2. Table of Contents
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
• Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
• Objectives of EIA
• Why EIA ?
• History of EIA
• Global Challenges
3. Environmental Impact Assessment
Systematic, documented, objective evaluation that
gives an insight in the social, economical and
environmental impacts of proposed project. Its
possible preventive and remedial measures as well
as alternatives.
4. Initial Environmental Examination
It is a preliminary environmental review of reasonably
foreseeable impacts of proposed activity to determine the
adverse impacts whether an EIA is required or not
5. Difference in IEE and EIA
IEE
• Preliminary Environmental
Review
• For Small Scale Project
• Low Cost Projects
• Project with no Significant
adverse Impacts
EIA
• Full Environmental
Assessment
• For Large Scale Projects
• High Cost Projects
• Projects with Significant
Adverse Impacts
6.
7. Why EIA ?
• Global Commitment
• For Project Approval
• Mandatory for All Donors
• Reduces Environmental Damage
• Lower Project Cost in Long term
• Ensures that Development is according to
National Quality Standards
Governmental Polices
International Obligations
8. History of EIA
Pre 1960s
No Environmental Awareness
Abundance Paradigm
No Depletion of Natural Resources
Economic Growth is more Important
No regulatory Control
9. History of EIA
Post 1960s
Environmental Awareness
Environmental Protection Paradigm
Natural Resources are Limited
Focus was on Environment
Approval of Environmental Regulations
10. Global Challenges
• Increasing Population
• Industrialization and Urbanization
• Intensive Agriculture
• Declining Resources
• Altered Biogeochemical Cycle
• Social Disintegration