The document discusses motivation in the workplace. It lists scores for several employees and defines motivation as a process that causes someone to take action to fulfill a need and be rewarded. It identifies managers' acts, continuous processes, positive or negative impacts, and goals as aspects of motivation. Productivity, absenteeism, turnover, and organizational citizenship are listed as dependent variables while individual, group, and organizational levels are independent variables. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators are outlined. Motivation is said to satisfy needs, increase job satisfaction, productivity, learning, and discipline. Cohort-based learning is defined and noted to have benefits like emotional support, skill improvement, perspective broadening, being student-centered, and building professional networks.