1. COURSE TITLE :- FIELD CROPS - II ( KHARIEF ) COURSE NO. :- AGR 302 CREDIT LOAD :- 2+1 PRESENTED BY :- ( NITHYA) 2. TOPIC :- MUSTARD & RAPESEED Botanical Name : Brassica spp. Family : Brassicaceae ( Cruciferae ) 3. INTRODUCTION Rapeseed & mustard are the 3rd most important edible oilseed crops of the world after soybean and oil palm.  Mustard is Brassica juncea, whereas Rapeseed is Brassica campestris.  This crop accounts for nearly one-third of the oil produced in India, making it the country’s key edible oilseed crop.  Seeds are known by different names in different places ; Sarson , Toria or Lahi are generally termed as Rapeseeds while Rai or Raya or Laha is termed as Mustard.  Oil content varies from 37 to 49%. 4. USES 1. Its oil & seeds are used in: ~ the preparation of pickles and for flavoring curries and vegetables. ~ human consumption ,. ~ preparation of hair oil and ,medicines ,soaps. ~ in mixture with mineral oils for lubrication. ~ Rapeseed oil is used in the manufacture of greases. 2. The oil cake is used as a cattle feed, its green stems and leaves are good source of green fodder for cattle. 3. The leaves of young plants are used as green vegetables. 4. In tanning industry, mustard oil is used for softening leather. 5. RAPESEED OIL MUSTARD OIL CANOLA OIL 6. ORIGIN& HISTORY The place of origin is not definitely known.  It’s cultivation has been traced to 2000-1500 B.C in India, China and Japan.  According to Prain (1898), Bailey (1922) and others: Rai (B.juncea) originated in China and from there it was introduced in India.  According to Vavilov (1926)the place of origin of Rapeseed (B. campestris) is eastern Afghanistan and adjoining parts of India & Pakistan.  Singh(1958) considered the B. campestris var. yellow sarson to the oldest of the various rapes & Mustard grown in India. 7. AREA AND DISTRIBUTION Rapeseed and mustard are grown in 53 countries of the world.  WORLD :- Area - 35.44 Million ha ( 2017-18 ) Production - 40.60 Million metric tons ( 2017-18 ) Productivity - 2.09 Metric tons per ha ( 2017-18 )  Major growing countries :- : India, Canada, China, Pakistan, Poland, Bangladesh & . Sweden , etc.  INDIA :- Area - 5.70 Million ha ( 2017-18 ) Production - 6.50 Million metric tons ( 2017-18 ) Productivity - 1 metric tons per ha ( 2017- 18 )  Major growing states of India :- U.P, Rajasthan, M.P, Haryana, Punjab, Assam, Bihar, . . Gujarat & West Bengal.  U.P alone produces about 20 % of total rapeseed & mustard production in India.  Total oilseed in J&K ( 2014-15 ) Area (000) Ha – 65.95 Production (000 Qtls ) – 583.8 yield ( Qt /ha ) – 8.85 8. Classification ( SINGH ,1958 ) B. campestris var. yellow sarson. B. campestris var. brown sarson B. campestris var. yellow toria B. campestris var. black toria. B. Juncea B. juncea var. rugose B. nigra SPECIES 9. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION • Family : Cruciferae • Genus : Brassica • Plant is self-pollinated but cross pollination also takes place to some extent.

1. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF
RAPESEED AND MUSTARD

2. INTRODUCTION :
•Rape seed and Mustard are the major rabi oilseed crops of
India . They occupy a prominent place being 3rd most
important next to groundnut both in area and production
meeting the fat requirement of about 50% population.
• India contributes the lions share in production of rape seed
and mustard and stands 1st in the world.
• In India , Uttar Pradesh alone produces about 60% of total
rape seed and mustard .

3. ICAR-DRMR
• The Indian council of agricultural research
(ICAR) established the national research
center on rape seed- mustard ( NRCRM).
• This is later re-designated as Directorate of
rape seed mustard research (DMDR).
• The basic mandate of this is , stratergic and
adaptive research on rape seed –mustard to
improve the productivity and quality.

4. Sarson
Toria
Lahi
Rape
seed
Rai
Raya
laha
Mustard
They are also called
as…..
Two Brassica
species
Mustard –
b. juncea
Rape seed-
b. campestris
Rape seed and mustard
belongs to Brassica spp.

5. All modes of uses in general
• Oil
• Seeds/spices
• Fertilizer
• Medium of preservation
• Seed meal
• Medicinal application
• Industrial application

6. About oil
•The oil is utilized as for the human consumption
throughout north India and eastern part of india
for cooking purposes .
•Two types of mustard oils are famous in India
1. kacchi ghani type.
2. refined oil type
•The kacchi ghani type is mostly prefered by the
consumers due to its pungency and colour.
•The refined oil is prefered by health conscious
people.

7. 42%
Rape
seed 38-40%
mustard
OIL CONTENT :
Used in :
•Prepearation of hair oils and medicines
•It is used in soap making by mixing it
with mineral oils for lubrication .
•It is used in manufacturing of greases
•Based for preservative like pickels and
chutneys
•Oil recovery from seeds id 33%
•Mustard oil contain erucic acid in high
amount and it is removed before use as
an edible oil .

9. Seeds are directly used in
the preparation of almost all
curries particularly in the
process called “TADKA”.

10. •Green stems and leaves are also used as fodder for
cattle.
•The leaves of young plants are used as green
vegetables
•They supply enough sulphur and mineral in the
diet.

11. •The oil cake is used as a cattle
feed and manure
•Manure – 5.2 N , 1.0 P2O5 and
1.4 K2O.
•Due to glycosinolates , mustard
cake is not sutable for human
purpose as it adversley affects
protein .
•Cake recovery from seeds on an
average is 67%

12. •Seed extract after recovering oil is used
as feed
•The rapeseed meal is rich in protein and
low in glucosinolate content
•Hence has high demand for cattle feed
and poultry feed in India
•Meal from these crops is having high
demand from feed millers and is
exported to various foreign and
mediterranean countries.
•The seed meal is an important source of
export earning .

13. •The seed and oil are used
as condiments in the
preparation of pickels and
for falvouring curries and
vegetables
•north India mostly mustard
oil is preferd by people.
•The pickel industries also
started as a small scale
industry ,providing
livelihood for many people.

14. Medicinal corner
•Its seeds and oil has traditionally been used in relieve
of muscle pain , rheumatismand arthritic pain .
•In India mustard oil is applied to scalp and believed
that it stimulates the hair growth.
• the ground seeds act as a laxative, stimulate to the
gastric mucosa and increase intestinal secretion
•It strengthens the gums if taken with salt and alum.
•It is also noticed that sleeping on mustard seeds
gives the bio- energetic healing massage effect.
•Moreover, it is used to relieve the back-ache ,muscle
pain , anxiety, depression and insomnia.

16. • Mustard oil is banned in EU,USA and Canada,
principally due to its erucic acid content.It is
allowed for external use only .
HEALTH RISKS OF OIL WITH ERUCIC ACID :
Accumilation of triglycerides in the heart.
Development of fribriotic lesions of the heart.
Increases in the risk of lung cancer and anemia.

17. IN INDIA:
• In Delhi, mustard oil is banned in 1998, due to alarming increase in
dropsy.
DROPSY EPIDEMIC :
• A dropsy epidemic –caused by adulterated edible mustard oil, has hit
India.
• Investigations have revealed that the mustard oil , which is widely
used in cooking was deliberately adulterated with poisonous
Argemonic mexiana seed oil by unscruplous traders.
• Nearly 50 people died due to this in delhi .

18. Industrial uses
•In tanning industry, mustard oil is used for softening
leather .
•Rape seed oil is used in making greases .
•The presence of erucic acid in high amount leads to
immense industrial applications
•(HEAR) HIGH ERUCIC ACID RAPESEEDS ,used in
lubricant to paper ,textiles and plastic industry .
•The global market for low erucic acid rapeseed oil is
increasing day by day .