The Achievements Contents and Experiences of China's Development Road by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zhou Fangye

2. U.S.A Blue German Brown
Japan Pink China Red

3. I China's economic achievements in the past 40 years of
reform and opening up
1）China's sustained and rapid economic development
From 1978 to 2017, China's GDP grew by an average annual rate of
9.3%, and China's GDP grew from 367 billion 900 million yuan to 82
trillion and 710 billion yuan (equivalent to 12 trillion and 200 billion
US dollars), becoming the second largest economy in the world.
The proportion of China's total economy in the world economy has
increased from 1.8% to 16%.

4. 2) The overall improvement of the level of social development
In 1978, China's per capita GDP was 381 yuan, which was only 2/3 of India's
per capita GDP in the same period. It was a typical low income country in the
world at that time.
In 2017, China's per capita GDP reached 59660 yuan (US $8800), ranking
among the upper middle income countries.
In the past 40 years since reform and opening up, more than 700 million people
have been lifted out of poverty.

5. 3) Pull the world economic growth
In 1978, China's total import and export volume was 35.5 billion yuan;
in 2017, China's total import and export volume reached 27.8 trillion yuan,
782.82 times that of 1978. China's total import and export goods and services
accounted for 9.7% of the world's total.
In 2016, the scale of China's foreign direct investment had reached 196 billion
US dollars, and it was the second largest investor in the world. The proportion
of the world's foreign direct investment was over 10% for the first time.

6. In October 1, 2016, the RMB was formally incorporated into the currency basket
of the IMF special drawing rights (SDR) to obtain the status of the main
international currency.
From 2013 to 2016, the annual average contribution rate of China's final
consumption to the world consumption growth was the first in the world.
According to the constant dollar price, the annual average contribution rate in
recent years could reach 23.4%. The Chinese market has increasingly become
an important driving force for global consumption growth.

7. 1978
The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee

8. 1978
Rural reform

9. 1980
First joint venture (Beijing aviation food Co., Ltd.)

10. 1980
Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

11. 1980
Business license for the first individual business (Wenzhou)

12. 1984
The first stock (Shanghai)

13. 1987
First auction of land (Shenzhen)

14. 1987
The first KFC (Beijing)

15. 1990
The first stock exchange

16. 2001
Formal accession to the World Trade Organization

17. 2013
The first free trade test area (Shanghai)

18. 2016
First national large data comprehensive test area (Guizhou)

19. 2017

20. II The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics
The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics mainly includes 14 aspects.
1) Ensuring Party leadership over all work
The Party exercises overall leadership over all areas of endeavor in every part of
the country.
2) Committing to a people-centered approach
The people are the creators of history; they are the fundamental force that
determines our Party and country’s future.
3) Continuing to comprehensively deepen reform
Have the determination to get rid of all outdated thinking and ideas and all
institutional ailments, and to break through the blockades of vested interests.

21. 4) Adopting a new vision for development
Innovative, coordinated, green, and open development that is for everyone.
5) Seeing that the people run the country
Uphold and improve the system of people’s congresses, the system of Party-led
multiparty cooperation and political consultation, the system of regional ethnic
autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance.
6) Ensuring every dimension of governance is law-based
Law-based governance, law-based exercise of state power, and law-based
government administration, and promote the integrated development of rule of
law for the country, the government, and society.

22. 7) Upholding core socialist values
富强（prosperity）、民主（democracy）、文明（civility）、和谐（harmony），自由
（freedom）、平等（equality）、公正（justice）、法治（the rule of law），爱国（
patriotism）、敬业（dedication）、诚信（integrity）、友善（friendship）
8) Ensuring and improving living standards through development
The wellbeing of the people is the fundamental goal of development.
Strengthen areas of weakness and promote social fairness and justice.
9) Ensuring harmony between human and nature
Building an ecological civilization is vital to sustain the Chinese nation’s
development.

23. 10) Pursuing a holistic approach to national security
Ensure both development and security and be ever ready to protect against potential
dangers in time of peace.
11) Upholding absolute Party leadership over the people’s armed forces
12) Upholding the principle of “one country, two systems” and promoting
national reunification
13) Promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind
Stay on the path of peaceful development, and continue to pursue a mutually
beneficial strategy of opening up.
14) Exercising full and rigorous governance over the Party

24. III The key to the success of China's road is the Communist
Party of China
China's road is different from the Western model, and it is short of
precedent. It is necessary to "cross the river with stone", which makes
Chinese road exploration face many dangers and pay a heavy price.
Whether it is the cultural revolution, the transition from the planned
economy to the market economy, and the present reflection on the
development of "GDP doctrine", China is exploring the correct path of
development in the process of correcting the errors.

25. In the process of correcting mistakes, China can firmly move from one victory to
another, and achieve a miracle of development. The key is the leadership of the
Communist Party of China.
As president Xi Jinping said, it makes clear that the defining feature of socialism
with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China;
the greatest strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics is
the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

26. In the process of East Asian modernization, many political parties and leaders
have made important achievements on the road of independent development.
However, if they lack the ability of self reform, self development and self
correction, they will inevitably withdraw from the stage of history. Suharto in
Indonesia and UMNO in Malaysia are precedents.

27. The experience of the Communist Party of China in exploring the road of
socialism with Chinese characteristics is mainly in the following aspects:
1) Putting the Party’s political building first
Ensure that the whole Party obeys the Central Committee and upholds its authority
and centralized, unified leadership.
2) Arming the whole Party with the Thought on Socialism with Chinese
Characteristics for a New Era
3) Training a contingent of competent and professional officials
4) Strengthening primary-level Party organizations
5) Working ceaselessly to improve Party conduct and enforce Party discipline
6) Securing a sweeping victory in the fight against corruption
7) Improving Party and state oversight systems
8) Strengthening every dimension of our ability for governance

28. 中国社会科学院亚太与全球战略研究院
National Institute of International Strategy Chinese Academy of Social Sciences