India is a fast growing developing country consisting of large city population in many numbers. Along with increase in population generation of waste is highly proportional. Management of these rejects in a sustainable procedure without harming the neighbours is very important. Bengaluru City generates about 4000 metric tonnes per day of MSW within the jurisdiction of Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BBMP), which is responsible to provide and administer the urban infrastructure and other civic amenities of the Greater Bengaluru Metropolitan area having a population of over 10 million. Handling and management of this huge quantity of municipal waste is a challenge for the urban local body (ULB) about environmental, social and techno-financial aspects.
The paper consists of proposing a method of controlling the odour produced in the solid waste treatment plant especially for the wet solid waste along with increasing the rate of composting in a conventional manner. It also included to determine the causes of malodours, to identify the most common odorants in municipal waste, properties they consist, how they can be affected and ways to prevent them to the maximum magnitude.
the method proposed in this project would be an efficient suggestion and could be implemented with ease even if it is required to change the current treatment procedure of the municipal solid waste management plants of the city. Odour emission could be regulated by avoiding the turning operation and maintaining the factors affecting composting within the permissible limits. This can be done by maintain the required temperature, moisture content by the principle of transfer of heat and aeration within the pile from the method proposed.
HOA1&2 - Module 3 - PREHISTORCI ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA.pptx
Odour Regulation-Solution to control Odour from Municipal Solid Waste Management Plant.
1. Odour control-Solution to control Odour
From Solid Waste Treatment Plant
Karthik Kumar V (1OX14CV029)
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Amruth Kanakaraj
Asst. professor
Department of Civil
The Oxford College of Engineering
Bommanahalli, Bangalore- 560 068
2. • Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature Survey
• Aim and Objective
• Why odour regulation is required
• Odour production and its Locations
• Factors to be considered the most
• Odour
• Measurement
Contents
3. • HAT System of Odour regulation
Working Principle
Materials used
Components
Working
Advantages and Disadvantages
Comparison
• Results
• Future Work
• Conclusion
4. Abstract
India is a fast growing developing country consisting of large city population in
many numbers. Along with increase in population generation of waste is highly
proportional.
The aim of this project consists of proposing a method of controlling the odour
produced in the solid waste treatment plant especially for the wet solid waste along
with increasing the rate of composting in a conventional manner. It also included to
determine the causes of malodours, to identify the most common odorants in
municipal waste, properties they consist, how they can be affected and ways to
prevent them to the maximum magnitude.
The solution was not tested so it cannot with certainty be determined if the
suggestions will reduce or prevent emission of odour.
5. Introduction
Public is affected by odour in a number of ways leading to numerous complex
health problems. sturdy, unpleasant or attacking odour can barricade with a
person’s pleasure of life especially if they are frequent.
Undesirable odour contributes to air quality anxieties and affect human standard
of living.
Decomposing the solid waste without working on them until composting is fully
done is been seen that odour produced is moderately less and thereby odour
regulation is achieved.
Method proposed eliminates the need for weekly turnings of the organic solid
waste piles and thereby decreases the operating costs related to treatment of
decomposition.
6. Literature Summary
From the literature it is seen that the effect of temperature, moisture,
oxygen demand is an essential factor which has to be maintained in
order to have an efficient conversion of waste to organic manure. Th
ere are many new technologies adopted in industries to waste manag
ement.
Studies on odour emission and its effect is done effectively and suita
ble solution is provided
7.
8. To study the various factors affecting the odour production in the Municipal Solid Waste Management
Plant and improve the system along with odour regulation.
To study the existing literature on Odour production and Regulation.
To study in detail about solid waste from its classification, generation till the composting.
To become familiar with aerated static pile compost operations and equipment.
To study the various processes taking place in a solid waste processing plant and its limitations in
controlling odour.
To study the various problems caused to residents staying near the plant.
To determine the suitability of finished products for various compost end uses.
To propose a method to control the odour
Aim and Objective
9. Mixing and turning phases of composting. Turning operation is done
in order to maintain the optimum values of factors affecting the
composting process. During this operation odour trapped inside the
pile ejects out.
Leachate is another major reason for odour in the plant. It produces of
fensive smell having ammonia or sewage like odour. Hence wherever
there is formation of leachate in the plant, odour will be there.
Some intensity of odour is also produced by the raw waste at the time
of disposal in the windrow section of the treatment plant.
Odour production and its locations
10. Why Odour Regulation is Required
Vomiting, Headaches, Nausea
Increased levels of stress, Depression, Aggressiveness
Embracement to people as relatives and guests hesitate to visit them which becomes a social
problem.
No external works or activities can be done due to aggressive odour.
Disturbance to sleep
Various health issues faced by aged people
Due to toxics present in odour people get diseased in and around the plant which directly
impacts the health of people living around it
11.
12. Factors to be considered
Water: Optimal moisture content for on-farm composting is between 50 to 60
% by weight.
pH level: The optimal pH range is 6 to 7.5 for bacteria and 5.5 to 8 for fungi.
Temperature: The optimal temperatures range is commonly believed to be 130
to 150F.
Oxygen Demand: Atmosphere contains 21% O2, aerobic microbes can survive
at O2 concentration as low as 5% while O2 concentrations of more than 10%
are considered optimal in compost pile.
13. Introduction to Odour
Odour is a characteristic or quality of a substance that makes it perceptible to the
sense of smell.
They contribute to the various smells that causes nuisance in the site.
Production of odour occurs in the windrow section, especially when the pile
undergoes turning operation.
Odours which are developed and trapped within the pile tend to emerge out when
exposed to the atmosphere.
14. Measurement
Odour can be measured as “total odour” as caused by a mixture of compounds or by a
single specific odour causing compound.
Methods generally consist of portable or stationary continuous air monitors, or air
sampling with subsequent laboratory analysis.
An instrument called a scentometer can be used in the field to objectively determine
odour strength.
15. HAT SYSTEM
The most efficient system which could be used to control odour emission
Consists of maintaining all the required factors within the pile of windrow
Avoids the turning operation thereby preventing odour emission
16. Working Principle
Works on the principle of heat transfer from the region of higher
magnitude to the region of lower magnitude of temperature.
Aeration boosts the composting process by providing Oxygen for
microorganisms for decomposition.
18. Components
HAT: Heat absorption and Transfer system
Aeration pumps: provision of Oxygen
Voltage Regulators: Temperature Control
Solar panels: generation of electricity
Inlets and outlets: For water input and Discharge
Aeration Regulators: controlling degree of hotness to aeration
Leachate Collector: collecting Leachate
21. Working
Water from the OHT is loaded into HAT
Water is made to heat to the required temperature through voltage
regulators
Aeration pumps are operated to desired air temperatures
Water is discharged through outlets when their job is done
Leachate is collected from the sloping surface of the windrow and treated
suitably
25. Advantages
The windrow area can be significantly reduced which in turn helps in reducing
the area required for plant.
The tedious process of turning over is reduced which is the mother of all odours
in the plant.
The rate of composting is increased which helps us in getting the end product in
shorter time.
No use of chemicals to increase the rate of composting or to reduce the odour.
Maintenance of “HAT” is very easy and there is no need of frequent replacement
of the system.
Volume of waste composted is more thus it increases the capacity of plant to take
the waste.
Highly effective with all types of odour.
It solves the main reason for shutting down of plants in Bangalore -ODOUR and
thus makes it people friendly as well as provides a safe environment for labours
in the plant.
27. Windrow Aerated Static Pile HAT System*
Capacity tons per day 100 to 200 More than 30 More than 50
Composting Time 8 to 24 weeks 2 to 8 weeks 2 to 4 weeks
Curing Time 3 to 6 weeks 2 to 4 weeks 2 to 3 weeks
Odour Production High Medium Low
Leachate Production High Medium Low
Electric Consumption Low Medium High
Investment Cost Low to medium Medium Medium to high
Operation Cost Low Low to medium Medium
Maintenance Cost Low Low to medium Medium
Efficiency of working Low Medium High
Comparison
*Based on theoretical study and analysis
28. Results
Odour Emission: emission of odour is greatly reduced to about 80% to
that compared with the recent technologies.
Rate of composting: Compost can be achieved within 12 to 16 days of
work.
Capacity of windrow: Windrow capacity of taking in solid waste is of
about 100 to 120 tons for an individual windrow pile.
Turning Operation: Tedious process of turning the pile of Windrow is
completely eliminated.
29. Future Work
• To control the temperature automatically
• To regulate the temperature of aeration and increase the effi
ciency.
• To reduce the initial cost by developing new material which
should also perform well as per requirement.
30. Conclusion
To maintain the appealing value of the environment there is requirement of new
technology which are to be adopted to regulate the odour.
In order to save the hazardous affects and the beauty of environment caused due
to odour, solution is very much essential and we have it.
With harmless environmental footprint this is suggested as an affordable and
appropriate technology option for the Indian conditions where rapidly developing
communities in the urban boundaries are demanding equally better quality of life.
