0
A B A+B A+B
1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1
1 1 1 0
A A.B
ixfla; igyk
i;Hh;d j.=j
B
A A+B
ixfla; igyk
i;Hh;d j.=j
B

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Short Note - IT Srilanka edu

  • 1. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 1 f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh hkq o;a; ilia lr f;dr;=re njg m;a lsÍug;a" tajd yqjudre lr .ekSug;a ;dlaIKh úúOdldrfhka fhdod .ekSu f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh kï fõ' o;a; yd f;dr;=re l%udkql+,j ilik ,o o;a; ñka woyiafõ ^w¾:j;a wdldrfhka ilik ,o o;a;& lsisÿ wdldrhl ilia lsÍulg Ndckh fkdjQ ixLHd rEm wl=re Ñ;% fyda ñKqï wdosh o;a; kï fõ o;a; fjka fjka jYfhka .;a l, w¾:hla §ug fkdyels wxl" jpk iy i,l=Kq o;a; (Data) f,i ye¢kafõ' f;dr;=re o;a; f.dkq lsÍfuka iy ilia lsÍfuka w¾:j;a f;dr;=re (Information) ,nd .; yels fõ'f;dr;=re" ;SrK .ekSu i|yd wmg WmldÍ fõ' o;a; ilia lsÍug fhduq lsÍu wdodkh (Input) f,i;a ilia jQ f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu m%;sodkh (Output) f,i;a ye¢kafõ' fï ish,af,a tl;=j moaO;shla f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' moaO;shl m%Odk ld¾hh o;a; ,nd .ekSu tajd ilia lsÍu iq/lSu wjYH jQ úg wjYH f;dr;=re ,nd §u' Exam Tip:- idudkH cSú;fhaoS oelsh yels my; moaO;s j, wdodk m%;sodk iq/lSï lrk wjia:d yd ieliqï wjia:d fjk fjku olajkak nexl= moaO;sfhys fhdod .kakd iajhxl%Sh fg,¾ hka;%h (ATM) meñKSï jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd wdh;kj, Ndú; flfrk weÕs,s i,l=Kq hka;%h mqj;am;aj, iy iÕrdj, Ndú; jk lsõ wd¾ fla;h (QR Code)
  • 2. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 2 .=Kd;aul f;dr;=rl oelsh yels ,laIK wod< nj wx. iïmQ¾K ksrjoH;dj ld,Sk nj msßjeh wju f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha fhojqï Ndú; jk lafIa;% l¾udka; wOHdmksl fi!LHh jHdmdrsl úfkdaodiajdoh lDIs l¾udka;h ld¾ñl B - rdcHh b-rdcHfha fhojqï (e - Government) rchla" f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh fhdod .ksñka ;u rfgys mqrjeishka" iud.ï" rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy fjk;a rgj, rdcHhka iu. iïnkaO;d meje;aùu b-rdcHh (e - Government) f,i oelaúh yels h' WodyrK- www.gov.lk wOHdmk lafIa;%fha fhojqï ÿria: wOHdmkh i|yd E-Learning iy E – Education fjí wdOdrl b.ekaùu (Web Based Teaching) mß.Kl wdOdrl b.ekaùu (Computer Based Teaching) mdi,a mßmd,k lghq;= i|yd School Managements Systems Ndú;h b.ekaùu i|yd .=rejrhdg wdOdrlhla ùu
  • 3. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 3 Exam Tip:- bf.kqï l<ukdlrK moaO;shla u.ska YsIHhdg yd l<ukdlrK wxYhg ,efnk jdis .ek igykla ilikak ÿria: wOHdmkfha my; .;s ,laIK oelsh yel' ffoksl ld, igyka ke;s w;r myiq ia:dkhl isg wOHdmkh yeoEÍug we;s yelshdj mdGud,d ,shdmÈxÑfha § ,nd fok wxls; mqia;ld, iïnkaO;dj ud¾..; (online) mejreï iy m%Yakdj,s ud¾..; .=rejrfhl= yd iïnkaO ùfï myiqlï WmfoaYk fiajd myiqlï ,nd .ekSug we;s yelshdj fi!LH lafIa;%fha fhojqï CT Scanner , MRI , ECG, EEG, E-Channeling, Tele Medicine, ÿria: ffY,Hl¾u"reêr mSvkh uksk hka;%h ÿria: fi!LH /ljrKh (Telemedicine) ys oelsh yels uQ,sl ,laIK ÿria: fi!LH Wjgeka (Remote Clinical Care)ksid ffjorjrhd fj; hdug wjYH fkdùu' ksjfia isg wëlaIKh Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu ud¾..;j l< yels ùu ÿria: Y,Hl¾u fi!LH fiajfha fhoS isák fiajl msßia yd ld¾huKav, i|yd ÿria: mqyqKqj ,ndosh yels ùu' lDIs l¾udka;fha fhojqï mß.Kl.; Wmdx. f,i my; tajd lDIs l¾udka;fha Ndú; fõ ld,.=K ñKqï hka;% iajhxl%Sh l=reñ‚ md,k hka;%h j.d ìfuys ;;a;ajh
  • 4. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 4 uksk hka;%h iajhxl%Sh c, iemhqu (Drip irrigation) iajhxl%Sh j,a me< bj;alrK Wmdx. frdfnda ;dlaIKfhka me< isgqùu frdfnda ;dlaIKfhka wiajkq fk<Su yß;d.dr (Greenhouses)j, mß.Kl.; WIaK;aj md,l moaO;s i;a;aj f.dúfmd< i|yd fhojqï i;=ka isák ia:dkh yd isák .Kk y÷kd .ekSug Ndú; jk .=jka úÿ,s ix{d ye÷kqï WmlrKh lsß yd i;a;aj ksIamdok j, ;;a;aj md,kh mj;ajd .ekSug Ndú; jk mß.Kl .; moaO;s fkd/yeka ^wireless& ;dlaIKh u.ska iïnkaO lr we;s CCTV leurd moaO;s yryd wdrlaId j ,ndoSu f.dúm, l<ukdlrK lghq;= i|yd mß.Kl Ndú;h frdfnda hka;% fhdod .ekSfï we;s jdis 24 mefhys u fiajh" fjfyi fkdùu" ld¾hlaIu nj" ksrjoH;dj iy msßisÿ nj nexl= " l¾udka; iy jHdmdr i|yd fhojqï ùäfhda iïuka;%K udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh^ fï i|yd fiajl meñKSu yd wkkH;dj msßlaik weÕs,s i,l=Kqiqmsßlailh ^Finger Print Scanner&iy ldâ m;a lshjkh ^Card Reader& Ndú;h isÿfõ' frdfnda hka;% Ndú;h mß.Kl cd,lrKh u.ska nexl= lghq;= myiqùuATM hka;% Ndú;h wka;¾cd,h yryd fldgia fj<|fmd< lghq;= j, ksr; ùu Tele Banking
  • 5. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 5 E-Commerce yryd NdKav yd fiajd úlsKSu yd ,nd .ekSu Mobile Banking Net Banking ud¾. .; idmamq ijdß Kh jrm;a Ndú; lrñka NdKav yd fiajd i|yd f.ùu' ud¾..; idmamq ijdß j, oelsh yels ,laIK ´kE u rgl" wka;¾cd,fha we;s fjf<| wdh;khla f;dard .ekSug yels h' 24 mefhys u újD; j ;sîu' myiq ia:dkhl isg NdKav ksÍlaIKh lr weKjqï lsÍfï yelshdj' yr ldâ m;a u.ska uqo,a f.ùfï myiqj' NdKavh fyda fiajdj ksjig u ,nd .ekSfï myiqj' tneúka .uka úvdj"ld,h hkdÈh b;sß lr .ekSug yelsùu' Exam Tip:- ud¾..; idmamq ijdß wdY%s; .eg¨ fudkjdoehs fidhkak .ukd.ukh i|yd f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Ndú; jk wjia:d mshejQ mßm: rEmjdyskSleurd (Closed CircuitTV (CCTV)) yryd yosis wk;=re fukau wdrlaIdjg wod, f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu' GPS moaO;s Ndú;h iajhxl%Sh j l%shd;aul jk moaO;sh úÿ,s ix{d ,dïmq Ndú;h (Traffic Light Control System) mß.Kl .; ye÷kqï ixfla; l%u Ndú;h f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha wksis m%;sM, mrs.Kl l%Svd yd wka;¾cd, Ndú;hg weíneysùu - iudccd, ;=<ska fkd.e<fmk ñ;=rkaf.a weiqrg m;aùu'wka;¾cd,h úêu;a f,i Ndú; fkdlSÍfuka mß.Kl ffjri ksid mß.Kl moaO;s j,g ydks meñKSu'
  • 6. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 6 wka;¾cd,fha fkd.e<fmk fjí msgq yd iïnkaO ùu ksid udkisl úlD;s;d we;s ùfuka ;udg o iudchg o wjevla isÿ ùu' fm!oa.,sl;ajhg ydks jk f,i msx;+r iy ùäfhda mg úlD;s lr ksmoùu mß.Klfha w;S; l;dj wenlih - Abacus (The First Calculator – m<uq .Kl hka;%h& 1617 - we;ao< ;Sre 'Napier's Bones' fcdaka fkamsh¾ - ,>q.Kl isoaOdka;h Ndú; úh 1632 § muK § i¾mK rE, (Slide Rule) fcdaka fkamSh¾f.a ,>q.Kl ixl,am Ndú; úh' 1642 § wdl,k hka;%h - m%:u hdka;%sh .Kl hka;%h (Adding Machine) Pascaline íf,aia meial,a Blaise Pascal myiqfjka tl;= lsÍu iy wvq lsÍu isÿ lsÍu 1674 § Step Reckoner f.dâ*%Sâ ú,afy,aï Gottfried Wilhelm íf,aia meial,af.a fuu wdl,k hka;%h fn§ï iy .=K lsÍï i|yd ;jÿrg;a jeä ÈhqKq lrk ,È' 1801 § muK hdka;%sl frÈ úhk hka;%h fcdaYma cel=jdâ -Joseph Jacquard& 1822 Difference Engine pd,aia nefíÊ Charles Babbage& 1833 § wek,sál,a hka;%h ^Analytical Engine& pd,aia nefíÊ wevd T.iagd f,dõf,aia f,dalfha m%:u mß.Kl l%uf,aLk Ys,amsksh First computer Programmer 1890 § IBM (International Business Machines) wdh;kh y¾uka fydf,aß;a ^Herman Hollerith& 1906 oS f*driaÜ úiska bf,lafg%daksl jE,ajh fidhd .ekSu kQ;k mß.Kl ;dlaIKh i|yd uq,a., ;eîula úh' 1937 iy 1942 Atanasoff Berry Computer - ABC mß.Klh fcdaka úkaikaÜ wgdkdfidõ (John Vincent Atanasoff) úiska la,s*¾â fnÍ (Clifford Berry)
  • 7. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 7 1945 § fcdaka fjdka kshQudka (Jhon Von Neumann ^Stored-program& wdY%fhka tla mß.Klhla u.ska úúOdldrfha jQ jev lghq;= lr .ekSug yels ùu hk kj ixl,amh y÷kajd fok ,È' 1946 § ENIAC f,dj m%:u úoHq;a ixLHdxl mß.Klh ^Electronic Digital Computer& 1950 § UNIVAC - I (Universal Automatic Calculator - I) m%:u fj<| mrs.Klh 1956 g%dkaisiagrh -Transistor- ú,shï fIdlaf,a William Shockley&" fcdaka ndãka ^John Bardeen& iy fjda,ag¾ n%dfÜ%ka ^Walter Brarttain ) mrs.Kl j¾.SlrKh -Computer Classification mrïmrdj wkqj (Generation) m<uq mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (First Generation Computers)- ßla;l k< (Vacuum tubes) fojk mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (Second Generation Computers-g%dkaisiag¾ (Transistors) ;=kajk mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (Third Generation Computers)- ifudaOdks;$wkql,s; mßm: Integerated Circuits y;rjk mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (Fourth Generation Computers)- laIqø mßm: ^uhsfl%dfm%dfii¾ - Microprocessors ) miajk mrïmrdfõ mß.Kl (Fifth Generation Computers) -lD;%su nqoaêh (Artificial Intelligence) m%udKh wkqj (Size) iqmsrs mß.Klh (super computers) uyd mß.Klh (Mainframe Computers) uOH mß.Klh (Mini Computers) laIqø mß.Klh (Micro Computers) ld¾h wkqj (Purpose) idudkH lghq;= i|yd Ndú; lrk mß.Kl -General Purpose Computers úfYaI ld¾h i|yd Ndú; lrk mß.Kl -special Purpose Computers
  • 8. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 8 ks¾udK ;dlaIKh wkqj (Design Technology) ixLHdxl$wxlsl mß.Kl (Digital Computers) m%;siu mß.Kl (Analog Computers) ñY% fyda fouqyqï mß.Kl (Hybrid Computers) mß.Kl moaO;sh - Computer System o;a; iïfm%aIKh ioyd uq,sl wjYH;d o;a; m%Njh (Source/Sender) o;a; iïfm%aYK udOHh (Data Communication Media ) o;a; .%dylh (Receiver/Sink) o;a; iïfm%AIK úê Data transmission modes tAlm: ^Simplex& w¾O oaùm: ^Half-Duplex& mQ¾K oaùm: ^Duplex& o;a; iïfma%IK udOH fldgia follg fnfoa 1- kshuq udOH$fN!;sl udOH (Guided Media) ^flan,a j¾. ñka woyia fõ' 2- kshuq fkdjk udOH (Unguided Media) ^úlsrK udOH& wm weig fkdfmfkk udOH ñka woyia fõ'
  • 9. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 9 kshuq udOH idudkH wdldr jhr (Twisted Wire Pair) idudkH ÿrl:k /yeka flan,a óg WodyrKhkah idulaI fhd;a (Co-axil Cable) ;U lïìhla jgd f.d;k ,o ;U oe,lska iukaú; jhr ^rEmjdyskS wekagkd i|yd Ndú;d jk flan,a& ñka woyia fõ' m%ldY ;ka;= (Fiber Optics) fõ.j;au o;a; iïfma%IK flan,a j¾.hs' o;a; ydksh b;d wjuh' kshuq fkdjk udOH 1- .=jka úÿ,s ;rx. 2- wfOdarla; lsrK (Infrared) /yeka rys; h;=re mqjre uQisl iïnkaO lsÍug rEmjdyskS ÿria: md,l j, o;a; iïfma%IKh i|yd;a Ndú;d fõ' 3- CIqø ;rx. - jeä ÿrl o;a; iïfma%IKhg fhdod .; yelsh'
  • 10. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 10 mß.Kl cd, cd, ia:, úoHdj ^Network Topology& Bus topology Star topology Ring topology Mesh topology Tree topology m%Odk mß.Kl cd, wdldr Main types of computer network 1' ia:dkSh m%foaY cd, ^Local Area Networks - LAN& 2' mq¿,a m%foaY cd, ^Wide Area Networks -WAN& 3' mqrjr m%foaY cd, ^Metropolitan Area Networks - MAN& cd,.; Wmdx. fudvuh Modem yí ^kdNsh& cd,lrK iaúph ^Network Switch) cd,lrK w;=re uqyqK;a ldâm; Network Interface Card - NIC fiajd fhdacl mß.Klh ^Server Compurter) fiajd,dNS mß.Klh ^Client Computer)
  • 11. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 11 HUB MODEM SWITCH Network Interface Card wka;¾cd,h yd iïnkaO ùug wjYH oE 1' mß.Klhla ^A computer& 2' ikaksfõok uDÿldx.hla ^A communication software& 3' ÿrl:k iïnkaO;djla ^A telephone connection& 4' fudvï hka;%hla ^A MODEM or dongle) 5' wka;¾cd, fiajd imhk wdh;khla ^An Internet Service Provider [ISP]) Internet Service Provider fufyhqï moaO;shl ld¾h Ndrh 1 u;l l<ukdlrKh Memory Management 2 l%shdj,s l<ukdlrKh Process Management 3 Wmdx. l<ukdlrKh Device Management 4 f.dkq l<ukdlrKh File Management 5 wdrlaIK l<ukdlrKh Security Management mß.Klh n, .ekaùu - Booting the Computer (Hard disk tfla isg mß.Klfha m%Odk u;lhg tys fufyhqï moaO;shu (os) fyda fldgila msfrñka ieliSfï l%shdj,hs " mß.Klh boot ùu f,i kï lrhs&
  • 12. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 12 mßYS,l w;=re uqyqK;a - User Interface úOdk f¾Ld w;=re uqyqK;a -(CLI Command Line Interface) MS DOS, Unix Linux rEml mßYS,l w;=re uqyqK;a -(GUI Graphical User Interface) Windows 98 , 2000, ME, XP, 7, 8 Ubuntu , Kubuntu , Gnome, KDE3, Knoppix KDE4, XFCE4, Enlightenment Fedora újD; uQ,dY% fufyhqï moaO;s (open source) kS;Hdkql+, whs;shlg ysñlï fkdlshk uDÿldx. fuu .Khg whs;s fõ' fuu uDÿldx. Ndú; lsÍug" fnod yeÍug fyda fjkia lsÍug fyda wjia:dj uq¿ukskau fyda hï m%udKhlg fyda kS;suh jYfhka wjir § we;' fuu uDÿldx. ksoyia uDÿldx. f,i o y÷kajhs Ubuntu, Linux, Unix, Minix , Red-hat ysñlï wdY%s; fufyhqï moaO;s hï md¾Yajhlg ks;Hdkql+,j whs;shla we;s fufyhqï moaO;s fuu .Khg whs;s fõ' fuu uDÿldx. yd kS;suh mokula ne£ mj;S' Mac OS, Windows XP, ME, Vista, 7, 8
  • 13. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 13 ixLHd moaO;s Number Systems ixLHd moaO;sh (Number System) mdohl w.h (Base Value) Ndú;d lrk b,lalï yd wldrdoS wkq ,laIK (Numbers and Alphabetic Characters Used) oaùuh 2 0,1 wIaguh 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 oYuh 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Iâ oYuh 16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F ixLHd moaO;s mrsj¾:kh oYuh ixLHdjla fjk;a mdohkla njg mrsj¾:kfhaoS  mrsj¾:kh l, hq;= mdofhka ,íêh Y=Kh jk ;=re fnokak  fnoSfuos b;srs .Kk fYaIhla f,I ol=Kq mi ,shd olajkak  fYaIhka w. isg uq,g ,shkak  ms<s;=r wjidkfha mrsj¾:kh l, mdofha w.h ,shd olajkak oYuh ixLHdjla oajuh ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh 2 21 2 10 - 1 2 5 - 0 101012 2 2 - 1 2 1 - 0 fYaIh 0 - 1 w. isg uq,g ,shkak ,íêh
  • 14. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 14 oYuh ixLHdjla wIaguh ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh 8 21 2 2 - 5 fYaIh 0 - 2 w. isg uq,g ,shkak ,íêh 258 oYuh ixLHdjla Iâ oYuh ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh 16 21 16 1 - 5 fYaIh 0 - 1 w. isg uq,g ,shkak ,íêh 1516 16 60 16 3 - 12- C fYaIh 0 - 3 w. isg uq,g ,shkak ,íêh 3C16
  • 15. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 15 oajuh"wIaguh"Iâ oYuh ixLHd oYuh ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh fuysoS mrsj¾:kh l< hq;= ixLHdj mj;sk mdofha n,hkaf.a .=Kdldrhla f,i ,shd tjdf.a tl;=j ,nd.; hq;=h  110112 1 1 0 1 1 24 23 22 21 20 (16x1) + (8x1) + (4x0) + (2x1) + (1x1) 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 27 110112 = 27  1468 1 4 6 82 81 80 (64x1) + (8x4) + (1x6) 64 + 32 + 6 102 1468 = 102
  • 16. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 16  4F16 4 F 161 160 (16x4) + (1xF) 64 + (1x 15) 64 + 15 79 4F16 = 79 oajuh ixLHd wIaguh ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh wIaguh ixLHd oaùuh ixLHd njg mrsj¾:kfhaos  uq,skau oaùuh ixLHdj jï mi fl,jf¾ isg ìgq 3 ne.ska(8 = 23) fjka lr.; hq;=h  wjidkfha ìgq 3 iïmQ¾K fkdfõkï wvq w.hka fjkqjg “0” fhdod iïmQ¾K lrkak  Bg wod, wIaguh ixLHdj ,shkak wIaguh oaùuh ixLHd 0 000 1 001 2 010 3 011 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 11011112 1 101 111 001 101 111 1 5 7 1578
  • 17. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 17 oajuh ixLHd IâoYu ixLHdjla njg mrsj¾:kh wIaguh ixLHd oaùuh ixLHd njg mrsj¾:kfhaos  uq,skau oaùuh ixLHdj jï mi fl,jf¾ isg ìgq 4 ne.ska(16 = 24) fjka lr.; hq;=h  wjidkfha ìgq 4 iïmQ¾K fkdfõkï wvq w.hka fjkqjg “0” fhdod iïmQ¾K lrkak  Bg wod, IâoYu ixLHdj ,shkak IâoYu ixLHd oaùuh ixLHd 0 0000 1 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6 0110 7 0111 8 1000 9 1001 A 1010 B 1011 C 1100 D 1101 E 1110 F 1111 11011011112 11 0110 1111 1111 0110 1111 C 5 7 1578
  • 18. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 18 ;d¾lsl oajdr LOGIC GATE ද්වීමය සංඛ්‍යා ුසාසාෙනය ය ය ය ය ය ්ක ත ්ත්ත්ග න න ංවංවීම්ත් ඒ ුසාග තීෙණගල් එළඹීම්ත් හවකි, පරිපථ නික මාණය සඳහා ්ාක කිත ද්ගාෙ භාවි්ා තෙසා ලවනේ. ta wkqj m%Odk ;d¾lsl oajdr 3ls AND ;d¾lsl oajdrh (AND GATE) OR ;d¾lsl oajdrh (OR GATE) NOT ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NOT GATE) by; m%Odk ;d¾lsl oajdr 03 ys odhl;ajfhka ;j;a oajr folla ks¾udKh fõ' NAND ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NAND GATE) NOR ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NOR GATE) AND ;d¾lsl oajdrh (AND GATE) A B A.B 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 A B A.B A B ixfla; igyk mrsm: igyk i;Hh;d j.=j
  • 19. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 19 AND ;d¾lsl oajdrhg ,ndfok wdodkhka .=K lsrSulg ,lafldg m%;sodkh lrkq ,nhs wdodkhka folu tl jQ úg muKla m%;sodkh 1 fjhs OR ;d¾lsl oajdrh (OR GATE) OR ;d¾lsl oajdrhg ,ndfok wdodkhka tl;= lsrSulg ,lafldg m%;sodkh lrkq ,nhs wdodkhka foflka tlla fyda tl jQ úg muKla m%;sodkh 1 fjhs NOT ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NOT GATE) A B A+B 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 A A 1 0 0 1 A B A+B A B ixfla; igyk mrsm: igyk i;Hh;d j.=j A A A ixfla; igyk i;Hh;d j.=j mrsm: igyk i;Hh;d j.=j NOT ;d¾lsl oajdrhg ,ndfok wdodkhka tys wkqmQrl njg ,lafldg m%;sodkh lrkq ,nhs
  • 20. IT SRILANKA EDUCATION CENTER - Achala Gamage |077 0 280 290 20 NAND ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NAND GATE) NAND ;d¾lsl oajdrhg ,ndfok wdodkhka uq,ska .=K lsrSulg ,;afldg miqj ,efnk ms,s;=frys wkqmQrlh m%;sodkh lrkq ,nhs NOR ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NOR GATE) NOR ;d¾lsl oajdrhg ,ndfok wdodkhka uq,ska tl;= lsrSulg ,;afldg miqj ,efnk ms,s;=frys wkqmQrlh m%;sodkh lrkq ,nhs A B A.B A.B 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 A B A+B A+B 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 A A.B ixfla; igyk i;Hh;d j.=j B A A+B ixfla; igyk i;Hh;d j.=j B